{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:17:38Z","timestamp":1790824658653,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To describe the growth, maturation, and remodeling changes of the mandible during infancy and early childhood.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Seven Bolton-Brush Growth Study longitudinal cephalograms (N \u200a=\u200a 336) of each of 24 females and 24 males, taken between birth and 5 years of age, as well as early adulthood, were traced and digitized. Five measurements and nine landmarks were used to characterize mandibular growth, remodeling, and degree of adult maturity.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Overall, mandibular length showed the greatest growth changes, followed by ramus height and corpus length. Corpus length was the most mature of the three linear measures; ramus height was less mature than overall mandibular length. The greatest growth rates occurred between 0.4\u20131 year; yearly velocities decelerated thereafter. The ramus remodeled superiorly only slightly more than it remodeled posteriorly. Male mandibles were significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2264 .05) larger, displayed greater growth rates, and were significantly less mature than female mandibles. There were no significant differences in mandibular growth or maturation between Class I and Class II patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The mandible displays decelerating rates of growth and a maturity gradient during infancy and early childhood, with males showing more growth and being more mature than females.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/020309-67.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,14]],"date-time":"2009-10-14T21:00:59Z","timestamp":1255554059000},"page":"97-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Mandibular Growth, Remodeling, and Maturation During Infancy and Early Childhood"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Yi-Ping","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, St Louis, Mo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf G.","family":"Behrents","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthodontics, Center for Advanced Dental Education, St Louis University, St Louis, Mo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Buschang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-97-b01","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"400","article-title":"Variations in the growth pattern of the human mandible: longitudinal radiographic study by the implant method.","volume":"42","author":"Bj\u00f6rk, A.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rk, A.\n          \n          Variations in the growth pattern of the human mandible: longitudinal radiographic study by the implant method.\n          J Dent Res\n          1963. 42:400\u2013411."},{"key":"i0003-3219-80-1-97-b02","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"Normal and abnormal growth of the mandible: a synthesis of longitudinal cephalometric implant studies over a period of 25 years.","volume":"5","author":"Bj\u00f6rk, A.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rk, A. and V.Skieller. 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