{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T21:25:30Z","timestamp":1789593930540,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To conduct an objective assessment of the level of compliance in young patients prescribed various types of removable appliances and to determine the influence of device type, treatment duration, and patient age, gender, psychological maturity, and awareness of monitoring on compliance.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A total of 30 patients were fitted with either a class 2 (Frankel or bionator) or a class 3 (face mask) removable appliance, each bearing a compliance indicator chip, and they were instructed to wear them for 13 hours per day. Compliance was monitored by means of the sensor for an average of 8 months. Of the patients, 14 were informed that their appliance was fitted with a monitoring sensor, and 16 were not. The psychological maturity of all patients was assessed on the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale, and the effect on compliance of this score as well as the patient- and treatment-related variables considered were determined via statistical analysis\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The mean compliance recorded by the chips was 8.6 \u00b1 2.9 hours, far lower than the 13 hours prescribed, and younger patients showed significantly greater compliance than adolescents (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; .01). However, no significant differences in compliance were found between intra- and extraoral appliances, and neither gender, psychological scores, treatment duration, nor awareness of being monitored had any significant effect.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Compliance is generally very poor in young patients, regardless of their gender and psychological maturity. Although awareness of monitoring does not appear to boost compliance, such systems may be a valuable means of providing a dentist with objective information regarding their patients' compliance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/020616-104.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,10]],"date-time":"2016-08-10T09:36:24Z","timestamp":1470821784000},"page":"88-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Objective assessment of compliance with intra- and extraoral removable appliances"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Arreghini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Fellow, Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Trigila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Siciliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chairman, Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b01","series-title":"J Orofacial Orthopedics","first-page":"185","article-title":"What can be achieved with removable orthodontic appliances?","volume":"70","author":"Miethke \n              RR,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miethke \n              RR, \n            \n            \n              Wronski \n              C. \n            \n          \n          What can be achieved with removable orthodontic appliances?\n          J Orofacial Orthopedics. 2009;70:185\u2013199."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b02","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"614","article-title":"Success rate and efficiency of activator treatment","volume":"29","author":"Casutt \n              C,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Casutt \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Pancherz \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Gawora \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Ruf \n              S. \n            \n          \n          Success rate and efficiency of activator treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:614\u2013621."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"84","article-title":"Meta-analysis of skeletal mandibular changes during Frankel appliance treatment","volume":"33","author":"Perillo \n              L,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Perillo \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Cannavale \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Ferro \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Franchi \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Masucci \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Chiodini \n              P, \n            \n            \n              Baccetti \n              T. \n            \n          \n          Meta-analysis of skeletal mandibular changes during Frankel appliance treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:84\u201392."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"571","article-title":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research efficacy trials of bionator Class II treatment: a review","volume":"72","author":"Jacobs \n              T,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jacobs \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Sawaengkit \n              P. \n            \n          \n          National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research efficacy trials of bionator Class II treatment: a review. Angle Orthod. 2002;72:571\u2013575."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b05","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"133","article-title":"Efficacy of orthopedic treatment with protraction facemask on skeletal Class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Cordasco \n              G,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cordasco \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Matarese \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Rustico \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Fastuca \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Caprioglio \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Lindauer \n              SJ, \n            \n            \n              Nucera \n              R. \n            \n          \n          Efficacy of orthopedic treatment with protraction facemask on skeletal Class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2014;17:133\u2013143."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b06","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"108","article-title":"Young patients'attitudes toward removable appliance wear times, wear-time instructions and electronic wear-time measurements\u2014results of a questionnaire study","volume":"71","author":"Schott \n              TC,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schott \n              TC, \n            \n            \n              Goz\u00a8 \n              G. \n            \n          \n          Young patients'attitudes toward removable appliance wear times, wear-time instructions and electronic wear-time measurements\u2014results of a questionnaire study. J Orofac Orthop. 2010;71:108\u2013116."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"107","article-title":"Relationship between compliance by adolescent orthodontic patients and performance on psychological tests","volume":"60","author":"Cucalon \n              A,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cucalon \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Smith \n              RJ. \n            \n          \n          Relationship between compliance by adolescent orthodontic patients and performance on psychological tests. Angle Orthod. 1990;60:107\u2013114."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b08","series-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol","first-page":"419","article-title":"The theory of reasoned action and patient compliance during orthodontic treatment","volume":"33","author":"Bos \n              A,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bos \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Hoogstraten \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Prahl-Andersen \n              B. \n            \n          \n          The theory of reasoned action and patient compliance during orthodontic treatment. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005;33:419\u2013426."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"155","article-title":"Influence of anterior tooth alignment on peer perception in 8- to 10-year-old children","volume":"33","author":"Verdecchia \n              F,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Verdecchia \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Bee \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Lombardo \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Sgarbanti \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Gracco \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Influence of anterior tooth alignment on peer perception in 8- to 10-year-old children. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:155\u2013160."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b10","series-title":"Orthodontics (Chic.)","first-page":"366","article-title":"Anterior dental alignment and smile: perception and sensations in a sample of 8- to 10- year-old children and their parents","volume":"12","author":"Lombardo \n              L,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lombardo \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Berveglieri \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Guarneri \n              MP, \n            \n            \n              Siciliani \n              G. \n            \n          \n          Anterior dental alignment and smile: perception and sensations in a sample of 8- to 10- year-old children and their parents. Orthodontics (Chic.). 2011;12:366\u2013377."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"198","article-title":"Psychological timing of orthodontic treatment","volume":"72","author":"Weiss \n              J,","year":"1977","unstructured":"Weiss \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Eiser \n              HM. \n            \n          \n          Psychological timing of orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod. 1977;72:198\u2013204."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"801","article-title":"Comparing subjective and objective measures of headgear compliance","volume":"132","author":"Bos \n              A,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bos \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Kleverlaan \n              CJ, \n            \n            \n              Hoogstraten \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Prahl-Andersen \n              B, \n            \n            \n              Kuitert \n              R. \n            \n          \n          Comparing subjective and objective measures of headgear compliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;132:801\u2013805."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b13","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"749","article-title":"An accurate, inexpensive headgear timer","volume":"25","author":"Cureton \n              SL,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cureton \n              SL, \n            \n            \n              Regennitter \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Orbell \n              MG. \n            \n          \n          An accurate, inexpensive headgear timer. J Clin Orthod. 1991;25:749\u2013754."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b14","series-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput","first-page":"57","article-title":"Compliance monitor for use with removable orthodontic headgear appliances","volume":"35","author":"Kyriacou \n              PA,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kyriacou \n              PA, \n            \n            \n              Jones \n              DP. \n            \n          \n          Compliance monitor for use with removable orthodontic headgear appliances. Med Biol Eng Comput. 1997;35:57\u201360."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b15","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"297","article-title":"Micro-electronic monitoring of functional appliance wear","volume":"12","author":"Sahm \n              G,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Sahm \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Bartsch \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Witt \n              E. \n            \n          \n          Micro-electronic monitoring of functional appliance wear. Eur J Orthod. 1990;12:297\u2013301."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"549","article-title":"Microsensor technology to help monitor removable appliance wear","volume":"135","author":"Ackerman \n              MB,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ackerman \n              MB, \n            \n            \n              McRae \n              MS, \n            \n            \n              Longley \n              WH. \n            \n          \n          Microsensor technology to help monitor removable appliance wear. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:549\u2013551."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b17","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"339","article-title":"Applicative characteristics of new microelectronic sensors Smart Retainer\u00ae and TheraMon\u00ae for measuring wear time","volume":"71","author":"Schott \n              TC,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schott \n              TC, \n            \n            \n              G\u00f6z \n              G. \n            \n          \n          Applicative characteristics of new microelectronic sensors Smart Retainer\u00ae and TheraMon\u00ae for measuring wear time. J Orofac Orthop. 2010;71:339\u2013347."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b18","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"518","article-title":"A microsensor for monitoring removable-appliance wear","volume":"45","author":"Schott \n              TC,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schott \n              TC, \n            \n            \n              Ludwig \n              B, \n            \n            \n              Glasl \n              BA, \n            \n            \n              Lisson \n              JA. \n            \n          \n          A microsensor for monitoring removable-appliance wear. J Clin Orthod. 2011;45:518\u2013520."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b19","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"103","article-title":"Wearing times of orthodontic devices as measured by the TheraMon\u00ae microsensor","volume":"72","author":"Schott \n              TC,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schott \n              TC, \n            \n            \n              G\u00f6z \n              G. \n            \n          \n          Wearing times of orthodontic devices as measured by the TheraMon\u00ae microsensor. J Orofac Orthop. 2011;72:103\u2013110."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b20","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1002","article-title":"Effects of wear time recording on the patient's compliance","volume":"83","author":"Pauls \n              A,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pauls \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Nienkemper \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Panayotidis \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Wilmes \n              B, \n            \n            \n              Drescher \n              D. \n            \n          \n          Effects of wear time recording on the patient's compliance. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:1002\u20131008."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"533","article-title":"Quantification of patient compliance with Hawley retainers and removable functional appliances during the retention phase","volume":"144","author":"Schott \n              TC,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schott \n              TC, \n            \n            \n              Schlipf \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Glasl \n              B, \n            \n            \n              Schwarzer \n              CL, \n            \n            \n              Weber \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Ludwig \n              B. \n            \n          \n          Quantification of patient compliance with Hawley retainers and removable functional appliances during the retention phase. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;144:533\u2013540."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"155","article-title":"Microelectronic wear-time documentation of removable orthodontic devices detects heterogeneous wear behavior and individualizes treatment planning","volume":"146","author":"Schott \n              TC,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schott \n              TC, \n            \n            \n              Ludwig \n              B. \n            \n          \n          Microelectronic wear-time documentation of removable orthodontic devices detects heterogeneous wear behavior and individualizes treatment planning. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:155\u2013160."},{"issue":"1","key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"56","article-title":"Objective assessment of patient compliance with removable orthodontic appliances: a cross-sectional cohort study","volume":"84","author":"Tsomos \n              G,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tsomos \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Ludwig \n              B, \n            \n            \n              Grossen \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Pazera \n              P, \n            \n            \n              Gkantidis \n              N. \n            \n          \n          Objective assessment of patient compliance with removable orthodontic appliances: a cross-sectional cohort study. Angle Orthod. 2014;84(1):56\u201361."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b24","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"73","article-title":"Quantifying patient adherence during active orthodontic treatment with removable appliances using microelectronic wear-time documentation","volume":"37","author":"Sch\u00e4fer \n              K,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4fer \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Ludwig \n              B, \n            \n            \n              Meyer-Gutknecht \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Schott \n              TC. \n            \n          \n          Quantifying patient adherence during active orthodontic treatment with removable appliances using microelectronic wear-time documentation. Eur J Orthod. 2015;37:73\u201380."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b25","series-title":"Psychosom Med","first-page":"321","article-title":"Relationships between behavioral factors and diabetic control in children and adolescents: a camp study","volume":"44","author":"Hamburg \n              BA,","year":"1982","unstructured":"Hamburg \n              BA, \n            \n            \n              Inoff \n              GE. \n            \n          \n          Relationships between behavioral factors and diabetic control in children and adolescents: a camp study. Psychosom Med1982;44:321\u2013339."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b26","series-title":"J Pediatr","first-page":"463","article-title":"Compliance with the gluten-free diet: the role of locus of control in celiac disease","volume":"158","author":"Bellini \n              A,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bellini \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Zanchi \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Martelossi \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Di Leo \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Not \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Ventura \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Compliance with the gluten-free diet: the role of locus of control in celiac disease. J Pediatr. 2011;158:463\u2013466."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"354","article-title":"Patient compliance and locus of control in orthodontic treatment: a prospective study","volume":"133","author":"Lee \n              SJ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee \n              SJ, \n            \n            \n              Ahn \n              SJ, \n            \n            \n              Kim \n              TW. \n            \n          \n          Patient compliance and locus of control in orthodontic treatment: a prospective study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:354\u2013358."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b01","series-title":"J Orofacial Orthopedics","first-page":"185","article-title":"What can be achieved with removable orthodontic appliances?","volume":"70","author":"Miethke \n              RR,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miethke \n              RR, \n            \n            \n              Wronski \n              C. \n            \n          \n          What can be achieved with removable orthodontic appliances?\n          J Orofacial Orthopedics. 2009;70:185\u2013199."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b02","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"614","article-title":"Success rate and efficiency of activator treatment","volume":"29","author":"Casutt \n              C,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Casutt \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Pancherz \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Gawora \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Ruf \n              S. \n            \n          \n          Success rate and efficiency of activator treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:614\u2013621."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"84","article-title":"Meta-analysis of skeletal mandibular changes during Frankel appliance treatment","volume":"33","author":"Perillo \n              L,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Perillo \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Cannavale \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Ferro \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Franchi \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Masucci \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Chiodini \n              P, \n            \n            \n              Baccetti \n              T. \n            \n          \n          Meta-analysis of skeletal mandibular changes during Frankel appliance treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:84\u201392."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"571","article-title":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research efficacy trials of bionator Class II treatment: a review","volume":"72","author":"Jacobs \n              T,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jacobs \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Sawaengkit \n              P. \n            \n          \n          National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research efficacy trials of bionator Class II treatment: a review. Angle Orthod. 2002;72:571\u2013575."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b05","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"133","article-title":"Efficacy of orthopedic treatment with protraction facemask on skeletal Class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Cordasco \n              G,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cordasco \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Matarese \n              G, \n            \n            \n              Rustico \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Fastuca \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Caprioglio \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Lindauer \n              SJ, \n            \n            \n              Nucera \n              R. \n            \n          \n          Efficacy of orthopedic treatment with protraction facemask on skeletal Class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2014;17:133\u2013143."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b06","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"108","article-title":"Young patients'attitudes toward removable appliance wear times, wear-time instructions and electronic wear-time measurements\u2014results of a questionnaire study","volume":"71","author":"Schott \n              TC,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schott \n              TC, \n            \n            \n              Goz\u00a8 \n              G. \n            \n          \n          Young patients'attitudes toward removable appliance wear times, wear-time instructions and electronic wear-time measurements\u2014results of a questionnaire study. J Orofac Orthop. 2010;71:108\u2013116."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"107","article-title":"Relationship between compliance by adolescent orthodontic patients and performance on psychological tests","volume":"60","author":"Cucalon \n              A,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cucalon \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Smith \n              RJ. \n            \n          \n          Relationship between compliance by adolescent orthodontic patients and performance on psychological tests. Angle Orthod. 1990;60:107\u2013114."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b08","series-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol","first-page":"419","article-title":"The theory of reasoned action and patient compliance during orthodontic treatment","volume":"33","author":"Bos \n              A,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bos \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Hoogstraten \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Prahl-Andersen \n              B. \n            \n          \n          The theory of reasoned action and patient compliance during orthodontic treatment. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005;33:419\u2013426."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"155","article-title":"Influence of anterior tooth alignment on peer perception in 8- to 10-year-old children","volume":"33","author":"Verdecchia \n              F,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Verdecchia \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Bee \n              M, \n            \n            \n              Lombardo \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Sgarbanti \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Gracco \n              A. \n            \n          \n          Influence of anterior tooth alignment on peer perception in 8- to 10-year-old children. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:155\u2013160."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b10","series-title":"Orthodontics (Chic.)","first-page":"366","article-title":"Anterior dental alignment and smile: perception and sensations in a sample of 8- to 10- year-old children and their parents","volume":"12","author":"Lombardo \n              L,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lombardo \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Berveglieri \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Guarneri \n              MP, \n            \n            \n              Siciliani \n              G. \n            \n          \n          Anterior dental alignment and smile: perception and sensations in a sample of 8- to 10- year-old children and their parents. Orthodontics (Chic.). 2011;12:366\u2013377."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"198","article-title":"Psychological timing of orthodontic treatment","volume":"72","author":"Weiss \n              J,","year":"1977","unstructured":"Weiss \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Eiser \n              HM. \n            \n          \n          Psychological timing of orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod. 1977;72:198\u2013204."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"801","article-title":"Comparing subjective and objective measures of headgear compliance","volume":"132","author":"Bos \n              A,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bos \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Kleverlaan \n              CJ, \n            \n            \n              Hoogstraten \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Prahl-Andersen \n              B, \n            \n            \n              Kuitert \n              R. \n            \n          \n          Comparing subjective and objective measures of headgear compliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;132:801\u2013805."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-1-88-b13","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"749","article-title":"An accurate, inexpensive headgear timer","volume":"25","author":"Cureton \n              SL,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Cureton \n              SL, \n            \n            \n              Regennitter \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Orbell \n              MG. \n            \n          \n          An accurate, inexpensive headgear timer. 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