{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:05:24Z","timestamp":1780063524093,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To explore whether there were any differences in orthodontic treatment need, treatment complexity, treatment time, or the number of visits between a group of children receiving early intervention (extraction of upper and lower deciduous canines) and an age- and condition-matched control group without intervention.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Patient records and study casts in the late mixed or early permanent dentitions of 46 subjects (20 from the extraction group and 26 from the control group) of an earlier prospective longitudinal study were retrieved. Orthodontic treatment need and complexity were assessed by the index of complexity, outcome, and need (ICON). Statistical calculations were performed by\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test for parametric outcome variables (treatment time, number of visits, and orthodontic treatment need) and Fisher exact test for the categorical variable (tooth extractions).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in ICON scores of orthodontic treatment need (extraction group, mean score 59.8; control group, mean score 52.8), number of visits (mean of about 15 visits for both groups), or treatment time (extraction group, mean 21.5 months; control group, mean 20.3 months). The extraction of permanent teeth was more prevalent in the deciduous canine extraction group (59%) as compared with the control group (28%); however, this was not statistically significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .07) but showed a tendency toward worsening the crowding and the future need of orthodontic extractions.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Early removal of deciduous primary canines will reduce neither the need for later orthodontic treatment nor its complexity, nor will it shorten the treatment time.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/020621-109.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T14:21:01Z","timestamp":1621952461000},"page":"743-748","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of early extraction of the deciduous canine on relief of severe crowding:"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Mhanna A.","family":"Aljabab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muteb","family":"Algharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Huggare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhan","family":"Bazargani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b01","series-title":"Trans Eur Orthod Soc","first-page":"34","article-title":"Active supervision of the eruption of teeth by extraction","volume":"48","author":"Hotz","year":"1947","unstructured":"Hotz\n RP.\n \n \n Active supervision of the eruption of teeth by extraction.\n\t\t\t\t\tTrans Eur Orthod Soc.\n\t\t\t\t\t1947;\n\t\t\t\t\t48:\n\t\t\t\t\t34\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t47."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b02","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"17","article-title":"Serial extraction as a corrective procedure in dental orthopedic therapy","volume":"8","author":"Kjellgren","year":"1948","unstructured":"Kjellgren\n B.\n \n \n Serial extraction as a corrective procedure in dental orthopedic therapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tActa Odontol Scand.\n\t\t\t\t\t1948;\n\t\t\t\t\t8:\n\t\t\t\t\t17\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t43."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b03","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"44","article-title":"Dr. Jack G. Dale on serial extraction","volume":"10","author":"Dale","year":"1976","unstructured":"Dale\n JG,\n \n \n Brandt\n S.\n \n \n Dr. Jack G. Dale on serial extraction.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1976;\n\t\t\t\t\t10:\n\t\t\t\t\t44\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t60."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b04","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"107","article-title":"Extractions as a form of interception in the developing dentition: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Kau","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kau\n CH,\n \n \n Durning\n P,\n \n \n Richmond\n S,\n \n \n Miotti\n FA,\n \n \n Harzer\n W.\n \n \n Extractions as a form of interception in the developing dentition: a randomized controlled trial.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t31:\n\t\t\t\t\t107\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t114."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b05","series-title":"Pediatr Dent","first-page":"65","article-title":"The effects of eruption guidance and serial extraction on the developing dentition","volume":"9","author":"Little","year":"1987","unstructured":"Little\n RM.\n \n \n The effects of eruption guidance and serial extraction on the developing dentition.\n\t\t\t\t\tPediatr Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t1987;\n\t\t\t\t\t9:\n\t\t\t\t\t65\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t70."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidance of eruption versus serial extraction","volume":"58","author":"Hotz","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hotz\n RP.\n \n \n Guidance of eruption versus serial extraction.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1970;\n\t\t\t\t\t58:\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t20."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"611","article-title":"Effect of serial extraction alone on crowding: spontaneous changes in dentition after serial extraction","volume":"118","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yoshihara\n T,\n \n \n Matsumoto\n Y,\n \n \n Suzuki\n J,\n \n \n Sato\n N,\n \n \n Oguchi\n H.\n \n \n Effect of serial extraction alone on crowding: spontaneous changes in dentition after serial extraction.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t118:\n\t\t\t\t\t611\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t616."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"31","article-title":"Effects of lower primary canine extraction on the mandibular dentition","volume":"76","author":"Sayin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sayin\n MO,\n \n \n T\u00fcrkkahraman\n H.\n \n \n Effects of lower primary canine extraction on the mandibular dentition.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t76:\n\t\t\t\t\t31\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t35."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"554","article-title":"The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment","volume":"68","author":"Little","year":"1975","unstructured":"Little\n RM.\n \n \n The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1975;\n\t\t\t\t\t68:\n\t\t\t\t\t554\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t563."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"587","article-title":"Mandibular incisor alignment and dental arch changes 1 year after extraction of deciduous canines","volume":"34","author":"Sj\u00f6gren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6gren\n A,\n \n \n Arnrup\n K,\n \n \n Lennartsson\n B,\n \n \n Huggare\n J.\n \n \n Mandibular incisor alignment and dental arch changes 1 year after extraction of deciduous canines.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t34:\n\t\t\t\t\t587\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t594."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b11","article-title":"Influence of deciduous canine extractions on incisor alignment, dental arch dimensions and dental fear.","author":"Sj\u00f6gren","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6gren\n A,\n \n \n Arnrup\n K,\n \n \n Lennartsson\n B,\n \n \n Huggare\n J.\n \n \n Influence of deciduous canine extractions on incisor alignment, dental arch dimensions and dental fear.\n Available at: https:\/\/openarchive.ki.se\/xmlui\/handle\/10616\/40514"},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b12","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"149","article-title":"The development of the index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON)","volume":"27","author":"Daniels","year":"2000","unstructured":"Daniels\n C,\n \n \n Richmond\n S.\n \n \n The development of the index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON).\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t27:\n\t\t\t\t\t149\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t162."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"15","article-title":"Validity of the index of complexity, outcome, and need (ICON) in determining orthodontic treatment need","volume":"72","author":"Firestone","year":"2002","unstructured":"Firestone\n AR,\n \n \n Beck\n FM,\n \n \n Beglin\n FM,\n \n \n Vig\n KWL.\n \n \n Validity of the index of complexity, outcome, and need (ICON) in determining orthodontic treatment need.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t72:\n\t\t\t\t\t15\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t20."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b14","series-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"161","article-title":"Twelve-month space changes after premature loss of a primary maxillary first molar","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin\n YT,\n \n \n Lin\n WH,\n \n \n Lin\n YT.\n \n \n Twelve-month space changes after premature loss of a primary maxillary first molar.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Paediatr Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t21:\n\t\t\t\t\t161\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t166."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b15","series-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"383","article-title":"Three-dimensional space changes after premature loss of a maxillary primary first molar","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2009","unstructured":"Park\n K,\n \n \n Jung\n DW,\n \n \n Kim\n JY.\n \n \n Three-dimensional space changes after premature loss of a maxillary primary first molar.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Paediatr Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t19:\n\t\t\t\t\t383\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t389."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b16","series-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent","first-page":"423","article-title":"The effect of premature extraction of primary teeth on the subsequent need for orthodontic treatment","volume":"17","author":"Bhujel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhujel\n N,\n \n \n Duggal\n MS,\n \n \n Saini\n P,\n \n \n Day\n PF.\n \n \n The effect of premature extraction of primary teeth on the subsequent need for orthodontic treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur Arch Paediatr Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t17:\n\t\t\t\t\t423\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t434."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b17","series-title":"ASDC J Dent Child","first-page":"279","article-title":"Premature loss of primary teeth: part I, its overall effect on occlusion and space in the permanent dentition","volume":"45","author":"Hoffding","year":"1978","unstructured":"Hoffding\n J,\n \n \n Kisling\n E.\n \n \n Premature loss of primary teeth: part I, its overall effect on occlusion and space in the permanent dentition.\n\t\t\t\t\tASDC J Dent Child.\n\t\t\t\t\t1978;\n\t\t\t\t\t45:\n\t\t\t\t\t279\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t283."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b18","series-title":"ASDC J Dent Child","first-page":"284","article-title":"Premature loss of primary teeth: part II, the specific effects on occlusion and space in the permanent dentition","volume":"45","author":"Hoffding","year":"1978","unstructured":"Hoffding\n J,\n \n \n Kisling\n E.\n \n \n Premature loss of primary teeth: part II, the specific effects on occlusion and space in the permanent dentition.\n\t\t\t\t\tASDC J Dent Child.\n\t\t\t\t\t1978;\n\t\t\t\t\t45:\n\t\t\t\t\t284\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t287."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"510","article-title":"Efficiency of serial extraction and late premolar extraction cases treated with fixed appliances","volume":"139","author":"O'Shaughnessy","year":"2011","unstructured":"O'Shaughnessy\n KW,\n \n \n Koroluk\n LD,\n \n \n Phillips\n C,\n \n \n Kennedy\n DB.\n \n \n Efficiency of serial extraction and late premolar extraction cases treated with fixed appliances.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t139:\n\t\t\t\t\t510\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t516."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b20","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"207","article-title":"Serial extraction or premolar extraction in the permanent dentition? Comparison of duration and outcome of orthodontic treatment","volume":"61","author":"Wagner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wagner\n M,\n \n \n Berg\n R.\n \n \n Serial extraction or premolar extraction in the permanent dentition? Comparison of duration and outcome of orthodontic treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orofac Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t61:\n\t\t\t\t\t207\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t216."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b01","series-title":"Trans Eur Orthod Soc","first-page":"34","article-title":"Active supervision of the eruption of teeth by extraction","volume":"48","author":"Hotz","year":"1947","unstructured":"Hotz\n RP.\n \n \n Active supervision of the eruption of teeth by extraction.\n\t\t\t\t\tTrans Eur Orthod Soc.\n\t\t\t\t\t1947;\n\t\t\t\t\t48:\n\t\t\t\t\t34\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t47."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b02","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"17","article-title":"Serial extraction as a corrective procedure in dental orthopedic therapy","volume":"8","author":"Kjellgren","year":"1948","unstructured":"Kjellgren\n B.\n \n \n Serial extraction as a corrective procedure in dental orthopedic therapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tActa Odontol Scand.\n\t\t\t\t\t1948;\n\t\t\t\t\t8:\n\t\t\t\t\t17\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t43."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b03","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"44","article-title":"Dr. Jack G. Dale on serial extraction","volume":"10","author":"Dale","year":"1976","unstructured":"Dale\n JG,\n \n \n Brandt\n S.\n \n \n Dr. Jack G. Dale on serial extraction.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1976;\n\t\t\t\t\t10:\n\t\t\t\t\t44\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t60."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b04","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"107","article-title":"Extractions as a form of interception in the developing dentition: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"31","author":"Kau","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kau\n CH,\n \n \n Durning\n P,\n \n \n Richmond\n S,\n \n \n Miotti\n FA,\n \n \n Harzer\n W.\n \n \n Extractions as a form of interception in the developing dentition: a randomized controlled trial.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t31:\n\t\t\t\t\t107\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t114."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b05","series-title":"Pediatr Dent","first-page":"65","article-title":"The effects of eruption guidance and serial extraction on the developing dentition","volume":"9","author":"Little","year":"1987","unstructured":"Little\n RM.\n \n \n The effects of eruption guidance and serial extraction on the developing dentition.\n\t\t\t\t\tPediatr Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t1987;\n\t\t\t\t\t9:\n\t\t\t\t\t65\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t70."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidance of eruption versus serial extraction","volume":"58","author":"Hotz","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hotz\n RP.\n \n \n Guidance of eruption versus serial extraction.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1970;\n\t\t\t\t\t58:\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t20."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"611","article-title":"Effect of serial extraction alone on crowding: spontaneous changes in dentition after serial extraction","volume":"118","author":"Yoshihara","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yoshihara\n T,\n \n \n Matsumoto\n Y,\n \n \n Suzuki\n J,\n \n \n Sato\n N,\n \n \n Oguchi\n H.\n \n \n Effect of serial extraction alone on crowding: spontaneous changes in dentition after serial extraction.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t118:\n\t\t\t\t\t611\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t616."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"31","article-title":"Effects of lower primary canine extraction on the mandibular dentition","volume":"76","author":"Sayin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sayin\n MO,\n \n \n T\u00fcrkkahraman\n H.\n \n \n Effects of lower primary canine extraction on the mandibular dentition.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t76:\n\t\t\t\t\t31\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t35."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"554","article-title":"The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment","volume":"68","author":"Little","year":"1975","unstructured":"Little\n RM.\n \n \n The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1975;\n\t\t\t\t\t68:\n\t\t\t\t\t554\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t563."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"587","article-title":"Mandibular incisor alignment and dental arch changes 1 year after extraction of deciduous canines","volume":"34","author":"Sj\u00f6gren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6gren\n A,\n \n \n Arnrup\n K,\n \n \n Lennartsson\n B,\n \n \n Huggare\n J.\n \n \n Mandibular incisor alignment and dental arch changes 1 year after extraction of deciduous canines.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t34:\n\t\t\t\t\t587\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t594."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b11","article-title":"Influence of deciduous canine extractions on incisor alignment, dental arch dimensions and dental fear.","author":"Sj\u00f6gren","unstructured":"Sj\u00f6gren\n A,\n \n \n Arnrup\n K,\n \n \n Lennartsson\n B,\n \n \n Huggare\n J.\n \n \n Influence of deciduous canine extractions on incisor alignment, dental arch dimensions and dental fear.\n Available at: https:\/\/openarchive.ki.se\/xmlui\/handle\/10616\/40514"},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b12","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"149","article-title":"The development of the index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON)","volume":"27","author":"Daniels","year":"2000","unstructured":"Daniels\n C,\n \n \n Richmond\n S.\n \n \n The development of the index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON).\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t27:\n\t\t\t\t\t149\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t162."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"15","article-title":"Validity of the index of complexity, outcome, and need (ICON) in determining orthodontic treatment need","volume":"72","author":"Firestone","year":"2002","unstructured":"Firestone\n AR,\n \n \n Beck\n FM,\n \n \n Beglin\n FM,\n \n \n Vig\n KWL.\n \n \n Validity of the index of complexity, outcome, and need (ICON) in determining orthodontic treatment need.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2002;\n\t\t\t\t\t72:\n\t\t\t\t\t15\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t20."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b14","series-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"161","article-title":"Twelve-month space changes after premature loss of a primary maxillary first molar","volume":"21","author":"Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin\n YT,\n \n \n Lin\n WH,\n \n \n Lin\n YT.\n \n \n Twelve-month space changes after premature loss of a primary maxillary first molar.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Paediatr Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t21:\n\t\t\t\t\t161\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t166."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b15","series-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"383","article-title":"Three-dimensional space changes after premature loss of a maxillary primary first molar","volume":"19","author":"Park","year":"2009","unstructured":"Park\n K,\n \n \n Jung\n DW,\n \n \n Kim\n JY.\n \n \n Three-dimensional space changes after premature loss of a maxillary primary first molar.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Paediatr Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t19:\n\t\t\t\t\t383\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t389."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b16","series-title":"Eur Arch Paediatr Dent","first-page":"423","article-title":"The effect of premature extraction of primary teeth on the subsequent need for orthodontic treatment","volume":"17","author":"Bhujel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhujel\n N,\n \n \n Duggal\n MS,\n \n \n Saini\n P,\n \n \n Day\n PF.\n \n \n The effect of premature extraction of primary teeth on the subsequent need for orthodontic treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur Arch Paediatr Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t17:\n\t\t\t\t\t423\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t434."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b17","series-title":"ASDC J Dent Child","first-page":"279","article-title":"Premature loss of primary teeth: part I, its overall effect on occlusion and space in the permanent dentition","volume":"45","author":"Hoffding","year":"1978","unstructured":"Hoffding\n J,\n \n \n Kisling\n E.\n \n \n Premature loss of primary teeth: part I, its overall effect on occlusion and space in the permanent dentition.\n\t\t\t\t\tASDC J Dent Child.\n\t\t\t\t\t1978;\n\t\t\t\t\t45:\n\t\t\t\t\t279\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t283."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b18","series-title":"ASDC J Dent Child","first-page":"284","article-title":"Premature loss of primary teeth: part II, the specific effects on occlusion and space in the permanent dentition","volume":"45","author":"Hoffding","year":"1978","unstructured":"Hoffding\n J,\n \n \n Kisling\n E.\n \n \n Premature loss of primary teeth: part II, the specific effects on occlusion and space in the permanent dentition.\n\t\t\t\t\tASDC J Dent Child.\n\t\t\t\t\t1978;\n\t\t\t\t\t45:\n\t\t\t\t\t284\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t287."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"510","article-title":"Efficiency of serial extraction and late premolar extraction cases treated with fixed appliances","volume":"139","author":"O'Shaughnessy","year":"2011","unstructured":"O'Shaughnessy\n KW,\n \n \n Koroluk\n LD,\n \n \n Phillips\n C,\n \n \n Kennedy\n DB.\n \n \n Efficiency of serial extraction and late premolar extraction cases treated with fixed appliances.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t139:\n\t\t\t\t\t510\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t516."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-6-743-b20","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"207","article-title":"Serial extraction or premolar extraction in the permanent dentition? Comparison of duration and outcome of orthodontic treatment","volume":"61","author":"Wagner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wagner\n M,\n \n \n Berg\n R.\n \n \n Serial extraction or premolar extraction in the permanent dentition? Comparison of duration and outcome of orthodontic treatment.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orofac Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t61:\n\t\t\t\t\t207\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t216."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/91\/6\/article-p743.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/91\/6\/743\/2936596\/i0003-3219-91-6-743.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/91\/6\/article-p743.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/91\/6\/article-p743.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T13:16:19Z","timestamp":1780060579000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/91\/6\/article-p743.xml"}},"subtitle":["Does it influence later orthodontic interventions?"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/020621-109.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}}}