{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:45:19Z","timestamp":1790628319542,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate reverse-sequencing chewing cycles (RSCC) and their kinematic parameters on both sides before and after correction with the Function Generating Bite (FGB) appliance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Forty-seven patients, 8.3 \u00b1 1.1 (mean \u00b1 SD) years of age, with unilateral posterior crossbite (35 on the right side, 12 on the left side) and 18 age-matched controls (9.1 \u00b1 0.8 years) were selected for the study from the orthodontic division of the University of Turin, Italy. The crossbite was corrected in all patients using FGB, and mandibular motion was recorded with a kinesiograph K-7 (Myotronics, Tukwila, Wash), during chewing on both sides of a soft and a hard bolus before and after correction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n After correction, the percentage of RSCC significantly decreased for soft and hard (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001) boluses and fell within the normal range for 75% of the patients. The indices of the chewing pattern (closure angle, axis, maximum lateral excursion) significantly improved (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001), becoming symmetric between sides.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The results of this study showed that the functional appliance, FGB, was able to lower the percentage of RSCC significantly, bringing them back to the normal range in 75% of cases, and to improve the kinematic parameters that become symmetric between sides.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/020917-98.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,3]],"date-time":"2017-08-03T09:50:17Z","timestamp":1501753817000},"page":"871-877","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Improvement of masticatory kinematic parameters after correction of unilateral posterior crossbite: Reasons for functional retention"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Piancino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Researcher, Interdepartmental Research Center (CIR) Dental School, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Surgical Sciences, Turin University, Turin, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Cordero-Ricardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosangela","family":"Cannavale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postdoctoral student, University of Turin, Turin, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Vallelonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate in Orthodontics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Garagiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Surgical and Dental Sciences, Maxillo-Facial and Odontostomatology Unit, FondazioneC\u00e0Granda IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Merlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Contract Professor, Motion Analysis Laboratory, Local Health Unit (AUSL) of Reggio Emilia, Department of Rehabilitation, Correggio, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b01","series-title":"Understanding Masticatory Function in Unilateral Crossbites","author":"Piancino \n MG.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Piancino \n MG.\n \n \n Kyrkanides \n S.\n \n \n Understanding Masticatory Function in Unilateral Crossbites. Ames, Ia: John Wiley & Sons;2016."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b02","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites","author":"Harrison \n JE.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Harrison \n JE.\n \n \n Ashby \n D.\n \n \n Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(1):CD000979."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"480","article-title":"Reverse-sequencing chewing patterns before and after treatment of children with a unilateral posterior crossbite","volume":"28","author":"Piancino \n MG.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Piancino \n MG.\n \n \n Talpone \n F.\n \n \n Dalmasso \n P.\n \n \n Debernardi \n C.\n \n \n Lewin \n A.\n \n \n Bracco \n P.\n \n \n Reverse-sequencing chewing patterns before and after treatment of children with a unilateral posterior crossbite. Eur J Orthod. 2006;28:480\u2013484."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"521","article-title":"Changes in the masticatory cycle following treatment of posterior unilateral crossbite in children","volume":"120","author":"Throckmorton \n GS.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Throckmorton \n GS.\n \n \n Buschang \n PH.\n \n \n Hayasaki \n H.\n \n \n Pinto \n AS.\n \n \n Changes in the masticatory cycle following treatment of posterior unilateral crossbite in children. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;120:521\u2013529."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b05","series-title":"Eur J Oral Sci","first-page":"122","article-title":"Muscular activation during reverse and non-reverse chewing cycles in unilateral posterior crossbite","volume":"117","author":"Piancino \n MG.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Piancino \n MG.\n \n \n Farina \n D.\n \n \n Talpone \n F.\n \n \n Merlo \n A.\n \n \n Bracco \n P.\n \n \n Muscular activation during reverse and non-reverse chewing cycles in unilateral posterior crossbite. Eur J Oral Sci. 2009;117:122\u2013128."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b06","series-title":"Electrognathographics: Atlas of Diagnostic Procedures and Interpretation","author":"Lewin \n A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lewin \n A.\n \n \n Electrognathographics: Atlas of Diagnostic Procedures and Interpretation. Berlin: Quintessence;1985."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"966","article-title":"Mandibular asymmetry in unilateral and bilateral posterior crossbite patients using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"81","author":"Veli \n I.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Veli \n I.\n \n \n Uysal \n T.\n \n \n Ozer \n T.\n \n \n Ucar \n FI.\n \n \n Eruz \n M.\n \n \n Mandibular asymmetry in unilateral and bilateral posterior crossbite patients using cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:966\u2013974."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b08","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"667","article-title":"Posterior crossbite and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs): need for orthodontic treatment?","volume":"34","author":"Thilander \n B.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thilander \n B.\n \n \n Bjerklin \n K.\n \n \n Posterior crossbite and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs): need for orthodontic treatment?\n Eur J Orthod. 2012;34:667\u2013673."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"146","article-title":"Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction and its association with malocclusion in children and adolescents: an epidemiologic study related to specified stages of dental development","volume":"72","author":"Thilander \n B.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thilander \n B.\n \n \n Rubio \n G.\n \n \n Pena \n L.\n \n \n de Mayorga \n C.\n \n \n Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction and its association with malocclusion in children and adolescents: an epidemiologic study related to specified stages of dental development. Angle Orthod. 2002;72:146\u2013154."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"57","article-title":"Functional and morphological-occlusal aspects in children treated for unilateral posterior cross-bite","volume":"15","author":"Ben-Bassat \n Y.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ben-Bassat \n Y.\n \n \n Yaffe \n A.\n \n \n Brin \n I.\n \n \n Freeman \n J.\n \n \n Ehrlich \n Y.\n \n \n Functional and morphological-occlusal aspects in children treated for unilateral posterior cross-bite. Eur J Orthod. 1993;15:57\u201363."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b11","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"61","article-title":"Effects of therapy on masseter activity and chewing kinematics in patients with unilateral posterior crossbite","volume":"67","author":"Piancino \n MG.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Piancino \n MG.\n \n \n Falla \n D.\n \n \n Merlo \n A.\n \n et al. \n Effects of therapy on masseter activity and chewing kinematics in patients with unilateral posterior crossbite. Arch Oral Biol. 2016;67:61\u201367."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b12","series-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol","first-page":"931","article-title":"Effect of bolus hardness on the chewing pattern and activation of masticatory muscles in subjects with normal dental occlusion","volume":"18","author":"Piancino \n MG.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Piancino \n MG.\n \n \n Bracco \n P.\n \n \n Vallelonga \n T.\n \n \n Merlo \n A.\n \n \n Farina \n D.\n \n \n Effect of bolus hardness on the chewing pattern and activation of masticatory muscles in subjects with normal dental occlusion. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2008;18:931\u2013937."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"173","article-title":"Skeletal and functional effects of treatment for unilateral posterior crossbite","volume":"109","author":"Brin \n I.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brin \n I.\n \n \n Ben-Bassat \n Y.\n \n \n Blustein \n Y.\n \n et al. \n Skeletal and functional effects of treatment for unilateral posterior crossbite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;109:173\u2013179."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"620","article-title":"Relationship between masticatory cycle morphology and unilateral crossbite in the primary dentition","volume":"33","author":"Sever \n E.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sever \n E.\n \n \n Marion \n L.\n \n \n Ovsenik \n M.\n \n \n Relationship between masticatory cycle morphology and unilateral crossbite in the primary dentition. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:620\u2013627."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b15","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"723","article-title":"Mandibular kinematic changes after unilateral cross-bite with lateral shift correction","volume":"41","author":"Venancio \n F.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Venancio \n F.\n \n \n Alarcon \n JA.\n \n \n Lenguas \n L.\n \n \n Kassem \n M.\n \n \n Martin \n C.\n \n \n Mandibular kinematic changes after unilateral cross-bite with lateral shift correction. J Oral Rehabil. 2014;41:723\u2013729."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b16","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"333","article-title":"The determination of optimal human jaw movements based on their association with chewing performance","volume":"39","author":"Wilding \n RJ.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wilding \n RJ.\n \n \n Lewin \n A.\n \n \n The determination of optimal human jaw movements based on their association with chewing performance. Arch Oral Biol. 1994;39:333\u2013343."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"513","article-title":"and positional asymmetries of young children with functional unilateral posterior crossbite","volume":"120","author":"Pinto \n AS.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pinto \n AS.\n \n \n Buschang \n PH.\n \n \n Throckmorton \n GS.\n \n \n Chen P.\n Morphological \n \n \n and positional asymmetries of young children with functional unilateral posterior crossbite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;120:513\u2013520."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b01","series-title":"Understanding Masticatory Function in Unilateral Crossbites","author":"Piancino \n MG.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Piancino \n MG.\n \n \n Kyrkanides \n S.\n \n \n Understanding Masticatory Function in Unilateral Crossbites. Ames, Ia: John Wiley & Sons;2016."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b02","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites","author":"Harrison \n JE.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Harrison \n JE.\n \n \n Ashby \n D.\n \n \n Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(1):CD000979."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b03","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"480","article-title":"Reverse-sequencing chewing patterns before and after treatment of children with a unilateral posterior crossbite","volume":"28","author":"Piancino \n MG.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Piancino \n MG.\n \n \n Talpone \n F.\n \n \n Dalmasso \n P.\n \n \n Debernardi \n C.\n \n \n Lewin \n A.\n \n \n Bracco \n P.\n \n \n Reverse-sequencing chewing patterns before and after treatment of children with a unilateral posterior crossbite. Eur J Orthod. 2006;28:480\u2013484."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"521","article-title":"Changes in the masticatory cycle following treatment of posterior unilateral crossbite in children","volume":"120","author":"Throckmorton \n GS.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Throckmorton \n GS.\n \n \n Buschang \n PH.\n \n \n Hayasaki \n H.\n \n \n Pinto \n AS.\n \n \n Changes in the masticatory cycle following treatment of posterior unilateral crossbite in children. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;120:521\u2013529."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b05","series-title":"Eur J Oral Sci","first-page":"122","article-title":"Muscular activation during reverse and non-reverse chewing cycles in unilateral posterior crossbite","volume":"117","author":"Piancino \n MG.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Piancino \n MG.\n \n \n Farina \n D.\n \n \n Talpone \n F.\n \n \n Merlo \n A.\n \n \n Bracco \n P.\n \n \n Muscular activation during reverse and non-reverse chewing cycles in unilateral posterior crossbite. Eur J Oral Sci. 2009;117:122\u2013128."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b06","series-title":"Electrognathographics: Atlas of Diagnostic Procedures and Interpretation","author":"Lewin \n A.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lewin \n A.\n \n \n Electrognathographics: Atlas of Diagnostic Procedures and Interpretation. Berlin: Quintessence;1985."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"966","article-title":"Mandibular asymmetry in unilateral and bilateral posterior crossbite patients using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"81","author":"Veli \n I.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Veli \n I.\n \n \n Uysal \n T.\n \n \n Ozer \n T.\n \n \n Ucar \n FI.\n \n \n Eruz \n M.\n \n \n Mandibular asymmetry in unilateral and bilateral posterior crossbite patients using cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:966\u2013974."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b08","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"667","article-title":"Posterior crossbite and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs): need for orthodontic treatment?","volume":"34","author":"Thilander \n B.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thilander \n B.\n \n \n Bjerklin \n K.\n \n \n Posterior crossbite and temporomandibular disorders (TMDs): need for orthodontic treatment?\n Eur J Orthod. 2012;34:667\u2013673."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"146","article-title":"Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction and its association with malocclusion in children and adolescents: an epidemiologic study related to specified stages of dental development","volume":"72","author":"Thilander \n B.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thilander \n B.\n \n \n Rubio \n G.\n \n \n Pena \n L.\n \n \n de Mayorga \n C.\n \n \n Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction and its association with malocclusion in children and adolescents: an epidemiologic study related to specified stages of dental development. Angle Orthod. 2002;72:146\u2013154."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"57","article-title":"Functional and morphological-occlusal aspects in children treated for unilateral posterior cross-bite","volume":"15","author":"Ben-Bassat \n Y.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ben-Bassat \n Y.\n \n \n Yaffe \n A.\n \n \n Brin \n I.\n \n \n Freeman \n J.\n \n \n Ehrlich \n Y.\n \n \n Functional and morphological-occlusal aspects in children treated for unilateral posterior cross-bite. Eur J Orthod. 1993;15:57\u201363."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b11","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"61","article-title":"Effects of therapy on masseter activity and chewing kinematics in patients with unilateral posterior crossbite","volume":"67","author":"Piancino \n MG.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Piancino \n MG.\n \n \n Falla \n D.\n \n \n Merlo \n A.\n \n et al. \n Effects of therapy on masseter activity and chewing kinematics in patients with unilateral posterior crossbite. Arch Oral Biol. 2016;67:61\u201367."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b12","series-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol","first-page":"931","article-title":"Effect of bolus hardness on the chewing pattern and activation of masticatory muscles in subjects with normal dental occlusion","volume":"18","author":"Piancino \n MG.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Piancino \n MG.\n \n \n Bracco \n P.\n \n \n Vallelonga \n T.\n \n \n Merlo \n A.\n \n \n Farina \n D.\n \n \n Effect of bolus hardness on the chewing pattern and activation of masticatory muscles in subjects with normal dental occlusion. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2008;18:931\u2013937."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"173","article-title":"Skeletal and functional effects of treatment for unilateral posterior crossbite","volume":"109","author":"Brin \n I.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brin \n I.\n \n \n Ben-Bassat \n Y.\n \n \n Blustein \n Y.\n \n et al. \n Skeletal and functional effects of treatment for unilateral posterior crossbite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;109:173\u2013179."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"620","article-title":"Relationship between masticatory cycle morphology and unilateral crossbite in the primary dentition","volume":"33","author":"Sever \n E.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sever \n E.\n \n \n Marion \n L.\n \n \n Ovsenik \n M.\n \n \n Relationship between masticatory cycle morphology and unilateral crossbite in the primary dentition. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:620\u2013627."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b15","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"723","article-title":"Mandibular kinematic changes after unilateral cross-bite with lateral shift correction","volume":"41","author":"Venancio \n F.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Venancio \n F.\n \n \n Alarcon \n JA.\n \n \n Lenguas \n L.\n \n \n Kassem \n M.\n \n \n Martin \n C.\n \n \n Mandibular kinematic changes after unilateral cross-bite with lateral shift correction. J Oral Rehabil. 2014;41:723\u2013729."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b16","series-title":"Arch Oral Biol","first-page":"333","article-title":"The determination of optimal human jaw movements based on their association with chewing performance","volume":"39","author":"Wilding \n RJ.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wilding \n RJ.\n \n \n Lewin \n A.\n \n \n The determination of optimal human jaw movements based on their association with chewing performance. Arch Oral Biol. 1994;39:333\u2013343."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-871-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"513","article-title":"and positional asymmetries of young children with functional unilateral posterior crossbite","volume":"120","author":"Pinto \n AS.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pinto \n AS.\n \n \n Buschang \n PH.\n \n \n Throckmorton \n GS.\n \n \n Chen P.\n Morphological \n \n \n and positional asymmetries of young children with functional unilateral posterior crossbite. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;120:513\u2013520."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/87\/6\/article-p871.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/87\/6\/871\/1385009\/020917-98_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/87\/6\/article-p871.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/87\/6\/article-p871.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:24:16Z","timestamp":1780068256000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/87\/6\/article-p871.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/020917-98.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}}}