{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:38:48Z","timestamp":1792024728740,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To compare deep overbite treatment using 0.016 \u00d7 0.022 nickel-titanium lower reverse curve of Spee archwire (LRCA) or metal anterior bite turbos (ABTs).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n 48 patients with deep overbite malocclusion were randomly allocated into two groups. Group I (age = 18.4 \u00b1 2.8 years, overbite = 5.8 \u00b1 0.6 mm) was treated with LRCA, while Group II (age = 18.2 \u00b1 3.1 years, overbite = 5.2 \u00b1 0.4 mm) was treated with ABTs bonded to the palatal surface of the upper central incisors. Two cephalograms were taken for each patient, at post-alignment stage (T1) and post-leveling stage (T2). The primary outcomes were the anteroposterior and vertical changes of the lower teeth. The secondary outcomes were the effect on upper incisor inclination and the vertical linear changes of upper teeth, to assess the sagittal and vertical skeletal changes, and to compare the duration of overbite correction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n 42 of the 48 patients recruited completed the study (21 in each group). At T2, the lower incisors proclined more in Group I (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2264 .001). Both lower second molars (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2264 .001) and lower first molars (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .001) tipped more distally, while the lower first premolar tipped more mesially, in Group I (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05). All cusps of both lower molars showed more extrusion in Group II (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05) except for the mesial cusp of lower second molars (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .095). The duration of overbite correction was shorter using the ABTs by 1.7 months (4.85 \u00b1 1.56 and 3.15 \u00b1 0.93 months for Group I and Group II, respectively).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n LRCA causes lower incisor proclination with distal tipping of lower molars, while ABTs result in lower posterior tooth extrusion.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/020921-117.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T13:09:14Z","timestamp":1627650554000},"page":"36-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["A comparative study between the effect of reverse curve of Spee archwires and anterior bite turbos in the treatment of deep overbite cases:"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Ekram M.","family":"Al-Zoubi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazem S.","family":"Al-Nimri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"237","article-title":"A longitudinal study of anterior vertical overbite from eight to twenty years of age","volume":"58","author":"Bergersen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bergersen\n EO.\n \n \n A longitudinal study of anterior vertical overbite from eight to twenty years of age.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1988;\n\t\t\t\t\t58:\n\t\t\t\t\t237\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t256."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b02","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"43","article-title":"Management of overbite by controlling incisor and molar movements","volume":"6","author":"Sadowsky","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sadowsky\n C,\n \n \n Sellke\n T.\n \n \n Management of overbite by controlling incisor and molar movements.\n\t\t\t\t\tSemin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t6:\n\t\t\t\t\t43\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t49."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"526","article-title":"Documented leveling of the lower arch using metallic implants for reference","volume":"63","author":"Mitchell","year":"1973","unstructured":"Mitchell\n DL,\n \n \n Stewart\n WL.\n \n \n Documented leveling of the lower arch using metallic implants for reference.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1973;\n\t\t\t\t\t63:\n\t\t\t\t\t526\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t532."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b04","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"53","article-title":"The effect of Andresen, Harvold, and Begg treatment on overbite and molar eruption","volume":"13","author":"Ball","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ball\n JV,\n \n \n Hunt\n N.\n \n \n The effect of Andresen, Harvold, and Begg treatment on overbite and molar eruption.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1991;\n\t\t\t\t\t13:\n\t\t\t\t\t53\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t58."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"19","article-title":"The control of vertical overbite in clinical orthodontics","volume":"38","author":"Schudy","year":"1968","unstructured":"Schudy\n FF.\n \n \n The control of vertical overbite in clinical orthodontics.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1968;\n\t\t\t\t\t38:\n\t\t\t\t\t19\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t39."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"72","article-title":"A comparison of the Ricketts and Tweed-type arch leveling techniques","volume":"95","author":"Dake","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dake\n ML,\n \n \n Sinclair\n PM.\n \n \n A comparison of the Ricketts and Tweed-type arch leveling techniques.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1989;\n\t\t\t\t\t95:\n\t\t\t\t\t72\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t78."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"647","article-title":"Evaluation of continuous arch and segmented arch leveling techniques in adult patients","volume":"110","author":"Weiland","year":"1996","unstructured":"Weiland\n FJ,\n \n \n Bantleon\n HP,\n \n \n Droschl\n H.\n \n \n Evaluation of continuous arch and segmented arch leveling techniques in adult patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t110:\n\t\t\t\t\t647\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t652."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b08","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"90","article-title":"The relationship between the curve of Spee, relapse, and the Alexander discipline","volume":"7","author":"Carcara,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Carcara,\n S,\n \n \n Preston,\n CB,\n \n \n Jureyda,\n O.\n \n \n The relationship between the curve of Spee, relapse, and the Alexander discipline.\n\t\t\t\t\tSemin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;\n\t\t\t\t\t7:\n\t\t\t\t\t90\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t99."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"363","article-title":"Leveling the curve of Spee with a continuous archwire technique: a long term cephalometric study","volume":"131","author":"Bernstein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bernstein\n RL,\n \n \n Preston\n CB,\n \n \n Lampasso\n J.\n \n \n Leveling the curve of Spee with a continuous archwire technique: a long term cephalometric study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t131:\n\t\t\t\t\t363\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t371."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Oral Surg","first-page":"721","article-title":"Bite plates, their application and action","volume":"24","author":"Hemley","year":"1938","unstructured":"Hemley\n S.\n \n \n Bite plates, their application and action.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Oral Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t1938;\n\t\t\t\t\t24:\n\t\t\t\t\t721\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t736."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"880","article-title":"Maxillary incisor proclination effect on the position of point A in Class II division 2 malocclusion","volume":"79","author":"Al-Nimri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Al-Nimri\n KS,\n \n \n Hazza'a\n AM,\n \n \n Al-Omari\n RM.\n \n \n Maxillary incisor proclination effect on the position of point A in Class II division 2 malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t79:\n\t\t\t\t\t880\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t884."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"368","article-title":"A principle of arcial growth of the mandible","volume":"42","author":"Ricketts","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ricketts\n RM.\n \n \n A principle of arcial growth of the mandible.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1972;\n\t\t\t\t\t42:\n\t\t\t\t\t368\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t386."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b13","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"214","article-title":"Bioprogressive therapy: overbite reduction with the lower utility arch","volume":"10","author":"Greig","year":"1983","unstructured":"Greig\n D.\n \n \n Bioprogressive therapy: overbite reduction with the lower utility arch.\n\t\t\t\t\tBr J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1983;\n\t\t\t\t\t10:\n\t\t\t\t\t214\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t216."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b14","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics. 5th ed","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment planning","author":"Proffit","year":"2013","unstructured":"Proffit\n WR,\n \n \n Sarver\n DM,\n \n \n Ackerman\n JL.\n \n \n Diagnosis and treatment planning.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn:ProffitWR,HW,FieldsSarverDM,eds.Contemporary Orthodontics. 5th ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tSt. Louis, MO:\n\t\t\t\t\tElsevier\/Mosby;2013:\n\t\t\t\t\t197."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b15","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"349","article-title":"The influence of lower face vertical proportion on facial attractiveness","volume":"27","author":"Johnston","year":"2005","unstructured":"Johnston\n DJ,\n \n \n Hunt\n O,\n \n \n Johnston\n CD,\n \n \n Burden\n DJ,\n \n \n Stevenson\n M,\n \n \n Hepper\n P.\n \n \n The influence of lower face vertical proportion on facial attractiveness.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t27:\n\t\t\t\t\t349\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t354."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b16","series-title":"Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput","first-page":"1","article-title":"GPOWER: a general power analysis program","volume":"28","author":"Erdfelder","year":"1996","unstructured":"Erdfelder\n E,\n \n \n Faul\n F,\n \n \n Buchner\n A.\n \n \n GPOWER: a general power analysis program.\n\t\t\t\t\tBehav Res Methods Instrum Comput.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t28:\n\t\t\t\t\t1\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t11."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"522","article-title":"A comparison of the effects of rectangular and round archwires in leveling the curve of Spee","volume":"116","author":"Alqabandi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Alqabandi\n AK,\n \n \n Sadowsky\n C,\n \n \n Begole\n EA.\n \n \n A comparison of the effects of rectangular and round archwires in leveling the curve of Spee.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1999;\n\t\t\t\t\t116:\n\t\t\t\t\t522\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t529."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b18","series-title":"J Hacettepe Fac Dent","first-page":"10","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of fixed anterior biteplane treatment on the dental and skeletal structures and masticatory muscles in patients with deep bite","volume":"34","author":"Akarsu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Akarsu\n B,\n \n \n Ciger\n S.\n \n \n Evaluation of the effects of fixed anterior biteplane treatment on the dental and skeletal structures and masticatory muscles in patients with deep bite.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Hacettepe Fac Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t34:\n\t\t\t\t\t10\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t22."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"212","article-title":"Consistency of orthodontic treatment decisions relative to diagnostic records","volume":"100","author":"Han","year":"1991","unstructured":"Han\n UK,\n \n \n Vig\n KW,\n \n \n Weintraub\n JA,\n \n \n Vig\n PS,\n \n \n Kowalski\n CJ.\n \n \n Consistency of orthodontic treatment decisions relative to diagnostic records.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1991;\n\t\t\t\t\t100:\n\t\t\t\t\t212\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t219."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"175","article-title":"How important are lateral cephalometric radiographs in orthodontic treatment planning","volume":"13","author":"Devereux","year":"2011","unstructured":"Devereux\n L,\n \n \n Moles\n D,\n \n \n Cunningham\n SJ,\n \n \n McKnight\n M.\n \n \n How important are lateral cephalometric radiographs in orthodontic treatment planning.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t13:\n\t\t\t\t\t175\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t181."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b21","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"62","article-title":"Overbite correction and smile aesthetics","volume":"11","author":"Lindauer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lindauer\n SJ,\n \n \n Lewis\n SM,\n \n \n Shroff\n B.\n \n \n Overbite correction and smile aesthetics.\n\t\t\t\t\tSemin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t11:\n\t\t\t\t\t62\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t66."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"237","article-title":"A longitudinal study of anterior vertical overbite from eight to twenty years of age","volume":"58","author":"Bergersen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bergersen\n EO.\n \n \n A longitudinal study of anterior vertical overbite from eight to twenty years of age.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1988;\n\t\t\t\t\t58:\n\t\t\t\t\t237\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t256."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b02","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"43","article-title":"Management of overbite by controlling incisor and molar movements","volume":"6","author":"Sadowsky","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sadowsky\n C,\n \n \n Sellke\n T.\n \n \n Management of overbite by controlling incisor and molar movements.\n\t\t\t\t\tSemin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t6:\n\t\t\t\t\t43\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t49."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"526","article-title":"Documented leveling of the lower arch using metallic implants for reference","volume":"63","author":"Mitchell","year":"1973","unstructured":"Mitchell\n DL,\n \n \n Stewart\n WL.\n \n \n Documented leveling of the lower arch using metallic implants for reference.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1973;\n\t\t\t\t\t63:\n\t\t\t\t\t526\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t532."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b04","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"53","article-title":"The effect of Andresen, Harvold, and Begg treatment on overbite and molar eruption","volume":"13","author":"Ball","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ball\n JV,\n \n \n Hunt\n N.\n \n \n The effect of Andresen, Harvold, and Begg treatment on overbite and molar eruption.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1991;\n\t\t\t\t\t13:\n\t\t\t\t\t53\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t58."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"19","article-title":"The control of vertical overbite in clinical orthodontics","volume":"38","author":"Schudy","year":"1968","unstructured":"Schudy\n FF.\n \n \n The control of vertical overbite in clinical orthodontics.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1968;\n\t\t\t\t\t38:\n\t\t\t\t\t19\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t39."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"72","article-title":"A comparison of the Ricketts and Tweed-type arch leveling techniques","volume":"95","author":"Dake","year":"1989","unstructured":"Dake\n ML,\n \n \n Sinclair\n PM.\n \n \n A comparison of the Ricketts and Tweed-type arch leveling techniques.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1989;\n\t\t\t\t\t95:\n\t\t\t\t\t72\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t78."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"647","article-title":"Evaluation of continuous arch and segmented arch leveling techniques in adult patients","volume":"110","author":"Weiland","year":"1996","unstructured":"Weiland\n FJ,\n \n \n Bantleon\n HP,\n \n \n Droschl\n H.\n \n \n Evaluation of continuous arch and segmented arch leveling techniques in adult patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1996;\n\t\t\t\t\t110:\n\t\t\t\t\t647\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t652."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b08","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"90","article-title":"The relationship between the curve of Spee, relapse, and the Alexander discipline","volume":"7","author":"Carcara,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Carcara,\n S,\n \n \n Preston,\n CB,\n \n \n Jureyda,\n O.\n \n \n The relationship between the curve of Spee, relapse, and the Alexander discipline.\n\t\t\t\t\tSemin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;\n\t\t\t\t\t7:\n\t\t\t\t\t90\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t99."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"363","article-title":"Leveling the curve of Spee with a continuous archwire technique: a long term cephalometric study","volume":"131","author":"Bernstein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bernstein\n RL,\n \n \n Preston\n CB,\n \n \n Lampasso\n J.\n \n \n Leveling the curve of Spee with a continuous archwire technique: a long term cephalometric study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t131:\n\t\t\t\t\t363\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t371."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Oral Surg","first-page":"721","article-title":"Bite plates, their application and action","volume":"24","author":"Hemley","year":"1938","unstructured":"Hemley\n S.\n \n \n Bite plates, their application and action.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Oral Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t1938;\n\t\t\t\t\t24:\n\t\t\t\t\t721\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t736."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"880","article-title":"Maxillary incisor proclination effect on the position of point A in Class II division 2 malocclusion","volume":"79","author":"Al-Nimri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Al-Nimri\n KS,\n \n \n Hazza'a\n AM,\n \n \n Al-Omari\n RM.\n \n \n Maxillary incisor proclination effect on the position of point A in Class II division 2 malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t79:\n\t\t\t\t\t880\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t884."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"368","article-title":"A principle of arcial growth of the mandible","volume":"42","author":"Ricketts","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ricketts\n RM.\n \n \n A principle of arcial growth of the mandible.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1972;\n\t\t\t\t\t42:\n\t\t\t\t\t368\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t386."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b13","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"214","article-title":"Bioprogressive therapy: overbite reduction with the lower utility arch","volume":"10","author":"Greig","year":"1983","unstructured":"Greig\n D.\n \n \n Bioprogressive therapy: overbite reduction with the lower utility arch.\n\t\t\t\t\tBr J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1983;\n\t\t\t\t\t10:\n\t\t\t\t\t214\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t216."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b14","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics. 5th ed","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment planning","author":"Proffit","year":"2013","unstructured":"Proffit\n WR,\n \n \n Sarver\n DM,\n \n \n Ackerman\n JL.\n \n \n Diagnosis and treatment planning.\n\t\t\t\t\tIn:ProffitWR,HW,FieldsSarverDM,eds.Contemporary Orthodontics. 5th ed.\n\t\t\t\t\tSt. Louis, MO:\n\t\t\t\t\tElsevier\/Mosby;2013:\n\t\t\t\t\t197."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b15","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"349","article-title":"The influence of lower face vertical proportion on facial attractiveness","volume":"27","author":"Johnston","year":"2005","unstructured":"Johnston\n DJ,\n \n \n Hunt\n O,\n \n \n Johnston\n CD,\n \n \n Burden\n DJ,\n \n \n Stevenson\n M,\n \n \n Hepper\n P.\n \n \n The influence of lower face vertical proportion on facial attractiveness.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t27:\n\t\t\t\t\t349\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t354."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-36-b16","series-title":"Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput","first-page":"1","article-title":"GPOWER: a general power analysis 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Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t11:\n\t\t\t\t\t62\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t66."}],"container-title":["The Angle 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