{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:26:38Z","timestamp":1789424798714,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To evaluate whether mandibular setback surgery (MSS) for Class III patients would produce gradients of three-dimensional (3D) soft tissue changes in the vertical and transverse aspects.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The samples consisted of 26 Class III patients treated with MSS using bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Lateral cephalograms and 3D facial scan images were taken before and 6\u00a0months after MSS, and changes in landmarks and variables were measured using a Rapidform 2006. Paired and independent <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-tests were performed for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Landmarks in the upper lip and mouth corner (cheilion, Ch) moved backward and downward (respectively, cupid bow point, 1.0\u00a0mm and 0.3\u00a0mm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01; alar curvature-Ch midpoint, 0.6\u00a0mm and 0.3\u00a0mm, both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001; Ch, 3.4\u00a0mm and 0.8\u00a0mm, both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). However, landmarks in stomion (Stm), lower lip, and chin moved backward (Stm, 1.6\u00a0mm; labrale inferius [Li], 6.9\u00a0mm; LLBP, 6.9\u00a0mm; B\u2032, 6.7\u00a0mm; Pog\u2032, 6.7\u00a0mm; Me\u2032, 6.6\u00a0mm; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001, respectively). Width and height of upper and lower lip were not altered significantly except for a decrease of lower vermilion height (Stm-Li, 1.7\u00a0mm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). Chin height (B\u2032-Me\u2032) was decreased because of backward and upward movement of Me\u2032 (3.1\u00a0mm, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). Although upper lip projection angle and Stm-transverse projection angle became acute (Ch<jats:sub>Rt<\/jats:sub>-Ls-Ch<jats:sub>Lt<\/jats:sub>, 5.7\u00b0; Ch<jats:sub>Rt<\/jats:sub>-Stm-Ch<jats:sub>Lt<\/jats:sub>, 6.4\u00b0, both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) because of the greater backward movement of Ch than Stm, lower lip projection angle and Stm-vertical projection angle became obtuse (Ch<jats:sub>Rt<\/jats:sub>-Li-Ch<jats:sub>Lt<\/jats:sub>, 10.8\u00b0; Ls-Stm-Li, 23.5\u00b0, both <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) because of the larger backward movement of Li than labrale superius (Ls).<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Three-dimensional soft tissue changes in Class III patients after MSS exhibited increased gradients from upper lip and lower lip to chin as well as from Stm to Ch.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/021210-90.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]],"date-time":"2010-06-25T19:52:36Z","timestamp":1277495556000},"page":"896-903","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Three-dimensional evaluation of soft tissue change gradients after mandibular setback surgery in skeletal Class III malocclusion"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Yong-Kyu","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Hye","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Yul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il-Hyung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hak","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-80-5-896-b01","series-title":"J Oral Surg","first-page":"269","article-title":"Cephalometrics for orthognathic surgery.","volume":"36","author":"Burstone, C. 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How the lower face soft tissue changes after mandibular advancement or setback.J Craniofac Surg2008. 19:593\u2013598."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/80\/5\/article-p896.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/80\/5\/article-p896.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/80\/5\/article-p896.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:52:19Z","timestamp":1747356739000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/80\/5\/article-p896.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/021210-90.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}}}