{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:07:24Z","timestamp":1780070844158,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n To test the null hypothesis of no significant difference between intraoral pressure characteristics in infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP) with or without presurgical orthopedic (PSO) plates (groups CLP and CLP-PSO), compared with noncleft infants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n \n Intraoral atmospheric pressure assessments were performed on 17 subjects with preoperative CLP (m\/f, 11\/6; mean\/SD, 4.76\/0.92 months) and a matched control group (n = 24; m\/f, 15\/9; mean\/SD, 4.88\/0.9 months), for 200 seconds, simultaneously at the vestibulum (vestibular space [VS]) and at the palate (subpalatal space [SPS]), using a prepared pacifier connected to a digital manometer. Areas under the pressure curves (AUC), frequencies, durations, and magnitudes of swallowing peaks and pressure resting plateaus were compared between trial groups and locations (VS, SPS) using a two-factor analysis of variance for repeated measures, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney\n U<\/jats:italic>\n -test (\u03b1 = .05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n \n The null hypothesis was rejected: Globally, there were statistically significant differences in intraoral pressure characteristics between groups CLP, CLP-PSO, and control (all\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .01), with significantly higher negative pressures (AUC) in the control subjects compared with those of CLP or CLP-PSO. There were significant effects by the location of pressure recordings (VS, SPS) and their interaction with all treatment groups. Differences between noncleft and CLP subjects were more pronounced in the VS than in the SPS. There was no significant effect by PSO.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n PSO does not improve deviated swallowing characteristics during suction in CLP infants.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/021215-98.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,20]],"date-time":"2015-05-20T11:37:01Z","timestamp":1432121821000},"page":"315-323","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Presurgical orthopedics by drink plates does not significantly normalize deglutition in infants with cleft lip and palate"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Kn\u00f6sel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Fendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Fellow and Medical Student, University Medical Center Giessen & Marburg, Giessen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Lecturer and Biostatistician, Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen, G\u00f6ttingen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfried G.","family":"Engelke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r1","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"271","article-title":"Sucking habits and their influence on swallowing pattern and prevalence of malocclusion","volume":"1","author":"Melsen\n B,","year":"1979","unstructured":"Melsen\n B, \n \n Stensgaard\n K, \n \n Pedersen\n J. \n \n Sucking habits and their influence on swallowing pattern and prevalence of malocclusion. Eur J Orthod. 1979;1:271\u2013280."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r2","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"113","article-title":"Relationships between swallowing pattern, mode of respiration, and development of malocclusion","volume":"57","author":"Melsen\n B,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Melsen\n B, \n \n Attina\n L, \n \n Santuari\n M, \n \n Attina\n A. \n \n Relationships between swallowing pattern, mode of respiration, and development of malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 1987;57:113\u2013120."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r3","series-title":"Scand J Dent Res","first-page":"323","article-title":"Sucking habits and their relation to posterior cross-bite in 4-year-old children","volume":"90","author":"Mod\u00e9er\n T,","year":"1982","unstructured":"Mod\u00e9er\n T, \n \n Odenrick\n L, \n \n Lindner\n A. \n \n Sucking habits and their relation to posterior cross-bite in 4-year-old children. Scand J Dent Res. 1982;90:323\u2013328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r4","series-title":"Scand J Dent Res","first-page":"278","article-title":"Relation between sucking habits and dental characteristics in preschool children with unilateral cross-bite","volume":"97","author":"Lindner\n A,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lindner\n A, \n \n Mod\u00e9er\n T. \n \n Relation between sucking habits and dental characteristics in preschool children with unilateral cross-bite. Scand J Dent Res. 1989;97:278\u2013283."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r5","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"523","article-title":"The distribution of clefts of the primary and secondary palates by sex, type, and location","volume":"69","author":"Shapira\n Y,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shapira\n Y, \n \n Lubit\n E, \n \n Kuftinec\n MM, \n \n Borell\n G. \n \n The distribution of clefts of the primary and secondary palates by sex, type, and location. Angle Orthod. 1999;69:523\u2013528."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r6","series-title":"Cleft Palate J","first-page":"216","article-title":"Incidence of cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate among races: a review","volume":"24","author":"Vanderas\n AP.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vanderas\n AP. \n \n Incidence of cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate among races: a review. Cleft Palate J. 1987;24:216\u2013225."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r7","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"58","article-title":"Oral clefts, maternal smoking, and TGFA: a meta-analysis of gene-environment interaction","volume":"42","author":"Zeiger\n JS,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zeiger\n JS, \n \n Beaty\n TH, \n \n Liang\n KY. \n \n Oral clefts, maternal smoking, and TGFA: a meta-analysis of gene-environment interaction. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2005;42:58\u201363."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r8","series-title":"Revista Colombiana de Investigaci\u00f3n en Odontolog\u00eda","first-page":"193","article-title":"Development on the maxillary of patients with a unilateral total cleft with the use of a orthopedic plate. Two-dimensional cast analysis","volume":"1","author":"Garc\u00eda Abuabara\n AN,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda Abuabara\n AN, \n \n Drescher\n D. \n \n Development on the maxillary of patients with a unilateral total cleft with the use of a orthopedic plate. Two-dimensional cast analysis. Revista Colombiana de Investigaci\u00f3n en Odontolog\u00eda. 2010;1:193\u2013201."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r9","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"171","article-title":"Infant orthopedics in UCLP: effect on feeding, weight, and length: A randomized clinical trial (Dutchcleft)","volume":"42","author":"Prahl\n C,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Prahl\n C, \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman\n AM, \n \n Van 't Hof\n MA, \n \n Prahl-Andersen\n B. \n \n Infant orthopedics in UCLP: effect on feeding, weight, and length: A randomized clinical trial (Dutchcleft). Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2005;42:171\u2013177."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r10","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"53","article-title":"A preoperative appliance for a newborn with cleft palate","volume":"46","author":"Karayazgan\n B,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Karayazgan\n B, \n \n Gunay\n Y, \n \n Gurbuzer\n B, \n \n Erkan\n M, \n \n Atay\n A. \n \n A preoperative appliance for a newborn with cleft palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2009;46:53\u201357."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r11","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"587","article-title":"Long term effects of presurgical infant orthopedics in patients with cleft lip and palate: a systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Uzel\n A,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Uzel\n A, \n \n Alparslan\n ZN. \n \n Long term effects of presurgical infant orthopedics in patients with cleft lip and palate: a systematic review. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2011;48:587\u2013595."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r12","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"5","article-title":"Presurgical orthopedics has no effect on archform in unilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"49","author":"Adali\n N,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adali\n N, \n \n Mars\n M, \n \n Petrie\n A, \n \n Noar\n J, \n \n Sommerlad\n B. \n \n Presurgical orthopedics has no effect on archform in unilateral cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2012;49:5\u201313."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"317","article-title":"Measurement of intra-oral negative air pressure during dummy sucking in human newborn","volume":"13","author":"Lindner\n A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lindner\n A. \n \n Measurement of intra-oral negative air pressure during dummy sucking in human newborn. Eur J Orthod. 1991;13:317\u2013321."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r14","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"312","article-title":"Sucking performance of babies with cleft conditions","volume":"44","author":"Reid\n J,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reid\n J, \n \n Reilly\n S, \n \n Kilpatrick\n N. \n \n Sucking performance of babies with cleft conditions. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2007;44:312\u2013320."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r15","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1624","article-title":"Are children with clefts underweight for age at the time of primary surgery","volume":"103","author":"Lazarus\n DD,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lazarus\n DD, \n \n Hudson\n DA, \n \n Fleming\n AN, \n \n Goddard\n EA, \n \n Fernandes\n DB. \n \n Are children with clefts underweight for age at the time of primary surgery? Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;103:1624\u20131629."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"729","article-title":"The postural basis of malocclusion: a philosophical overview","volume":"126","author":"Mew\n JRC.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mew\n JRC. \n \n The postural basis of malocclusion: a philosophical overview. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126:729\u2013738."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r17","series-title":"Clin Oral Invest","first-page":"165","article-title":"Intra-oral compartment pressures: a biofunctional model and experimental measurements under different conditions of posture","volume":"15","author":"Engelke\n W,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Engelke\n W, \n \n Jung\n K, \n \n Kn\u00f6sel\n M. \n \n Intra-oral compartment pressures: a biofunctional model and experimental measurements under different conditions of posture. Clin Oral Invest. 2011;15:165\u2013176."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r18","series-title":"Dtsch Zahnarztl Z","first-page":"282","article-title":"Die Dynamik des interokklusalen Unterdruckes","volume":"22","author":"Fr\u00e4nkel\n R.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Fr\u00e4nkel\n R. \n \n Die Dynamik des interokklusalen Unterdruckes. Dtsch Zahnarztl Z. 1967;22:282\u2013290."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r19","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"574","article-title":"Statistical signal processing methods for intra-oral pressure curve analysis in orthodontics","volume":"34","author":"Jung\n K,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jung\n K, \n \n Engelke\n W, \n \n Kn\u00f6sel\n M. \n \n Statistical signal processing methods for intra-oral pressure curve analysis in orthodontics. Eur J Orthod. 2011;34:574\u2013582."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r20","series-title":"Nonparametric Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Factorial Experiments","first-page":"119","author":"Brunner\n E,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Brunner\n E, \n \n Domhof\n S, \n \n Langer\n F. \n \n Nonparametric Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Factorial Experiments. New York:Wiley; 2002:119\u2013174."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"45","article-title":"The measurement of variations in intraoral air pressure","volume":"40","author":"Day\n AJ,","year":"1970","unstructured":"Day\n AJ, \n \n Foster\n TD. \n \n The measurement of variations in intraoral air pressure. Angle Orthod. 1970;40:45\u201350."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r22","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"299","article-title":"Cheek and tongue pressures in the molar areas and the atmospheric pressure in the palatal vault in young adults","volume":"21","author":"Th\u00fcer\n U,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Th\u00fcer\n U, \n \n Sieber\n R, \n \n Ingervall\n B. \n \n Cheek and tongue pressures in the molar areas and the atmospheric pressure in the palatal vault in young adults. Eur J Orthod. 1999;21:299\u2013309."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r23","series-title":"Dysphagia","first-page":"237","article-title":"Measuring intraoral pressure: adaptation of a dental appliance allows measurement during function","volume":"23","author":"Kieser\n J,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kieser\n J, \n \n Singh\n B, \n \n Swain\n M, \n et al\n . Measuring intraoral pressure: adaptation of a dental appliance allows measurement during function. Dysphagia. 2008;23:237\u2013243."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r24","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"362","article-title":"Cheek and lip pressure against maxillary dental arch during dummy sucking","volume":"13","author":"Lindner\n A,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lindner\n A, \n \n Hellsing\n E. \n \n Cheek and lip pressure against maxillary dental arch during dummy sucking. Eur J Orthod. 1991;13:362\u2013366."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r25","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"406","article-title":"The effect of preoperative use of an orthopedic plate on articulatory function in children with cleft lip and palate","volume":"43","author":"Suzuki\n K,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Suzuki\n K, \n \n Yamazaki\n Y, \n \n Sezaki\n K, \n \n Nakakita\n N. \n \n The effect of preoperative use of an orthopedic plate on articulatory function in children with cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2006;43:406\u2013414."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r26","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"182","article-title":"A randomized control trial investigating the effect of presurgical orthopedics on feeding in infants with cleft lip and\/or palate","volume":"44","author":"Masarei\n AG,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Masarei\n AG, \n \n Wade\n A, \n \n Mars\n M, \n \n Sommerlad\n BC, \n \n Sell\n D. \n \n A randomized control trial investigating the effect of presurgical orthopedics on feeding in infants with cleft lip and\/or palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2007;44:182\u2013193."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r1","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"271","article-title":"Sucking habits and their influence on swallowing pattern and prevalence of malocclusion","volume":"1","author":"Melsen\n B,","year":"1979","unstructured":"Melsen\n B, \n \n Stensgaard\n K, \n \n Pedersen\n J. \n \n Sucking habits and their influence on swallowing pattern and prevalence of malocclusion. Eur J Orthod. 1979;1:271\u2013280."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r2","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"113","article-title":"Relationships between swallowing pattern, mode of respiration, and development of malocclusion","volume":"57","author":"Melsen\n B,","year":"1987","unstructured":"Melsen\n B, \n \n Attina\n L, \n \n Santuari\n M, \n \n Attina\n A. \n \n Relationships between swallowing pattern, mode of respiration, and development of malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 1987;57:113\u2013120."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r3","series-title":"Scand J Dent Res","first-page":"323","article-title":"Sucking habits and their relation to posterior cross-bite in 4-year-old children","volume":"90","author":"Mod\u00e9er\n T,","year":"1982","unstructured":"Mod\u00e9er\n T, \n \n Odenrick\n L, \n \n Lindner\n A. \n \n Sucking habits and their relation to posterior cross-bite in 4-year-old children. Scand J Dent Res. 1982;90:323\u2013328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r4","series-title":"Scand J Dent Res","first-page":"278","article-title":"Relation between sucking habits and dental characteristics in preschool children with unilateral cross-bite","volume":"97","author":"Lindner\n A,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lindner\n A, \n \n Mod\u00e9er\n T. \n \n Relation between sucking habits and dental characteristics in preschool children with unilateral cross-bite. Scand J Dent Res. 1989;97:278\u2013283."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r5","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"523","article-title":"The distribution of clefts of the primary and secondary palates by sex, type, and location","volume":"69","author":"Shapira\n Y,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shapira\n Y, \n \n Lubit\n E, \n \n Kuftinec\n MM, \n \n Borell\n G. \n \n The distribution of clefts of the primary and secondary palates by sex, type, and location. Angle Orthod. 1999;69:523\u2013528."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r6","series-title":"Cleft Palate J","first-page":"216","article-title":"Incidence of cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate among races: a review","volume":"24","author":"Vanderas\n AP.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vanderas\n AP. \n \n Incidence of cleft lip, cleft palate, and cleft lip and palate among races: a review. Cleft Palate J. 1987;24:216\u2013225."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r7","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"58","article-title":"Oral clefts, maternal smoking, and TGFA: a meta-analysis of gene-environment interaction","volume":"42","author":"Zeiger\n JS,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zeiger\n JS, \n \n Beaty\n TH, \n \n Liang\n KY. \n \n Oral clefts, maternal smoking, and TGFA: a meta-analysis of gene-environment interaction. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2005;42:58\u201363."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r8","series-title":"Revista Colombiana de Investigaci\u00f3n en Odontolog\u00eda","first-page":"193","article-title":"Development on the maxillary of patients with a unilateral total cleft with the use of a orthopedic plate. Two-dimensional cast analysis","volume":"1","author":"Garc\u00eda Abuabara\n AN,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda Abuabara\n AN, \n \n Drescher\n D. \n \n Development on the maxillary of patients with a unilateral total cleft with the use of a orthopedic plate. Two-dimensional cast analysis. Revista Colombiana de Investigaci\u00f3n en Odontolog\u00eda. 2010;1:193\u2013201."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r9","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"171","article-title":"Infant orthopedics in UCLP: effect on feeding, weight, and length: A randomized clinical trial (Dutchcleft)","volume":"42","author":"Prahl\n C,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Prahl\n C, \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtman\n AM, \n \n Van 't Hof\n MA, \n \n Prahl-Andersen\n B. \n \n Infant orthopedics in UCLP: effect on feeding, weight, and length: A randomized clinical trial (Dutchcleft). Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2005;42:171\u2013177."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r10","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"53","article-title":"A preoperative appliance for a newborn with cleft palate","volume":"46","author":"Karayazgan\n B,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Karayazgan\n B, \n \n Gunay\n Y, \n \n Gurbuzer\n B, \n \n Erkan\n M, \n \n Atay\n A. \n \n A preoperative appliance for a newborn with cleft palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2009;46:53\u201357."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r11","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"587","article-title":"Long term effects of presurgical infant orthopedics in patients with cleft lip and palate: a systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Uzel\n A,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Uzel\n A, \n \n Alparslan\n ZN. \n \n Long term effects of presurgical infant orthopedics in patients with cleft lip and palate: a systematic review. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2011;48:587\u2013595."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r12","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"5","article-title":"Presurgical orthopedics has no effect on archform in unilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"49","author":"Adali\n N,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adali\n N, \n \n Mars\n M, \n \n Petrie\n A, \n \n Noar\n J, \n \n Sommerlad\n B. \n \n Presurgical orthopedics has no effect on archform in unilateral cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2012;49:5\u201313."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"317","article-title":"Measurement of intra-oral negative air pressure during dummy sucking in human newborn","volume":"13","author":"Lindner\n A.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lindner\n A. \n \n Measurement of intra-oral negative air pressure during dummy sucking in human newborn. Eur J Orthod. 1991;13:317\u2013321."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r14","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"312","article-title":"Sucking performance of babies with cleft conditions","volume":"44","author":"Reid\n J,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reid\n J, \n \n Reilly\n S, \n \n Kilpatrick\n N. \n \n Sucking performance of babies with cleft conditions. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2007;44:312\u2013320."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r15","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1624","article-title":"Are children with clefts underweight for age at the time of primary surgery","volume":"103","author":"Lazarus\n DD,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lazarus\n DD, \n \n Hudson\n DA, \n \n Fleming\n AN, \n \n Goddard\n EA, \n \n Fernandes\n DB. \n \n Are children with clefts underweight for age at the time of primary surgery? Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;103:1624\u20131629."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"729","article-title":"The postural basis of malocclusion: a philosophical overview","volume":"126","author":"Mew\n JRC.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mew\n JRC. \n \n The postural basis of malocclusion: a philosophical overview. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126:729\u2013738."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r17","series-title":"Clin Oral Invest","first-page":"165","article-title":"Intra-oral compartment pressures: a biofunctional model and experimental measurements under different conditions of posture","volume":"15","author":"Engelke\n W,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Engelke\n W, \n \n Jung\n K, \n \n Kn\u00f6sel\n M. \n \n Intra-oral compartment pressures: a biofunctional model and experimental measurements under different conditions of posture. Clin Oral Invest. 2011;15:165\u2013176."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r18","series-title":"Dtsch Zahnarztl Z","first-page":"282","article-title":"Die Dynamik des interokklusalen Unterdruckes","volume":"22","author":"Fr\u00e4nkel\n R.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Fr\u00e4nkel\n R. \n \n Die Dynamik des interokklusalen Unterdruckes. Dtsch Zahnarztl Z. 1967;22:282\u2013290."},{"key":"i0003-3219-86-2-315-r19","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"574","article-title":"Statistical signal processing methods for intra-oral pressure curve analysis in orthodontics","volume":"34","author":"Jung\n K,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jung\n K, \n \n Engelke\n W, \n \n Kn\u00f6sel\n M. \n \n Statistical signal processing methods for intra-oral pressure curve analysis in orthodontics. 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