{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:55:24Z","timestamp":1780484124310,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Objective: To evaluate the condylar and ramal mandibular asymmetry in a group of patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion to identify possible gender differences between male and female subjects.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Materials and Methods: Mandibular asymmetry measurements (condylar, ramal, and condylar-plus-ramal asymmetry values) were performed on the panoramic radiographs of 80 subjects (34 male and 46 female). The study group consisted of 40 Class II subdivision patients (18 male and 22 female; mean age 14.53 \u00b1 3.14 years). The control group consisted of 40 subjects with normal occlusion (16 male and 24 female; mean age 14.43 \u00b1 3.05 years). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the possible statistically significant differences between the groups for condylar, ramal, and condylar-plus-ramal asymmetry index measurements. Identified differences between groups were further analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test at the 95% confidence interval (P &amp;lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: No gender-related difference was found for any of the asymmetry indices. Comparison of condylar, ramal, and condylar-plus-ramal asymmetry index values and gonial angle measurements for Class I and Class II sides in the Class II subdivision group and for right and left sides in the Class I group showed no statistically significant differences. However, the Class II subdivision group has longer values for condylar, ramal, and condylar-plus-ramal height measurements and only these differences were statistically significant (P &amp;lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions: Except for condylar ramal and condylar-plus-ramal height measurements, Class II subdivision patients have symmetrical condyles when compared to normal occlusion samples according to Habbet's mandibular asymmetry indices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/021507-73.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,15]],"date-time":"2007-08-15T16:52:23Z","timestamp":1187196743000},"page":"32-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Mandibular Asymmetry in Class II Subdivision Malocclusion"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"G\u00f6kmen","family":"Kurt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tancan","family":"Uysal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"b Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yildiray","family":"Sisman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"c Assistant Professor and Chair, Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabri Ilhan","family":"Ramoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"d Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"2020042120441278300_i0003-3219-078-01-0032-b1","first-page":"248","article-title":"Classification of malocclusion.","volume":"41","author":"Angle","year":"1899","journal-title":"Dental Cosmos"},{"key":"2020042120441278300_i0003-3219-078-01-0032-b2","first-page":"85","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment planning of unilateral Class II malocclusions.","volume":"45","author":"Wertz","year":"1975","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"2020042120441278300_i0003-3219-078-01-0032-b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.09.006","article-title":"Correcting the Class II subdivision malocclusion, Commentary.","volume":"128","author":"Turpin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2020042120441278300_i0003-3219-078-01-0032-b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(88)90191-6","article-title":"Facial and dental arch asymmetries in Class II subdivision malocclusion.","volume":"93","author":"Alavi","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2020042120441278300_i0003-3219-078-01-0032-b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70010-9","article-title":"Mandibular skeletal and dental asymmetry in Class II subdivision malocclusions.","volume":"105","author":"Rose","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2020042120441278300_i0003-3219-078-01-0032-b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.113267","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of skeletal and dental asymmetries in Class II subdivision malocclusions.","volume":"119","author":"Janson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2020042120441278300_i0003-3219-078-01-0032-b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.12.002","article-title":"Evaluation of asymmetries between subjects with Class II subdivision and apparent facial asymmetry and those with normal occlusion.","volume":"129","author":"Azevedo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2020042120441278300_i0003-3219-078-01-0032-b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.02.031","article-title":"Class II subdivision malocclusion types and evaluation of their asymmetries.","volume":"131","author":"Janson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"2020042120441278300_i0003-3219-078-01-0032-b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.1988.tb00182.x","article-title":"The Orthopantomogram, an aid in diagnosis of temporomandibular joint problems. 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