{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:09:21Z","timestamp":1790626161415,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To compare the intra- and inter-examiner reliability of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using Amira and Dolphin software analyses for craniofacial\/airway measurements by six examiners.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n Five adults and one dry skull with CBCT and MDCT scan files were duplicated and randomly numbered. Six orthodontic residents imported these files into two software programs, oriented the images, set thresholds, and performed 26 measurements. Intra- and inter-examiner reliabilities were determined by using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and presented with scatterplots.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Variables including anterior nasal width, posterior nasal width, frontomaxillary suture right-to-left, inner nasal contour point right-to-left, and minimum cross-sectional area in the oropharynx showed \u201cmoderate\u201d to \u201csubstantial\u201d intra- or inter-examiner agreement. Amira provided relatively reliable airway assessment, while Dolphin showed standard deviations 10 to 30 times larger for volumetric airway measurements. MDCT scans significantly reduced airway volume\/area measurements compared to CBCT, except for intraoral airway volume.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Unreliable skeletal measurements and low reliability of Dolphin for airway analysis discourage using CT to quantitatively correlate changes in craniofacial structures with airway dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/022124-131.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T20:02:05Z","timestamp":1727208125000},"page":"57-77","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Reliability assessment of craniofacial and airway measurements: a comparative study between multidetector computed tomography and cone-beam computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Jui-Sheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Chih","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Yeh","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shih-Ying","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han-Cheng","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny Zwei-Chieng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b01","series-title":"Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am","first-page":"1","article-title":"A comparison of maxillofacial CBCT and medical CT","volume":"20","author":"Angelopoulos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Angelopoulos\n C,\n \n \n Scarfe\n WC,\n \n \n Farman\n AG.\n \n \n A comparison of maxillofacial CBCT and medical CT. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2012;20(1):1\u201317."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b02","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics","author":"Proffit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Proffit\n WR.\n \n \n Contemporary Orthodontics. 6th ed. Philadelphia, IL: Elsevier; 2018."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b03","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1227","article-title":"Cone-beam computerized tomography imaging and analysis of the upper airway: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"40","author":"Guijarro-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guijarro-Mart\u00ednez\n R,\n \n \n Swennen\n GR.\n \n \n Cone-beam computerized tomography imaging and analysis of the upper airway: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40(11):1227\u20131237."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b04","series-title":"Oncology","first-page":"173","article-title":"Dental cone beam computed tomography in children: clinical effectiveness and cancer risk due to radiation exposure","volume":"96","author":"De Felice","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Felice\n F,\n \n \n Di Carlo\n G,\n \n \n Saccucci\n M,\n \n \n Tombolini\n V,\n \n \n Polimeni\n A.\n \n \n Dental cone beam computed tomography in children: clinical effectiveness and cancer risk due to radiation exposure. Oncology. 2019;96(4):173-\u2013178."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b05","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"20140238","article-title":"CBCT-based bone quality assessment: are Hounsfield units applicable","volume":"44","author":"Pauwels","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pauwels\n R,\n \n \n Jacobs\n R,\n \n \n Singer\n SR,\n \n \n Mupparapu\n M.\n \n \n CBCT-based bone quality assessment: are Hounsfield units applicable? Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2015;44(1):20140238."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b06","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"20210140","article-title":"Can gray values be converted to Hounsfield units? A systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Eguren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eguren\n M,\n \n \n Holguin\n A,\n \n \n Diaz\n K,\n \n et al.\n \n Can gray values be converted to Hounsfield units? A systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2022;51(1):20210140. 34148350"},{"issue":"1021","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b07","series-title":"Br J Radiol","first-page":"20120135","article-title":"Variability of dental cone beam CT grey values for density estimations","volume":"86","author":"Pauwels","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pauwels\n R,\n \n \n Nackaerts\n O,\n \n \n Bellaiche\n N,\n \n et al.\n \n Variability of dental cone beam CT grey values for density estimations. Br J Radiol. 2013;86(1021):20120135."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b08","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"245","article-title":"The reliability of computed tomography (CT) values and dimensional measurements of the oropharyngeal region using cone beam CT: comparison with multidetector CT","volume":"37","author":"Yamashina","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yamashina\n A,\n \n \n Tanimoto\n K,\n \n \n Sutthiprapaporn\n P,\n \n \n Hayakawa\n Y.\n \n \n The reliability of computed tomography (CT) values and dimensional measurements of the oropharyngeal region using cone beam CT: comparison with multidetector CT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2008;37(5):245\u2013251."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b09","series-title":"Imaging Sci Dent","first-page":"25","article-title":"Evaluation of accuracy of 3D reconstruction images using multi-detector CT and cone-beam CT","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim\n M,\n \n \n Huh\n KH,\n \n \n Yi\n WJ,\n \n \n Heo\n MS,\n \n \n Lee\n SS,\n \n \n Choi\n SC.\n \n \n Evaluation of accuracy of 3D reconstruction images using multi-detector CT and cone-beam CT. Imaging Sci Dent. 2012;42(1):25\u201333."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b10","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"296","article-title":"Evaluation of the accuracy of linear measurements on multi-slice and cone beam computed tomography scans to detect the mandibular canal during bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible","volume":"46","author":"Freire-Maia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Freire-Maia\n B,\n \n \n Machado\n VD,\n \n \n Valerio\n CS,\n \n \n Custodio\n AL,\n \n \n Manzi\n FR,\n \n \n Junqueira\n JL.\n \n \n Evaluation of the accuracy of linear measurements on multi-slice and cone beam computed tomography scans to detect the mandibular canal during bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;46(3):296\u2013302."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b11","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"512","article-title":"Comparative localized linear accuracy of small-field cone-beam CT and multislice CT for alveolar bone measurements","volume":"105","author":"Loubele","year":"2008","unstructured":"Loubele\n M,\n \n \n Van Assche\n N,\n \n \n Carpentier\n K,\n \n et al.\n \n Comparative localized linear accuracy of small-field cone-beam CT and multislice CT for alveolar bone measurements. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;105(4):512\u2013518."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b12","series-title":"Dent Res J (Isfahan)","first-page":"15","article-title":"A comparative study of accuracy of linear measurements using cone beam and multi-slice computed tomographies for evaluation of mandibular canal location in dry mandibles","volume":"10","author":"Naser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Naser\n AZ,\n \n \n Mehr\n BB.\n \n \n A comparative study of accuracy of linear measurements using cone beam and multi-slice computed tomographies for evaluation of mandibular canal location in dry mandibles. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2013;10(1):15\u201319. 23878558"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"58","article-title":"Accuracy of MDCT and CBCT in three-dimensional evaluation of the oropharynx morphology","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen\n H,\n \n \n van Eijnatten\n M,\n \n \n Aarab\n G,\n \n et al.\n \n Accuracy of MDCT and CBCT in three-dimensional evaluation of the oropharynx morphology. Eur J Orthod. 23 2018;40(1):58\u201364."},{"issue":"39(5","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"489","article-title":"Reliability of upper pharyngeal airway assessment using dental CBCT: a systematic review","volume":"1","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zimmerman\n JN,\n \n \n Lee\n J,\n \n \n Pliska\n BT.\n \n \n Reliability of upper pharyngeal airway assessment using dental CBCT: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod. 12017;39(5):489-496."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"448","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of changes in the naso-maxillary complex associated with two types of maxillary expanders","volume":"82","author":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh\n V,\n \n \n Wine\n P,\n \n \n Haughey\n M,\n \n \n Pajtas\n B,\n \n \n Kaczynski\n R.\n \n \n Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of changes in the naso-maxillary complex associated with two types of maxillary expanders. Angle Orthod. 2012;82(3):448\u2013457."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b16","series-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)","article-title":"Short-term and long-term changes of nasal soft tissue after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with tooth-borne and bone-borne devices. A CBCT Retrospective Study","volume":"12","author":"Venezia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Venezia\n P,\n \n \n Nucci\n L,\n \n \n Moschitto\n S,\n \n et al.\n \n Short-term and long-term changes of nasal soft tissue after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with tooth-borne and bone-borne devices. A CBCT Retrospective Study. Diagnostics (Basel). Mar 31 2022;12(4)."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"566","article-title":"Retrospective CBCT analysis of airway volume changes after bone-borne vs tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"89","author":"Kavand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kavand\n G,\n \n \n Lagravere\n M,\n \n \n Kula\n K,\n \n \n Stewart\n K,\n \n \n Ghoneima\n A.\n \n \n Retrospective CBCT analysis of airway volume changes after bone-borne vs tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion. Angle Orthod. 2019;89(4):566\u2013574."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"868","article-title":"Skeletal, soft tissue, and airway changes following the alternate maxillary expansions and constrictions protocol","volume":"84","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yilmaz\n BS,\n \n \n Kucukkeles\n N.\n \n \n Skeletal, soft tissue, and airway changes following the alternate maxillary expansions and constrictions protocol. Angle Orthod. 2014;84(5):868\u2013877. 24621102"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e187","article-title":"Short-term effects of microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion on the circummaxillary sutures in skeletally mature patients: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"161","author":"Cho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cho\n AR,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Moon\n W,\n \n \n Chae\n JM,\n \n \n Kang\n KH.\n \n \n Short-term effects of microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion on the circummaxillary sutures in skeletally mature patients: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022;161(2):e187\u2013e197."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b20","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"85","article-title":"Zygomaticomaxillary suture maturation: a predictor of maxillary protraction? Part I - A classification method","volume":"20","author":"Angelieri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Angelieri\n F,\n \n \n Franchi\n L,\n \n \n Cevidanes\n LHS,\n \n \n Hino\n CT,\n \n \n Nguyen\n T,\n \n \n McNamara\n JA,\n Jr\n \n . Zygomaticomaxillary suture maturation: a predictor of maxillary protraction? Part I - A classification method. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2017;20(2):85\u201394."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b21","series-title":"Surgeon","first-page":"1","article-title":"Does rapid maxillary expansion affect nasopharyngeal airway? A prospective Cone Beam Computerised Tomography (CBCT) based study","volume":"16","author":"Almuzian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Almuzian\n M,\n \n \n Ju\n X,\n \n \n Almukhtar\n A,\n \n \n Ayoub\n A,\n \n \n Al-Muzian\n L,\n \n \n McDonald\n JP.\n \n \n Does rapid maxillary expansion affect nasopharyngeal airway? A prospective Cone Beam Computerised Tomography (CBCT) based study. 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Orthod Craniofac Res. 2019;22(1):9\u201315."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b24","series-title":"Biometrics","first-page":"159","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis\n JR,\n \n \n Koch\n GG.\n \n \n The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33(1):159\u2013174."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b25","first-page":"400","article-title":"Accuracy of volumetric analysis software packages in assessment of tooth volume using CBCT. Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects","author":"Nimbalkar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nimbalkar\n S.\n \n \n Accuracy of volumetric analysis software packages in assessment of tooth volume using CBCT. Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects. 2016; 400. https:\/\/scholarsrepository.llu.edu\/etd\/400."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b26","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"801","article-title":"Imaging software accuracy for 3-dimensional analysis of the upper airway","volume":"142","author":"Weissheimer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weissheimer\n A,\n \n \n Menezes\n LM,\n \n \n Sameshima\n GT,\n \n \n Enciso\n R,\n \n \n Pham\n J,\n \n \n Grauer\n D.\n \n \n Imaging software accuracy for 3-dimensional analysis of the upper airway. 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J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;72(1):139\u2013144."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b28","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"188","article-title":"Reliability of upper airway linear, area, and volumetric measurements in cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"145","author":"Mattos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mattos\n CT,\n \n \n Cruz\n CV,\n \n \n da Matta\n TC,\n \n et al.\n \n Reliability of upper airway linear, area, and volumetric measurements in cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;145(2):188\u2013197."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b29","series-title":"J Formos Med Assoc","first-page":"750","article-title":"Short-term efficacy of minimally invasive treatments for adult obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"118","author":"Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao\n YN,\n \n \n Wu\n YC,\n \n \n Lin\n SY,\n \n \n Chang\n JZ,\n \n \n Tu\n YK.\n \n \n Short-term efficacy of minimally invasive treatments for adult obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Formos Med Assoc. 2019;118(4):750\u2013765."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b30","series-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"156","article-title":"Management of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin\n SY,\n \n \n Su\n YX,\n \n \n Wu\n YC,\n \n \n Chang\n JZ,\n \n \n Tu\n YK.\n \n \n Management of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2020;30(2):156\u2013170."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b31","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"130","article-title":"Positional changes of oropharyngeal structures due to gravity in the upright and supine positions","volume":"37","author":"Sutthiprapaporn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sutthiprapaporn\n P,\n \n \n Tanimoto\n K,\n \n \n Ohtsuka\n M,\n \n \n Nagasaki\n T,\n \n \n Iida\n Y,\n \n \n Katsumata\n A.\n \n \n Positional changes of oropharyngeal structures due to gravity in the upright and supine positions. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2008;37(3):130\u2013135."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b01","series-title":"Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am","first-page":"1","article-title":"A comparison of maxillofacial CBCT and medical CT","volume":"20","author":"Angelopoulos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Angelopoulos\n C,\n \n \n Scarfe\n WC,\n \n \n Farman\n AG.\n \n \n A comparison of maxillofacial CBCT and medical CT. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2012;20(1):1\u201317."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b02","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics","author":"Proffit","year":"2018","unstructured":"Proffit\n WR.\n \n \n Contemporary Orthodontics. 6th ed. Philadelphia, IL: Elsevier; 2018."},{"issue":"11","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b03","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1227","article-title":"Cone-beam computerized tomography imaging and analysis of the upper airway: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"40","author":"Guijarro-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guijarro-Mart\u00ednez\n R,\n \n \n Swennen\n GR.\n \n \n Cone-beam computerized tomography imaging and analysis of the upper airway: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;40(11):1227\u20131237."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b04","series-title":"Oncology","first-page":"173","article-title":"Dental cone beam computed tomography in children: clinical effectiveness and cancer risk due to radiation exposure","volume":"96","author":"De Felice","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Felice\n F,\n \n \n Di Carlo\n G,\n \n \n Saccucci\n M,\n \n \n Tombolini\n V,\n \n \n Polimeni\n A.\n \n \n Dental cone beam computed tomography in children: clinical effectiveness and cancer risk due to radiation exposure. Oncology. 2019;96(4):173-\u2013178."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b05","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"20140238","article-title":"CBCT-based bone quality assessment: are Hounsfield units applicable","volume":"44","author":"Pauwels","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pauwels\n R,\n \n \n Jacobs\n R,\n \n \n Singer\n SR,\n \n \n Mupparapu\n M.\n \n \n CBCT-based bone quality assessment: are Hounsfield units applicable? Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2015;44(1):20140238."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b06","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"20210140","article-title":"Can gray values be converted to Hounsfield units? A systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Eguren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eguren\n M,\n \n \n Holguin\n A,\n \n \n Diaz\n K,\n \n et al.\n \n Can gray values be converted to Hounsfield units? A systematic review. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2022;51(1):20210140. 34148350"},{"issue":"1021","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b07","series-title":"Br J Radiol","first-page":"20120135","article-title":"Variability of dental cone beam CT grey values for density estimations","volume":"86","author":"Pauwels","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pauwels\n R,\n \n \n Nackaerts\n O,\n \n \n Bellaiche\n N,\n \n et al.\n \n Variability of dental cone beam CT grey values for density estimations. Br J Radiol. 2013;86(1021):20120135."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b08","series-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol","first-page":"245","article-title":"The reliability of computed tomography (CT) values and dimensional measurements of the oropharyngeal region using cone beam CT: comparison with multidetector CT","volume":"37","author":"Yamashina","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yamashina\n A,\n \n \n Tanimoto\n K,\n \n \n Sutthiprapaporn\n P,\n \n \n Hayakawa\n Y.\n \n \n The reliability of computed tomography (CT) values and dimensional measurements of the oropharyngeal region using cone beam CT: comparison with multidetector CT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2008;37(5):245\u2013251."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b09","series-title":"Imaging Sci Dent","first-page":"25","article-title":"Evaluation of accuracy of 3D reconstruction images using multi-detector CT and cone-beam CT","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim\n M,\n \n \n Huh\n KH,\n \n \n Yi\n WJ,\n \n \n Heo\n MS,\n \n \n Lee\n SS,\n \n \n Choi\n SC.\n \n \n Evaluation of accuracy of 3D reconstruction images using multi-detector CT and cone-beam CT. Imaging Sci Dent. 2012;42(1):25\u201333."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b10","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"296","article-title":"Evaluation of the accuracy of linear measurements on multi-slice and cone beam computed tomography scans to detect the mandibular canal during bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible","volume":"46","author":"Freire-Maia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Freire-Maia\n B,\n \n \n Machado\n VD,\n \n \n Valerio\n CS,\n \n \n Custodio\n AL,\n \n \n Manzi\n FR,\n \n \n Junqueira\n JL.\n \n \n Evaluation of the accuracy of linear measurements on multi-slice and cone beam computed tomography scans to detect the mandibular canal during bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandible. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;46(3):296\u2013302."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b11","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"512","article-title":"Comparative localized linear accuracy of small-field cone-beam CT and multislice CT for alveolar bone measurements","volume":"105","author":"Loubele","year":"2008","unstructured":"Loubele\n M,\n \n \n Van Assche\n N,\n \n \n Carpentier\n K,\n \n et al.\n \n Comparative localized linear accuracy of small-field cone-beam CT and multislice CT for alveolar bone measurements. 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Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2013;10(1):15\u201319. 23878558"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"58","article-title":"Accuracy of MDCT and CBCT in three-dimensional evaluation of the oropharynx morphology","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen\n H,\n \n \n van Eijnatten\n M,\n \n \n Aarab\n G,\n \n et al.\n \n Accuracy of MDCT and CBCT in three-dimensional evaluation of the oropharynx morphology. Eur J Orthod. 23 2018;40(1):58\u201364."},{"issue":"39(5","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"489","article-title":"Reliability of upper pharyngeal airway assessment using dental CBCT: a systematic review","volume":"1","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zimmerman\n JN,\n \n \n Lee\n J,\n \n \n Pliska\n BT.\n \n \n Reliability of upper pharyngeal airway assessment using dental CBCT: a systematic review. 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A CBCT Retrospective Study","volume":"12","author":"Venezia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Venezia\n P,\n \n \n Nucci\n L,\n \n \n Moschitto\n S,\n \n et al.\n \n Short-term and long-term changes of nasal soft tissue after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with tooth-borne and bone-borne devices. A CBCT Retrospective Study. Diagnostics (Basel). Mar 31 2022;12(4)."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"566","article-title":"Retrospective CBCT analysis of airway volume changes after bone-borne vs tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"89","author":"Kavand","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kavand\n G,\n \n \n Lagravere\n M,\n \n \n Kula\n K,\n \n \n Stewart\n K,\n \n \n Ghoneima\n A.\n \n \n Retrospective CBCT analysis of airway volume changes after bone-borne vs tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion. 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Angle Orthod. 2014;84(5):868\u2013877. 24621102"},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e187","article-title":"Short-term effects of microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion on the circummaxillary sutures in skeletally mature patients: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"161","author":"Cho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cho\n AR,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Moon\n W,\n \n \n Chae\n JM,\n \n \n Kang\n KH.\n \n \n Short-term effects of microimplant-assisted rapid palatal expansion on the circummaxillary sutures in skeletally mature patients: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022;161(2):e187\u2013e197."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-95-1-57-b20","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"85","article-title":"Zygomaticomaxillary suture maturation: a predictor of maxillary protraction? 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