{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:56:13Z","timestamp":1787064973007,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the frequency and type of upper bonded retainer failure and to identify possible predisposing factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The records of 466 consecutive patients with upper bonded retainers were analyzed retrospectively with respect to retainer failures and failure type as well as timing of failure, differences among operators, and the number of defects of the multibracket appliances (MB) prior to the retention period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 58.2% of all patients experienced retainer failures. The average failure odds were 1.26 failures per retainer. The odds were highest for 3-3 retainers (1.37) and lowest for the 1-1 retainer (0.54). The detachment and total loss rates were significantly influenced by operator experience\u2014both rates were lower for experienced practitioners. Total retainer losses occurred more frequently in case of previous MB defects, while retainer fractures were seen more frequently when the retainer included the canines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Upper bonded retainer failures are a frequent problem during the retention period (58.2% of patients). Less operator experience correlated with higher failure rates. An increased number of total retainer losses must also be expected with a decreasing number of bonding sites and in cases involving previous MB defects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/022211-132.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,9]],"date-time":"2011-06-09T17:09:50Z","timestamp":1307639390000},"page":"1050-1056","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Upper bonded retainers"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Schneider","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Eschborn, Hessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Ruf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"570","article-title":"Relapse tendency after orthodontic correction of upper front teeth retained with a bonded retainer.","volume":"76","author":"Naraghi, S.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Naraghi, S., A.Andren, H.Kjellberg, and B. 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U.\n          \n          Clinical experience with direct-bonded orthodontic retainers.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1977. 71:440\u2013448."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b16","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"117","article-title":"Glass fibre reinforced versus multistranded bonded orthodontic retainers: a 2\u00a0year prospective multi-centre study.","volume":"32","author":"Tacken, M. P.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tacken, M. P., J.Cosyn, P.De Wilde, J.Aerts, E.Govaerts, and B. V.Vannet. Glass fibre reinforced versus multistranded bonded orthodontic retainers: a 2\u00a0year prospective multi-centre study.Eur J Orthod2010. 32:117\u2013123."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b17","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"2087","article-title":"The association of orthodontic treatment and fixed retainers with gingival health.","volume":"79","author":"Levin, L.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Levin, L., G. R.Samorodnitzky-Naveh, and E. E.Machtei. The association of orthodontic treatment and fixed retainers with gingival health.J Periodontol2008. 79:2087\u20132092."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b18","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"191","article-title":"Breakage incidence with direct-bonded lingual retainers.","volume":"26","author":"Lumsden, K. W.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lumsden, K. W., G.Saidler, and J. H.McColl. Breakage incidence with direct-bonded lingual retainers.Br J Orthod1999. 26:191\u2013194."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b19","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"432","article-title":"A survey on orthodontic retention procedures in The Netherlands.","volume":"31","author":"Renkema, A. M.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Renkema, A. M., E. T.Sips, E.Bronkhorst, and A. M.Kuijipers-Jagtman. A survey on orthodontic retention procedures in The Netherlands.Eur J Orthod2009. 31:432\u2013437."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b20","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"115","article-title":"Orthodontic retention patterns in the United Kingdom.","volume":"36","author":"Singh, P.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Singh, P., S.Grammati, and R.Kirschen. Orthodontic retention patterns in the United Kingdom.J Orthod2009. 36:115\u2013121."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b21","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"290","article-title":"Bonded orthodontic retainers: a comparison of initial bond strength of different wire-and-composite combinations.","volume":"71","author":"Aldrees, A. M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aldrees, A. M., T. K.Al-Mutairi, Z. W.Hakami, and M. M.Al-Malki. Bonded orthodontic retainers: a comparison of initial bond strength of different wire-and-composite combinations.J Orofac Orthop2010. 71:290\u2013299."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b22","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"741","article-title":"Debonding force and deformation of two multi-stranded lingual retainer wires bonded to incisor enamel: an in vitro study.","volume":"32","author":"Cooke, M. E.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cooke, M. E. and M.Sherriff. Debonding force and deformation of two multi-stranded lingual retainer wires bonded to incisor enamel: an in vitro study.Eur J Orthod2010. 32:741\u2013746."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b23","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"118","article-title":"Mikroleakage between composite\/wire and composite\/enamel interfaces of flexible spiral wire retainers: direct versus indirect application methods.","volume":"13","author":"Yagci, A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yagci, A., T.Uysal, H.Ertas, and M.Amasyali. Mikroleakage between composite\/wire and composite\/enamel interfaces of flexible spiral wire retainers: direct versus indirect application methods.Orthod Craniofac Res2010. 13:118\u2013124."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"867","article-title":"Occlusal contact changes with removable and bonded retainers in a 1-year retention period.","volume":"79","author":"Sari, Z.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sari, Z., T.Uysal, F. A.Ba\u015f\u00e7ift\u00e7i, and O.Inan. Occlusal contact changes with removable and bonded retainers in a 1-year retention period.Angle Orthod2009. 79:867\u2013872."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"941","article-title":"Different lingual retainer composites and the microleakage between enamel-composite and wire-composite interfaces.","volume":"78","author":"Uysal, T.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Uysal, T., M.Ulker, A.Baysal, and S.Usumez. Different lingual retainer composites and the microleakage between enamel-composite and wire-composite interfaces.Angle Orthod2008. 78:941\u2013946."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b26","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"42","article-title":"A prospective randomized study of different retainer types.","volume":"63","author":"St\u00f6rmann, I.","year":"2002","unstructured":"St\u00f6rmann, I. and U.Ehmer. A prospective randomized study of different retainer types.J Orofac Orthop2002. 63:42\u201350."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b27","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"321","article-title":"Stability of the bonded lingual wire retainer\u2014a study of the initial bond strength.","volume":"65","author":"Radlanski, R. J.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Radlanski, R. J. and N. D.Zain. Stability of the bonded lingual wire retainer\u2014a study of the initial bond strength.J Orofac Orthop2004. 65:321\u2013335."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b28","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"300","article-title":"Lower bonded retainers: survival and failure rates particularly considering operator experience.","volume":"71","author":"Scheibe, K.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scheibe, K. and S.Ruf. Lower bonded retainers: survival and failure rates particularly considering operator experience.J Orofac Orthop2010. 71:300\u2013307."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b29","series-title":"Swed Dent J","first-page":"35","article-title":"Subjective evaluation of orthodontic treatment and potential side effects of bonded lingual retainers.","volume":"31","author":"Johnsson, A. C.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Johnsson, A. C., L. N.Tofelt, and H.Kjellberg. 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Micro-shear bond strengths and etching efficacy of a two-step self-etching adhesive system to fluorosed and non-fluorosed enamel.Eur J Oral Sci2009. 117:182\u2013186."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b32","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"247","article-title":"Acidic soft drinks effects on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and a scanning electron microscopy evaluation of the enamel.","volume":"75","author":"Oncag, G.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Oncag, G., A. V.Tuncer, and Y. S.Tosun. Acidic soft drinks effects on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and a scanning electron microscopy evaluation of the enamel.Angle Orthod2005. 75:247\u2013253."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-6-1050-b33","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"385","article-title":"The effect of herbal teas on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.","volume":"31","author":"Ulusoy, C.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ulusoy, C., A.M\u00fcjdeci, and O.G\u00f6kay. The effect of herbal teas on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets.Eur J Orthod2009. 31:385\u2013389."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/81\/6\/article-p1050.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/81\/6\/article-p1050.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/81\/6\/article-p1050.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T20:55:14Z","timestamp":1747342514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/81\/6\/article-p1050.xml"}},"subtitle":["Survival and failure rates"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/022211-132.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]}}}