{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:06:18Z","timestamp":1780067178137,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To assess the changes in alveolar bone of the mandibular second molars following molar protraction and investigate the factors associated with the alveolar bone changes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n Cone-beam computed tomography of 29 patients (mean age 22.0 \u00b1 4.2 years) who had missing mandibular premolars or first molars and underwent molar protraction were reviewed. Alveolar bone level was measured as the distance from the cementoenamel junction at six points, buccal, lingual, mesiobuccal (MB), mesiolingual (ML), distobuccal (DB), and distolingual (DL), of the second molars at pretreatment (T0) and after molar protraction (T1). Factors associated with alveolar bone changes at the distal and mesial of the second molars were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Mean alveolar bone changes ranged from \u22121.2 mm (bone apposition) to 0.8 mm (bone resorption). The presence of a third molar impaction at T0 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001), third molar angulation at T0 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001), and Nolla's stage of third molar at T0 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .005) were significantly associated with alveolar bone level changes distal to the second molars. Treatment duration (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .028) was significantly associated with alveolar bone level changes mesial to the second molar.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Patients with impacted third molars, third molars at an earlier stage of development, and mesially angulated third molars at pretreatment may have less alveolar bone resorption distal to the second molars following protraction. Patients with increased treatment time may have reduced alveolar bone resorption mesial to the second molars.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/022321-147.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T16:10:39Z","timestamp":1632931839000},"page":"64-72","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Alveolar bone changes after molar protraction in young adults with missing mandibular second premolars or first molars"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Un-Bong","family":"Baik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Yul","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung-Ju","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Ji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwa Sung","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwan-Soo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikhilesh R.","family":"Vaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindra","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b01","series-title":"J Dent Educ","first-page":"686","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of tooth loss in U.S. employed adult and senior populations, 1985-86","volume":"52","author":"Meskin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Meskin\n LH,\n \n \n Brown\n LJ.\n \n \n Prevalence and patterns of tooth loss in U.S. employed adult and senior populations, 1985-86.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Dent Educ.\n\t\t\t\t\t1988;\n\t\t\t\t\t52:\n\t\t\t\t\t686\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t691."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b02","series-title":"Pediatr Dent J","first-page":"24","article-title":"The prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth in Japanese children: a survey conducted in south-west area of Kanto 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anchorage used to protract lower second molars into first molar extraction sites","volume":"37","author":"Kyung","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kyung\n SH,\n \n \n Choi\n JH,\n \n \n Park\n YC.\n \n \n Miniscrew anchorage used to protract lower second molars into first molar extraction sites.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t37:\n\t\t\t\t\t575\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t579."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"583","article-title":"Titanium screw anchorage for protraction of mandibular second molars into first molar extraction sites","volume":"134","author":"Nagaraj","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nagaraj\n K,\n \n \n Upadhyay\n M,\n \n \n Yadav\n S.\n \n \n Titanium screw anchorage for protraction of mandibular second molars into first molar extraction sites.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t134:\n\t\t\t\t\t583\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t591."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"337","article-title":"Spontaneous third-molar eruption after second-molar extraction in orthodontic patients","volume":"129","author":"De-la-Rosa-Gay","year":"2006","unstructured":"De-la-Rosa-Gay\n C,\n \n \n Valmaseda-Castell\u00f3n\n E,\n \n \n Gay-Escoda\n C.\n \n \n Spontaneous third-molar eruption after second-molar extraction in orthodontic patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t129:\n\t\t\t\t\t337\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t344."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"181","article-title":"Factors associated with spontaneous mesialization of impacted mandibular third molars after second molar protraction","volume":"90","author":"Baik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baik\n UB,\n \n \n Kang\n JH,\n \n \n Lee\n UL,\n \n \n Vaid\n NR,\n \n \n Kim\n YJ,\n \n \n Lee\n DY.\n \n \n Factors associated with spontaneous mesialization of impacted mandibular third molars after second molar protraction.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t90:\n\t\t\t\t\t181\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t186."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"178","article-title":"Factors associated with spontaneous angular changes of impacted mandibular third molars as a result of second molar protraction","volume":"156","author":"Baik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baik\n UB,\n \n \n Bayome\n M,\n \n \n Abbas\n NH,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Lee\n UL,\n \n \n Kim\n YJ.\n \n \n Factors associated with spontaneous angular changes of impacted mandibular third molars as a result of second molar protraction.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t156:\n\t\t\t\t\t178\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t185."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b15","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"513","article-title":"Change in alveolar bone level of mandibular second and third molars after second molar protraction into missing first molar or second premolar space","volume":"41","author":"Baik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baik\n UB,\n \n \n Choi\n HB,\n \n \n Kim\n YJ,\n \n \n Lee\n DY,\n \n \n Sugawara\n J,\n \n \n Nanda\n R.\n \n \n Change in alveolar bone level of mandibular second and third molars after second molar protraction into missing first molar or second premolar space.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t41:\n\t\t\t\t\t513\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t518."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"907","article-title":"Movement of mandibular molar into edentulous alveolar ridge: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"151","author":"Santos","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santos\n P,\n \n \n Herrera Sanches\n FS,\n \n \n Ferreira\n MC,\n \n \n de Almeida\n A,\n \n \n Janson\n 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areas\u2014a case series","volume":"35","author":"Lindskog-Stokland","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lindskog-Stokland\n B,\n \n \n Hansen\n K,\n \n \n Ekestubbe\n A,\n \n \n Wennstr\u00f6m\n JL.\n \n \n Orthodontic tooth movement into edentulous ridge areas\u2014a case series.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t35:\n\t\t\t\t\t277\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t285."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"227","article-title":"A clinical study on closing edentulous spaces in the mandible","volume":"49","author":"Stepovich","year":"1979","unstructured":"Stepovich\n ML.\n \n \n A clinical study on closing edentulous spaces in the mandible.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1979;\n\t\t\t\t\t49:\n\t\t\t\t\t227\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t233."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"457","article-title":"The effects of space closure of the mandibular first molar area in adults","volume":"85","author":"Hom","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hom\n BM,\n \n \n Turley\n PK.\n \n \n The effects of space closure of the mandibular first molar area in adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1984;\n\t\t\t\t\t85:\n\t\t\t\t\t457\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t469."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"100","article-title":"Bone regeneration by bodily tooth movement: dental computed tomography examination of a patient","volume":"125","author":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz","year":"2004","unstructured":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz\n E,\n \n \n Rodriguez-Torres\n C,\n \n \n Gahleitner\n A,\n \n \n Heissenberger\n G,\n \n \n Bantleon\n HP.\n \n \n Bone regeneration by bodily tooth movement: dental computed tomography examination of a patient.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t125:\n\t\t\t\t\t100\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t106."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b22","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"914","article-title":"Is the angulation of mandibular third molars associated with the thickness of lingual bone?","volume":"54","author":"Tolstunov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tolstunov\n L,\n \n \n Brickeen\n M,\n \n \n Kamanin\n V,\n \n \n Susarla\n SM,\n \n \n Selvi\n F.\n \n \n Is the angulation of mandibular third molars associated with the thickness of lingual bone?\n \n Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg\n .\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t54:\n\t\t\t\t\t914\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t919."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b23","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol","first-page":"278","article-title":"Effect of premolar extraction and presence of the lower third molar on lower second molar angulation in orthodontic treatment","volume":"118","author":"You","year":"2014","unstructured":"You\n TM,\n \n \n Ban\n BH,\n \n \n Jeong\n JS,\n \n \n Huh\n J,\n \n \n Doh\n RM,\n \n \n Park\n W.\n \n \n Effect of premolar extraction and presence of the lower third molar on 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\n \n Regional control by the dental follicle of alterations in alveolar bone metabolism during tooth eruption.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Oral Pathol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1987;\n\t\t\t\t\t16:\n\t\t\t\t\t164\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t169."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b26","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"563","article-title":"Types of tooth movement, bodily or tipping, do not affect the displacement of the tooth's center of resistance but do affect the alveolar bone resorption","volume":"87","author":"Kondo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kondo\n T,\n \n \n Hotokezaka\n H,\n \n \n Hamanaka\n R,\n \n et al.\n \n Types of tooth movement, bodily or tipping, do not affect the displacement of the tooth's center of resistance but do affect the alveolar bone resorption.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t87:\n\t\t\t\t\t563\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t569."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b01","series-title":"J Dent Educ","first-page":"686","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of tooth loss in U.S. employed adult and senior populations, 1985-86","volume":"52","author":"Meskin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Meskin\n LH,\n \n \n Brown\n LJ.\n \n \n Prevalence and patterns of tooth loss in U.S. employed adult and senior populations, 1985-86.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Dent Educ.\n\t\t\t\t\t1988;\n\t\t\t\t\t52:\n\t\t\t\t\t686\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t691."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b02","series-title":"Pediatr Dent J","first-page":"24","article-title":"The prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth in Japanese children: a survey conducted in south-west area of Kanto district","volume":"21","author":"Ide","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ide\n M,\n \n \n Kuriyama\n C,\n \n \n Takeuchi\n C,\n \n et al.\n \n The prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth in Japanese children: a survey conducted in south-west area of Kanto district.\n\t\t\t\t\tPediatr Dent J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t21:\n\t\t\t\t\t24\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t30."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b03","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"33","article-title":"Prevalence of dental agenesis in a sample of Italian orthodontic patients: an epidemiological study","volume":"18","author":"Gracco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gracco\n ALT,\n \n \n Zanatta\n S,\n \n \n Forin Valvecchi\n F,\n \n \n Bignotti\n D,\n \n \n Perri\n A,\n \n \n Baciliero\n F.\n \n \n Prevalence of dental agenesis in a sample of Italian orthodontic patients: an epidemiological study.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t18:\n\t\t\t\t\t33."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"565","article-title":"Vertical eruption patterns of impacted mandibular third molars after the mesialization of second molars using miniscrews","volume":"86","author":"Baik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baik\n UB,\n \n \n Kook\n YA,\n \n \n Bayome\n M,\n \n \n Park\n JU,\n \n \n Park\n JH.\n \n \n Vertical eruption patterns of impacted mandibular third molars after the mesialization of second molars using miniscrews.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t86:\n\t\t\t\t\t565\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t570."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"783","article-title":"Protraction of mandibular second and third molars into missing first molar spaces for a patient with an anterior open bite and anterior spacing","volume":"141","author":"Baik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baik\n UB,\n \n \n Chun\n YS,\n \n \n Jung\n MH,\n \n \n Sugawara\n J.\n \n \n Protraction of mandibular second and third molars into missing first molar spaces for a patient with an anterior open bite and anterior spacing.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t141:\n\t\t\t\t\t783\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t795."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"572","article-title":"Orthodontic uprighting of a horizontally impacted third molar and protraction of mandibular second and third molars into the missing first molar space for a patient with posterior crossbites","volume":"151","author":"Baik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baik\n UB,\n \n \n Kim\n MR,\n \n \n Yoon\n KH,\n \n \n Kook\n YA,\n \n \n Park\n JH.\n \n \n Orthodontic uprighting of a horizontally impacted third molar and protraction of mandibular second and third molars into the missing first molar space for a patient with posterior crossbites.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t151:\n\t\t\t\t\t572\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t582."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b07","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"820","article-title":"Mandibular molar protraction as an alternative treatment for edentulous spaces: focus on changes in root length and alveolar bone height","volume":"146","author":"Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim\n SJ,\n \n \n Sung\n EH,\n \n \n Kim\n JW,\n \n \n Baik\n HS,\n \n \n Lee\n KJ.\n \n \n Mandibular molar protraction as an alternative treatment for edentulous spaces: focus on changes in root length and alveolar bone height.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Dent Assoc.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t146:\n\t\t\t\t\t820\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t829."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b08","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"353","article-title":"Correction of bimaxillary protrusion after extraction of hopeless mandibular posterior teeth and molar protraction","volume":"51","author":"Baik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baik\n UB,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Kook\n YA.\n \n \n Correction of bimaxillary protrusion after extraction of hopeless mandibular posterior teeth and molar protraction.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t51:\n\t\t\t\t\t353\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t359."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"165","article-title":"Anchorage reinforcement with a fixed functional appliance during protraction of the mandibular second molars into the first molar extraction sites","volume":"148","author":"Chhibber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chhibber\n A,\n \n \n Upadhyay\n M.\n \n \n Anchorage reinforcement with a fixed functional appliance during protraction of the mandibular second molars into the first molar extraction sites.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t148:\n\t\t\t\t\t165\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t173."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b10","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"575","article-title":"Miniscrew anchorage used to protract lower second molars into first molar extraction sites","volume":"37","author":"Kyung","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kyung\n SH,\n \n \n Choi\n JH,\n \n \n Park\n YC.\n \n \n Miniscrew anchorage used to protract lower second molars into first molar extraction sites.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t37:\n\t\t\t\t\t575\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t579."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"583","article-title":"Titanium screw anchorage for protraction of mandibular second molars into first molar extraction sites","volume":"134","author":"Nagaraj","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nagaraj\n K,\n \n \n Upadhyay\n M,\n \n \n Yadav\n S.\n \n \n Titanium screw anchorage for protraction of mandibular second molars into first molar extraction sites.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t134:\n\t\t\t\t\t583\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t591."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"337","article-title":"Spontaneous third-molar eruption after second-molar extraction in orthodontic patients","volume":"129","author":"De-la-Rosa-Gay","year":"2006","unstructured":"De-la-Rosa-Gay\n C,\n \n \n Valmaseda-Castell\u00f3n\n E,\n \n \n Gay-Escoda\n C.\n \n \n Spontaneous third-molar eruption after second-molar extraction in orthodontic patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t129:\n\t\t\t\t\t337\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t344."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"181","article-title":"Factors associated with spontaneous mesialization of impacted mandibular third molars after second molar protraction","volume":"90","author":"Baik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baik\n UB,\n \n \n Kang\n JH,\n \n \n Lee\n UL,\n \n \n Vaid\n NR,\n \n \n Kim\n YJ,\n \n \n Lee\n DY.\n \n \n Factors associated with spontaneous mesialization of impacted mandibular third molars after second molar protraction.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;\n\t\t\t\t\t90:\n\t\t\t\t\t181\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t186."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"178","article-title":"Factors associated with spontaneous angular changes of impacted mandibular third molars as a result of second molar protraction","volume":"156","author":"Baik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baik\n UB,\n \n \n Bayome\n M,\n \n \n Abbas\n NH,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Lee\n UL,\n \n \n Kim\n YJ.\n \n \n Factors associated with spontaneous angular changes of impacted mandibular third molars as a result of second molar protraction.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t156:\n\t\t\t\t\t178\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t185."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b15","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"513","article-title":"Change in alveolar bone level of mandibular second and third molars after second molar protraction into missing first molar or second premolar space","volume":"41","author":"Baik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baik\n UB,\n \n \n Choi\n HB,\n \n \n Kim\n YJ,\n \n \n Lee\n DY,\n \n \n Sugawara\n J,\n \n \n Nanda\n R.\n \n \n Change in alveolar bone level of mandibular second and third molars after second molar protraction into missing first molar or second premolar space.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J 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MS,\n \n \n Souki\n BQ,\n \n \n Benavides\n E,\n \n \n Nguyen\n T,\n \n \n Luiz\n RR,\n \n \n Franchi\n L,\n \n \n Cevidanes\n LHS.\n \n \n 3D mandibular superimposition: comparison of regions of reference for voxel-based registration.\n\t\t\t\t\tPLoS One.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t11:\n\t\t\t\t\te0157625."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b18","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"277","article-title":"Orthodontic tooth movement into edentulous ridge areas\u2014a case series","volume":"35","author":"Lindskog-Stokland","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lindskog-Stokland\n B,\n \n \n Hansen\n K,\n \n \n Ekestubbe\n A,\n \n \n Wennstr\u00f6m\n JL.\n \n \n Orthodontic tooth movement into edentulous ridge areas\u2014a case series.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t35:\n\t\t\t\t\t277\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t285."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"227","article-title":"A clinical study on closing edentulous spaces in the mandible","volume":"49","author":"Stepovich","year":"1979","unstructured":"Stepovich\n ML.\n \n \n A clinical study on closing edentulous spaces in the mandible.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1979;\n\t\t\t\t\t49:\n\t\t\t\t\t227\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t233."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"457","article-title":"The effects of space closure of the mandibular first molar area in adults","volume":"85","author":"Hom","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hom\n BM,\n \n \n Turley\n PK.\n \n \n The effects of space closure of the mandibular first molar area in adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1984;\n\t\t\t\t\t85:\n\t\t\t\t\t457\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t469."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"100","article-title":"Bone regeneration by bodily tooth movement: dental computed tomography examination of a patient","volume":"125","author":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz","year":"2004","unstructured":"G\u00fcnd\u00fcz\n E,\n \n \n Rodriguez-Torres\n C,\n \n \n Gahleitner\n A,\n \n \n Heissenberger\n G,\n \n \n Bantleon\n HP.\n \n \n Bone regeneration by bodily tooth movement: dental computed tomography examination of a patient.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2004;\n\t\t\t\t\t125:\n\t\t\t\t\t100\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t106."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b22","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"914","article-title":"Is the angulation of mandibular third molars associated with the thickness of lingual bone?","volume":"54","author":"Tolstunov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tolstunov\n L,\n \n \n Brickeen\n M,\n \n \n Kamanin\n V,\n \n \n Susarla\n SM,\n \n \n Selvi\n F.\n \n \n Is the angulation of mandibular third molars associated with the thickness of lingual bone?\n \n Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg\n 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dog","volume":"168","author":"Marks","year":"1983","unstructured":"Marks\n SC\n Jr,\n \n \n Cahill\n DR,\n \n \n Wise\n GE.\n \n \n The cytology of the dental follicle and adjacent alveolar bone during tooth eruption in the dog.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Anat.\n\t\t\t\t\t1983;\n\t\t\t\t\t168:\n\t\t\t\t\t277\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t289."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b25","series-title":"J Oral Pathol","first-page":"164","article-title":"Regional control by the dental follicle of alterations in alveolar bone metabolism during tooth eruption","volume":"16","author":"Marks","year":"1987","unstructured":"Marks\n SC\n Jr,\n \n \n Cahill\n DR.\n \n \n Regional control by the dental follicle of alterations in alveolar bone metabolism during tooth eruption.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Oral Pathol.\n\t\t\t\t\t1987;\n\t\t\t\t\t16:\n\t\t\t\t\t164\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t169."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-1-64-b26","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"563","article-title":"Types of tooth movement, bodily or tipping, do not affect the displacement of the tooth's center of resistance but do affect the alveolar bone resorption","volume":"87","author":"Kondo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kondo\n T,\n \n \n Hotokezaka\n H,\n \n \n Hamanaka\n R,\n \n et al.\n \n Types of tooth movement, bodily or tipping, do not affect the displacement of the tooth's center of resistance but do affect the alveolar bone resorption.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t87:\n\t\t\t\t\t563\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t569."}],"container-title":["The Angle 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