{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T14:34:19Z","timestamp":1783953259847,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the predictability of the Invisalign appliance (Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif) in leveling the maxillary curve of Spee (COS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective sample of adult subjects treated with the Invisalign appliance between 2013 and 2019 were selected. Patients were treated nonextraction in the maxillary arch and had either Angle Class I or II malocclusions with a minimum of 14 aligners with no bite ramps. Initial, predicted, and actual outcomes were analyzed with Geomagic Control X software (version 2017.0.3; 3D Systems, Cary, NC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A sample of 53 cases satisfied inclusion\/exclusion criteria. Paired\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests demonstrated a significant difference between mean predicted and actual maxillary COS leveling with a shortfall of 0.11 mm (SD = 0.37;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .033). Planned intrusion tended to be more accurate posteriorly with an overexpression of 117% for the first molars. Planned extrusion was the least accurate, with the mid-arch demonstrating expressions of \u201314% to \u201348%. These teeth intruded despite a prescribed extrusive movement.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Invisalign appliance did not accurately predict maxillary COS leveling. Planned intrusive movements were overcorrected, and planned extrusive movements were either undercorrected or resulted in intrusion. This effect was most apparent for the upper first molar, which expressed 117% and \u201348% of planned intrusion and extrusion, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/022423-128.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]],"date-time":"2023-06-11T01:25:40Z","timestamp":1686446740000},"page":"638-643","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The predictability of maxillary curve of Spee leveling with the Invisalign appliance"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Zi Wei","family":"Lim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurice J.","family":"Meade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b01","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"3","article-title":"Design of the Invisalign system performance.","volume":"23","author":"Morton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morton\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Derakhshan\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Kaza\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Li\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Design of the Invisalign system performance.\n          \n            Semin Orthod\n          . 2017; 23: 3\u201311."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"728","article-title":"Forces and moments generated by removable thermoplastic aligners: incisor torque, premolar derotation, and molar distalization.","volume":"145","author":"Simon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simon\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Keilig\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Schwarze\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Jung\n              BA,\n            \n            \n              Bourauel\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Forces and moments generated by removable thermoplastic aligners: incisor torque, premolar derotation, and molar distalization.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2014; 145: 728\u2013736."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b03","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"83","article-title":"Orthodontic clear aligner treatment.","volume":"23","author":"Wheeler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wheeler\n              TT.\n            \n          \n          Orthodontic clear aligner treatment.\n          \n            Semin Orthod\n          . 2017; 23: 83\u201389."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b04","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"365","article-title":"Invisalign(R) treatment in the anterior region: were the predicted tooth movements achieved?","volume":"73","author":"Krieger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krieger\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Seiferth\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Marinello\n              I,\n            \n            \n              Jung\n              BA,\n            \n            \n              Wriedt\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Jacobs\n              C,\n            \n            et al. \n          Invisalign(R) treatment in the anterior region: were the predicted tooth movements achieved?\n          \n            J Orofac Orthop\n          . 2012; 73: 365\u2013376."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"420","article-title":"Has Invisalign improved? A prospective follow-up study on the efficacy of tooth movement with Invisalign.","volume":"158","author":"Haouili","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haouili\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Kravitz\n              ND,\n            \n            \n              Vaid\n              NR,\n            \n            \n              Ferguson\n              DJ,\n            \n            \n              Makki\n              L.\n            \n          \n          Has Invisalign improved? A prospective follow-up study on the efficacy of tooth movement with Invisalign.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2020; 158: 420\u2013425."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b06","series-title":"J Can Dent Assoc","first-page":"263","article-title":"Clinical limitations of Invisalign.","volume":"73","author":"Phan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Phan\n              X,\n            \n            \n              Ling\n              PH.\n            \n          \n          Clinical limitations of Invisalign.\n          \n            J Can Dent Assoc\n          . 2007; 73: 263\u2013266."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b07","series-title":"J Dent Educ","first-page":"948","article-title":"Esthetic orthodontic treatment using the invisalign appliance for moderate to complex malocclusions.","volume":"72","author":"Boyd","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boyd\n              RL.\n            \n          \n          Esthetic orthodontic treatment using the invisalign appliance for moderate to complex malocclusions.\n          \n            J Dent Educ\n          . 2008; 72: 948\u2013967."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"164","article-title":"Effects of Invisalign (G5) with virtual bite ramps for skeletal deep overbite malocclusion correction in adults.","volume":"91","author":"Henick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Henick\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Dayan\n              W,\n            \n            \n              Dunford\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Warunek\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Al-Jewair\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Effects of Invisalign (G5) with virtual bite ramps for skeletal deep overbite malocclusion correction in adults.\n          \n            Angle Orthod\n          . 2021; 91: 164\u2013170."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"691","article-title":"Management of overbite with the Invisalign appliance.","volume":"151","author":"Khosravi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khosravi\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Cohanim\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Hujoel\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Daher\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Neal\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Liu\n              W,\n            \n            et al. \n          Management of overbite with the Invisalign appliance.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2017; 151: 691\u2013699."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e71","article-title":"Predictability of overbite control with the Invisalign appliance comparing SmartTrack with precision bite ramps to EX30.","volume":"162","author":"Blundell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blundell\n              HL,\n            \n            \n              Weir\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Byrne\n              G.\n            \n          \n          Predictability of overbite control with the Invisalign appliance comparing SmartTrack with precision bite ramps to EX30.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2022; 162: e71\u2013e81."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"296","article-title":"The six keys to normal occlusion.","volume":"62","author":"Andrews","year":"1972","unstructured":"Andrews\n              LF.\n            \n          \n          The six keys to normal occlusion.\n          \n            Am J Orthod\n          . 1972; 62: 296\u2013309."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"193","article-title":"The predictability of mandibular curve of Spee levelling with the Invisalign\u00ae appliance.","volume":"162","author":"Goh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goh\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Dreyer\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Weir\n              T.\n            \n          \n          The predictability of mandibular curve of Spee levelling with the Invisalign\u00ae appliance.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2022; 162: 193\u2013200."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b13","series-title":"Are predicted tooth positions achieved? Angle Orthod","first-page":"809","article-title":"How accurate is Invisalign in nonextraction cases?","volume":"87","author":"Gr\u00fcnheid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcnheid\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Loh\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Larson\n              BE.\n            \n          \n          How accurate is Invisalign in nonextraction cases?\n          Are predicted tooth positions achieved? Angle Orthod. 2017; 87: 809\u2013815."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"98","article-title":"The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc.","volume":"120","author":"Sarver","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sarver\n              DM.\n            \n          \n          The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2001; 120: 98\u2013111."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b15","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"536","article-title":"An evaluation of the curve of Spee in the maxilla and mandible of human permanent healthy dentitions.","volume":"92","author":"Xu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Xu\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Suzuki\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Muronoi\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Ooya\n              K.\n            \n          \n          An evaluation of the curve of Spee in the maxilla and mandible of human permanent healthy dentitions.\n          \n            J Prosthet Dent\n          . 2004; 92: 536\u2013539."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b16","series-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol","first-page":"226","article-title":"Spatial determinants of the mandibular curve of Spee in modern and archaic Homo.","volume":"161","author":"Laird","year":"2016","unstructured":"Laird\n              MF,\n            \n            \n              Holton\n              NE,\n            \n            \n              Scott\n              JE,\n            \n            \n              Franciscus\n              RG,\n            \n            \n              Marshall\n              SD,\n            \n            \n              Southard\n              TE.\n            \n          \n          Spatial determinants of the mandibular curve of Spee in modern and archaic Homo.\n          \n            Am J Phys Anthropol\n          . 2016; 161: 226\u2013236."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b17","series-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol","first-page":"99","article-title":"Orientation of the masseter muscle and the curve of Spee in relation to crushing forces on the molar teeth of primates.","volume":"92","author":"Osborn","year":"1993","unstructured":"Osborn\n              JW.\n            \n          \n          Orientation of the masseter muscle and the curve of Spee in relation to crushing forces on the molar teeth of primates.\n          \n            Am J Phys Anthropol\n          . 1993; 92: 99\u2013106."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b18","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0221137","article-title":"Development of the mandibular curve of spee and maxillary compensating curve: a finite element model.","volume":"14","author":"Marshall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marshall\n              SD,\n            \n            \n              Kruger\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Franciscus\n              RG,\n            \n            \n              Southard\n              TE.\n            \n          \n          Development of the mandibular curve of spee and maxillary compensating curve: a finite element model.\n          \n            PLoS One\n          . 2019; 14: e0221137."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"451","article-title":"Unplanned molar intrusion after Invisalign treatment.","volume":"162","author":"Talens-Cogollos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Talens-Cogollos\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Vela-Hernandez\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Peiro-Guijarro\n              MA,\n            \n            et al.\n          Unplanned molar intrusion after Invisalign treatment.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2022; 162: 451\u2013458."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b20","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"e2119360","article-title":"Cephalometric evaluation of changes in vertical dimension and molar position in adult non-extraction treatment with clear aligners and traditional fixed appliances.","volume":"26","author":"Rask","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rask\n              H,\n            \n            \n              English\n              JD,\n            \n            \n              Colville\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Kasper\n              FK,\n            \n            \n              Gallerano\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Jacob\n              HB.\n            \n          \n          Cephalometric evaluation of changes in vertical dimension and molar position in adult non-extraction treatment with clear aligners and traditional fixed appliances.\n          \n            Dental Press J Orthod\n          . 2021; 26: e2119360."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b21","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"28","article-title":"Accuracy of interproximal enamel reduction during clear aligner treatment.","volume":"21","author":"De Felice","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Felice\n              ME,\n            \n            \n              Nucci\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Fiori\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Flores-Mir\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Perillo\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Grassia\n              V.\n            \n          \n          Accuracy of interproximal enamel reduction during clear aligner treatment.\n          \n            Prog Orthod\n          . 2020; 21: 28."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b22","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"162","article-title":"Creative adjuncts for clear aligners, part 2: intrusion, rotation, and extrusion.","volume":"49","author":"Bowman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bowman\n              SJ,\n            \n            \n              Celenza\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Sparaga\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Papadopoulos\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Ojima\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Lin\n              JCY.\n            \n          \n          Creative adjuncts for clear aligners, part 2: intrusion, rotation, and extrusion.\n          \n            J Clin Orthod\n          . 2015; 49: 162\u2013172."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b01","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"3","article-title":"Design of the Invisalign system performance.","volume":"23","author":"Morton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morton\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Derakhshan\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Kaza\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Li\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Design of the Invisalign system performance.\n          \n            Semin Orthod\n          . 2017; 23: 3\u201311."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"728","article-title":"Forces and moments generated by removable thermoplastic aligners: incisor torque, premolar derotation, and molar distalization.","volume":"145","author":"Simon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simon\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Keilig\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Schwarze\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Jung\n              BA,\n            \n            \n              Bourauel\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Forces and moments generated by removable thermoplastic aligners: incisor torque, premolar derotation, and molar distalization.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2014; 145: 728\u2013736."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b03","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"83","article-title":"Orthodontic clear aligner treatment.","volume":"23","author":"Wheeler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wheeler\n              TT.\n            \n          \n          Orthodontic clear aligner treatment.\n          \n            Semin Orthod\n          . 2017; 23: 83\u201389."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b04","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"365","article-title":"Invisalign(R) treatment in the anterior region: were the predicted tooth movements achieved?","volume":"73","author":"Krieger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krieger\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Seiferth\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Marinello\n              I,\n            \n            \n              Jung\n              BA,\n            \n            \n              Wriedt\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Jacobs\n              C,\n            \n            et al. \n          Invisalign(R) treatment in the anterior region: were the predicted tooth movements achieved?\n          \n            J Orofac Orthop\n          . 2012; 73: 365\u2013376."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"420","article-title":"Has Invisalign improved? A prospective follow-up study on the efficacy of tooth movement with Invisalign.","volume":"158","author":"Haouili","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haouili\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Kravitz\n              ND,\n            \n            \n              Vaid\n              NR,\n            \n            \n              Ferguson\n              DJ,\n            \n            \n              Makki\n              L.\n            \n          \n          Has Invisalign improved? A prospective follow-up study on the efficacy of tooth movement with Invisalign.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2020; 158: 420\u2013425."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b06","series-title":"J Can Dent Assoc","first-page":"263","article-title":"Clinical limitations of Invisalign.","volume":"73","author":"Phan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Phan\n              X,\n            \n            \n              Ling\n              PH.\n            \n          \n          Clinical limitations of Invisalign.\n          \n            J Can Dent Assoc\n          . 2007; 73: 263\u2013266."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b07","series-title":"J Dent Educ","first-page":"948","article-title":"Esthetic orthodontic treatment using the invisalign appliance for moderate to complex malocclusions.","volume":"72","author":"Boyd","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boyd\n              RL.\n            \n          \n          Esthetic orthodontic treatment using the invisalign appliance for moderate to complex malocclusions.\n          \n            J Dent Educ\n          . 2008; 72: 948\u2013967."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"164","article-title":"Effects of Invisalign (G5) with virtual bite ramps for skeletal deep overbite malocclusion correction in adults.","volume":"91","author":"Henick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Henick\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Dayan\n              W,\n            \n            \n              Dunford\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Warunek\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Al-Jewair\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Effects of Invisalign (G5) with virtual bite ramps for skeletal deep overbite malocclusion correction in adults.\n          \n            Angle Orthod\n          . 2021; 91: 164\u2013170."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"691","article-title":"Management of overbite with the Invisalign appliance.","volume":"151","author":"Khosravi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khosravi\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Cohanim\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Hujoel\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Daher\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Neal\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Liu\n              W,\n            \n            et al. \n          Management of overbite with the Invisalign appliance.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2017; 151: 691\u2013699."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e71","article-title":"Predictability of overbite control with the Invisalign appliance comparing SmartTrack with precision bite ramps to EX30.","volume":"162","author":"Blundell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blundell\n              HL,\n            \n            \n              Weir\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Byrne\n              G.\n            \n          \n          Predictability of overbite control with the Invisalign appliance comparing SmartTrack with precision bite ramps to EX30.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2022; 162: e71\u2013e81."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"296","article-title":"The six keys to normal occlusion.","volume":"62","author":"Andrews","year":"1972","unstructured":"Andrews\n              LF.\n            \n          \n          The six keys to normal occlusion.\n          \n            Am J Orthod\n          . 1972; 62: 296\u2013309."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"193","article-title":"The predictability of mandibular curve of Spee levelling with the Invisalign\u00ae appliance.","volume":"162","author":"Goh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goh\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Dreyer\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Weir\n              T.\n            \n          \n          The predictability of mandibular curve of Spee levelling with the Invisalign\u00ae appliance.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2022; 162: 193\u2013200."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b13","series-title":"Are predicted tooth positions achieved? Angle Orthod","first-page":"809","article-title":"How accurate is Invisalign in nonextraction cases?","volume":"87","author":"Gr\u00fcnheid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcnheid\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Loh\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Larson\n              BE.\n            \n          \n          How accurate is Invisalign in nonextraction cases?\n          Are predicted tooth positions achieved? Angle Orthod. 2017; 87: 809\u2013815."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"98","article-title":"The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc.","volume":"120","author":"Sarver","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sarver\n              DM.\n            \n          \n          The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2001; 120: 98\u2013111."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b15","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"536","article-title":"An evaluation of the curve of Spee in the maxilla and mandible of human permanent healthy dentitions.","volume":"92","author":"Xu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Xu\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Suzuki\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Muronoi\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Ooya\n              K.\n            \n          \n          An evaluation of the curve of Spee in the maxilla and mandible of human permanent healthy dentitions.\n          \n            J Prosthet Dent\n          . 2004; 92: 536\u2013539."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b16","series-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol","first-page":"226","article-title":"Spatial determinants of the mandibular curve of Spee in modern and archaic Homo.","volume":"161","author":"Laird","year":"2016","unstructured":"Laird\n              MF,\n            \n            \n              Holton\n              NE,\n            \n            \n              Scott\n              JE,\n            \n            \n              Franciscus\n              RG,\n            \n            \n              Marshall\n              SD,\n            \n            \n              Southard\n              TE.\n            \n          \n          Spatial determinants of the mandibular curve of Spee in modern and archaic Homo.\n          \n            Am J Phys Anthropol\n          . 2016; 161: 226\u2013236."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b17","series-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol","first-page":"99","article-title":"Orientation of the masseter muscle and the curve of Spee in relation to crushing forces on the molar teeth of primates.","volume":"92","author":"Osborn","year":"1993","unstructured":"Osborn\n              JW.\n            \n          \n          Orientation of the masseter muscle and the curve of Spee in relation to crushing forces on the molar teeth of primates.\n          \n            Am J Phys Anthropol\n          . 1993; 92: 99\u2013106."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b18","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0221137","article-title":"Development of the mandibular curve of spee and maxillary compensating curve: a finite element model.","volume":"14","author":"Marshall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marshall\n              SD,\n            \n            \n              Kruger\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Franciscus\n              RG,\n            \n            \n              Southard\n              TE.\n            \n          \n          Development of the mandibular curve of spee and maxillary compensating curve: a finite element model.\n          \n            PLoS One\n          . 2019; 14: e0221137."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-6-638-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"451","article-title":"Unplanned molar intrusion after Invisalign treatment.","volume":"162","author":"Talens-Cogollos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Talens-Cogollos\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Vela-Hernandez\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Peiro-Guijarro\n              MA,\n            \n            et al.\n          Unplanned molar intrusion after Invisalign treatment.\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          . 2022; 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