{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:31:51Z","timestamp":1790854311459,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the craniofacial morphology of prematurely born children and that of matched full-term born controls.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold> White children 8 to 10 years of age, born at the University Hospitals of Lund and Malm\u00f6 and living in the same part of Sweden, were included. One group consisted of 36 very preterm children, born during gestational weeks 29 to 32; the other group included 36 extremely preterm children, who were born before the 29th gestational week. Subjects were compared with a control group of 31 full-term children, who were matched for gender, age, nationality, and living area. One lateral head radiograph was taken for each child, and the cephalometric analysis included 15 angular and 11 linear variables. Also, the height, weight, and head circumference of each child were registered.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> A significantly shorter anterior cranial base and a less convex skeletal profile were found among extremely preterm children, and significantly shorter maxillary length was noted in both extremely preterm and very preterm groups as compared with full-term children. The lower incisors were significantly more retroclined and retruded in the extremely preterm group compared with the very preterm group and the full-term control group. Extremely preterm children were significantly shorter, and both extremely preterm and very preterm children had significantly lower weight and smaller head circumference compared with full-term children.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The null hypothesis was rejected because several craniofacial parameters differed significantly between preterm and full-term born control children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/030108-124.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,24]],"date-time":"2008-09-24T19:34:45Z","timestamp":1222284885000},"page":"276-283","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Craniofacial Morphology in Prematurely Born Children"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Liselotte","family":"Paulsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a\u2009Consultant Orthodontist, Research Fellow, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malm\u00f6 University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Bondemark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b\u2009Chair and Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malm\u00f6 University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0276-b1","series-title":"Acta Paediatr","first-page":"557","article-title":"Ten-year follow-up of children born before 29 gestational weeks: health, cognitive development, behaviour and school achievement.","volume":"88","author":"Stjernqvist, K.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stjernqvist, K. and N. W.Svenningsen. Ten-year follow-up of children born before 29 gestational weeks: health, cognitive development, behaviour and school achievement.Acta Paediatr1999. 88:557\u2013562."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0276-b2","series-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"78","article-title":"A multicenter study of preterm birth weight and gestational age\u2013specific neonatal mortality.","volume":"168","author":"Copper, R. L.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Copper, R. L., R. L.Goldenberg, R. K.Creasy, M. B.DuBard, R. O.Davis, S. S.Entman, J. D.Iams, and S. P.Cliver. A multicenter study of preterm birth weight and gestational age\u2013specific neonatal mortality.Am J Obstet Gynecol1993. 168:78\u201384."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0276-b3","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"975","article-title":"Actuarial survival in the premature infant less than 30 weeks' gestation.","volume":"101","author":"Cooper, T. R.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cooper, T. R., C. L.Berseth, J. M.Adams, and L. E.Weisman. Actuarial survival in the premature infant less than 30 weeks' gestation.Pediatrics1998. 101:975\u2013978."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0276-b4","series-title":"Semin Neonatol","first-page":"89","article-title":"Outcomes of children of extremely low birth weight and gestational age in the 1990s.","volume":"5","author":"Hack, M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hack, M. and A. A.Fanaroff. Outcomes of children of extremely low birth weight and gestational age in the 1990s.Semin Neonatol2000. 5:89\u2013106."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0276-b5","series-title":"J Perinatol","first-page":"454","article-title":"Growth patterns for infants weighing less than 801 grams at birth to 3 years of age.","volume":"14","author":"Daily, D. K.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Daily, D. K., H. W.Kilbride, R.Wheeler, and R.Hassanein. 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Growth in 10- to 12-year-old children born at 23 to 25 weeks' gestation in the 1990s: a Swedish national prospective follow-up study.Pediatrics2006. 118:1452\u20131465."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0276-b8","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"269","article-title":"A systematic review of the consequences of premature birth on palatal morphology, dental occlusion, tooth-crown dimensions, and tooth maturity and eruption.","volume":"74","author":"Paulsson, L.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Paulsson, L., L.Bondemark, and B.S\u00f6derfeldt. A systematic review of the consequences of premature birth on palatal morphology, dental occlusion, tooth-crown dimensions, and tooth maturity and eruption.Angle Orthod2004. 74:269\u2013279."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0276-b9","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"615","article-title":"Sagittal occlusal relationships and asymmetry in prematurely born children.","volume":"24","author":"Harila-Kaera, V.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Harila-Kaera, V., M.Gr\u00f6n, T.Heikkinen, and L.Alvesalo. Sagittal occlusal relationships and asymmetry in prematurely born children.Eur J Orthod2002. 24:615\u2013625."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0276-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"786","article-title":"Malocclusion traits and orthodontic treatment needs in prematurely born children.","volume":"78","author":"Paulsson, L.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Paulsson, L., B.S\u00f6derfeldt, and L.Bondemark. Malocclusion traits and orthodontic treatment needs in prematurely born children.Angle Orthod2008. 78:786\u2013792."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0276-b11","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"144","article-title":"Basic mechanism in craniofacial growth.","volume":"53","author":"Thilander, B.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Thilander, B.\n          \n          Basic mechanism in craniofacial growth.\n          Acta Odontol Scand\n          1995. 53:144\u2013151."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0276-b12","series-title":"Eur J Oral Sci","first-page":"359","article-title":"Craniofacial morphology, dental occlusion, tooth eruption, and dental maturity in boys of short stature with or without growth hormone deficiency.","volume":"108","author":"Kjellberg, H.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kjellberg, H., M.Beiring, and K.Albertsson Wikland. Craniofacial morphology, dental occlusion, tooth eruption, and dental maturity in boys of short stature with or without growth hormone deficiency.Eur J Oral Sci2000. 108:359\u2013367."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0276-b13","article-title":"The relationship of the jaws to the cranium.","author":"Bj\u00f6rk, A.","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rk, A.\n          \n          The relationship of the jaws to the cranium.\n          In: Lundstr\u00f6m A, ed. Introduction to Orthodontics. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1960:104\u2013140."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0276-b14","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"370","article-title":"Roentgen-cephalometric standards for a Swedish population: a longitudinal study between the ages of 5 and 31 years.","volume":"27","author":"Thilander, B.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thilander, B., M.Persson, and U.Adolfsson. Roentgen-cephalometric standards for a Swedish population: a longitudinal study between the ages of 5 and 31 years.Eur J Orthod2005. 27:370\u2013389."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0276-b15","article-title":"Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students.","author":"Dahlberg, G.","unstructured":"Dahlberg, G.\n          \n          Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students.\n          London, United Kingdom: Allen and Unwin; 1940: 122\u2013132."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0276-b16","series-title":"Ann Human Biol","first-page":"59","article-title":"The pattern of facial growth before and during puberty, as shown by French-Canadian girls.","volume":"6","author":"Baughan, B.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Baughan, B., A.Demirjian, G. Y.Levesque, and L.Lapalme-Chaput. 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A comparative study of southern Chinese and British Caucasian cephalometric standards.Angle Orthod1989. 59:131\u2013138."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0276-b19","series-title":"Pediatr Dent","first-page":"349","article-title":"Prevalence of oral defects among neonatally intubated 3- to 5- and 7- to 10-year-old children.","volume":"13","author":"Kopra, D. E.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kopra, D. E. and E. L.Davis. Prevalence of oral defects among neonatally intubated 3- to 5- and 7- to 10-year-old children.Pediatr Dent1991. 13:349\u2013355."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0276-b20","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"1466","article-title":"Chronic conditions, functional limitations, and special health care need in 10- to 12-year-old children born at 23 to 25 weeks' gestation in the 1990s: a Swedish national prospective follow-up study.","volume":"118","author":"Farooqi, A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Farooqi, A., B.H\u00e4ggl\u00f6f, G.Sedin, L.Gothefors, and F.Serenius. Chronic conditions, functional limitations, and special health care need in 10- to 12-year-old children born at 23 to 25 weeks' gestation in the 1990s: a Swedish national prospective follow-up study.Pediatrics2006. 118:1466\u20131477."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/79\/2\/article-p276.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/79\/2\/276\/1387616\/030108-124_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/79\/2\/article-p276.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/79\/2\/article-p276.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:45:22Z","timestamp":1747356322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/79\/2\/article-p276.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/030108-124.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}}}