{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:26:04Z","timestamp":1787588764053,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To assess the upper airway (UAW) total volume (TV), the nasopharyngeal narrowest area (NNA), and the oropharyngeal narrowest area (ONA) in patients with bronchial asthma.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n The sample consisted of 52 patients divided into two groups: the control group (n \u200a=\u200a 26; mean age \u200a=\u200a 14.85\u00a0years), which consisted of patients not suffering from bronchial asthma; and the asthmatic group (n \u200a=\u200a 26; mean age \u200a=\u200a 16.65\u00a0years), which consisted of patients with bronchial asthma. To assess UAW-related variables (TV, NNA, and ONA), cone-beam computed tomography scans of the patients were evaluated by means of the Dolphin Imaging software 11.5. All measurements were repeated after 30\u00a0days, and the results were submitted to reliability tests by means of the intraclass correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman agreement test. The values obtained for TV, NNA, and ONA for each group were compared by using Student's\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test for independent samples (5% level of significance).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The results showed that the groups were matched concerning gender, cephalometric characteristics, and type of malocclusion. The asthmatic group had significantly lower TV (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u200a=\u200a .01) and ONA (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u200a=\u200a .007) than the control group. However, no significant difference was observed for NNA between the groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u200a=\u200a .54).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Bronchial asthma may be a determining factor for the reduction of UAW dimensions, as patients with asthma showed significant reductions in TV and ONA dimensions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/030113-176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,6]],"date-time":"2014-03-06T14:42:05Z","timestamp":1394116925000},"page":"254-259","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Three-dimensional upper-airway assessment in patients with bronchial asthma"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Alexandre Marcos","family":"Bandeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Former graduate student, Orthodontic Department, University of North Parana (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula Vanessa Pedron","family":"Oltramari-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Full Professor, Orthodontic Department, University of North Parana (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"de Lima Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Researcher, Department of Dentistry, Area of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State University of Maring\u00e1, Maring\u00e1, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia","family":"de Castro Ferreira Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Full Professor, Orthodontic Department, University of North Parana (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcio Rodrigues","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Full Professor, Orthodontic Department, University of North Parana (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen Barros Parron","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Full Professor, Health and Biological Sciences Research Center, University of North Parana (UNOPAR), Londrina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"i0003-3219-84-2-254-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"333","article-title":"Histomorphometric study of the periodontal ligament in the initial period of orthodontic movement in Wistar rats with induced allergic asthma","volume":"142","author":"Machado\n CC,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Machado\n CC, \n \n Nojima Mda\n C, \n \n Rodrigues e Silva\n PM, \n \n Mandarim-de-Lacerda\n CA. \n \n Histomorphometric study of the periodontal ligament in the initial period of orthodontic movement in Wistar rats with induced allergic asthma. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142(3):333\u2013338."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-84-2-254-b02","series-title":"Am J Pharm Educ","first-page":"1","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of asthma","volume":"71","author":"Zdanowicz\n MM.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zdanowicz\n MM. \n \n Pharmacotherapy of asthma. Am J Pharm Educ. 2007;71(5):1\u201312, (article 98)."},{"issue":"10 suppl 3","key":"i0003-3219-84-2-254-b03","series-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm","first-page":"S5","article-title":"Asthma pathophysiology and evidence-based treatment of severe exacerbations","volume":"63","author":"Schreck\n DM.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schreck\n DM. \n \n Asthma pathophysiology and evidence-based treatment of severe exacerbations. 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Thorax. 2009;64:476\u2013483."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-2-254-b06","series-title":"J Asthma","first-page":"307","article-title":"The effects of asthma on dental and facial deformities","volume":"43","author":"Faria\n VC,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Faria\n VC, \n \n de Oliveira\n MA, \n \n Santos\n LA, \n \n Santoro\n IL, \n \n Fernandes\n AL. \n \n The effects of asthma on dental and facial deformities. J Asthma. 2006;43:307\u2013309."},{"issue":"suppl","key":"i0003-3219-84-2-254-b07","series-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol","first-page":"S201","article-title":"Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and rhinitis comorbidity","volume":"106","author":"Leynaert\n B,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Leynaert\n B, \n \n Neukirch\n F, \n \n Demoly\n P, \n \n Bousquet\n J. \n \n Epidemiologic evidence for asthma and rhinitis comorbidity. 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J Clin Pediatr Dent. 1993;17(2):89\u201394."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-2-254-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"468","article-title":"Comparison of airway space with conventional lateral headfilms and 3-dimensional reconstruction from cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"135","author":"Aboudara\n C,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aboudara\n C, \n \n Nielsen\n I, \n \n Huang\n JC, \n \n Maki\n K, \n \n Miller\n AJ, \n \n Hatcher\n D. \n \n Comparison of airway space with conventional lateral headfilms and 3-dimensional reconstruction from cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:468\u2013479."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3219-84-2-254-b11","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"96","article-title":"An analysis of different approaches to the assessment of upper airway morphology: a CBCT study","volume":"13","author":"Lenza\n MG,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lenza\n MG, \n \n Lenza\n MM, \n \n Dalstra\n M, \n \n Melsen\n B, \n \n Cattaneo\n PM. \n \n An analysis of different approaches to the assessment of upper airway morphology: a CBCT study. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2010;13(2):96\u2013105."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-2-254-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"318 e1","article-title":"Oropharyngeal airway in children with Class III malocclusion evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"136","author":"Iwasaki\n T,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Iwasaki\n T, \n \n Hayasaki\n H, \n \n Takemoto\n Y, \n \n Kanomi\n R, \n \n Yamasaki\n Y. \n \n Oropharyngeal airway in children with Class III malocclusion evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:318 e1\u2013e9; discussion 318\u2013319."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-2-254-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"306 e1","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway in preadolescent children with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns","volume":"137","author":"Kim\n YJ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim\n YJ, \n \n Hong\n JS, \n \n Hwang\n YI, \n \n Park\n YH. \n \n Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway in preadolescent children with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:306 e1\u2013e11; discussion 306\u2013307."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-2-254-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"805","article-title":"Pharyngeal airway volume and shape from cone-beam computed tomography: relationship to facial morphology","volume":"136","author":"Grauer\n D,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Grauer\n D, \n \n Cevidanes\n LS, \n \n Styner\n MA, \n \n Ackerman\n JL, \n \n Proffit\n WR. \n \n Pharyngeal airway volume and shape from cone-beam computed tomography: relationship to facial morphology. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136:805\u2013814."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-2-254-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"410","article-title":"Cephalometric assessment in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"109","author":"Pracharktam\n N,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pracharktam\n N, \n \n Nelson\n S, \n \n Hans\n MG, \n et al\n . Cephalometric assessment in obstructive sleep apnea. 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J Clin Pediatr Dent. 1993;17(2):89\u201394."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-2-254-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"468","article-title":"Comparison of airway space with conventional lateral headfilms and 3-dimensional reconstruction from cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"135","author":"Aboudara\n C,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aboudara\n C, \n \n Nielsen\n I, \n \n Huang\n JC, \n \n Maki\n K, \n \n Miller\n AJ, \n \n Hatcher\n D. \n \n Comparison of airway space with conventional lateral headfilms and 3-dimensional reconstruction from cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:468\u2013479."},{"issue":"2","key":"i0003-3219-84-2-254-b11","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"96","article-title":"An analysis of different approaches to the assessment of upper airway morphology: a CBCT study","volume":"13","author":"Lenza\n MG,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lenza\n MG, \n \n Lenza\n MM, \n \n Dalstra\n M, \n \n Melsen\n B, \n \n Cattaneo\n PM. \n \n An analysis of different approaches to the assessment of upper airway morphology: a CBCT study. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2010;13(2):96\u2013105."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-2-254-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"318 e1","article-title":"Oropharyngeal airway in children with Class III malocclusion evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"136","author":"Iwasaki\n T,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Iwasaki\n T, \n \n Hayasaki\n H, \n \n Takemoto\n Y, \n \n Kanomi\n R, \n \n Yamasaki\n Y. \n \n Oropharyngeal airway in children with Class III malocclusion evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography. 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