{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T15:37:51Z","timestamp":1760888271660,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> To evaluate the morphological changes in the lips and to determine the degree of improvement in the smile after orthodontic treatment for Class II division 1 malocclusion.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold> The sample subjects were divided into two groups: a group that consisted of 20 adult female patients with Angle Class II division 1 malocclusion and a control group that consisted of 28 adult female volunteers with normal occlusion. Frontal photographs were taken before and after orthodontic treatment, and 35 landmarks were placed on each tracing made from the photograph. Thereafter, landmarks were digitized into an x- and y-coordinate system with the subnasal point as the origin. The comparisons between pretreatment and posttreatment at rest and on smiling, and the comparisons between Class II division 1 and control group were made using Student's <jats:italic>t-<\/jats:italic>test.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Both the upper and lower lips in the smile of patients in the Class II division 1 pretreatment group were positioned downward, and the upward movement of the upper lip and mouth corners was smaller in comparison with the control group. These characteristics of the Class II smile improved after orthodontic treatment, but the differences with the control group remained unchanged immediately after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n        <jats:p>\n          <jats:bold>Conclusion<\/jats:bold>: The soft tissue morphology shows a relative improvement after orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/030308-125.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,24]],"date-time":"2008-09-24T19:34:49Z","timestamp":1222284889000},"page":"256-264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Lip Morphological Changes in Orthodontic Treatment"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Rafiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a\u2009Postgraduate student, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Kitahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b\u2009Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lutfun","family":"Naher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c\u2009Postgraduate student, Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"d\u2009Clinical Fellow, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Nakasima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"e\u2009Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0256-b1","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"21","article-title":"The influence of dentofacial appearance on the social attractiveness of young adults.","volume":"87","author":"Shaw, W. 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U.\n          \n          Esthetic factors involved in anterior tooth display and the smile: vertical dimension.\n          J Clin Orthod\n          1998. 32:432\u2013445."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0256-b25","series-title":"Orthodontic Waves-Jpn Ed","first-page":"92","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of smile movement using high speed cameras for the subjects with normal occlusions and jaw deformities.","volume":"66","author":"Ishikawa, T.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ishikawa, T., Y.Saito, S.Muraoka, T.Kitahara, H.Ioi, and A.Nakasima. Three-dimensional analysis of smile movement using high speed cameras for the subjects with normal occlusions and jaw deformities.Orthodontic Waves-Jpn Ed2007. 66:92\u2013105."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-02-0256-b26","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"38","article-title":"A computer assisted photogrammetric analysis of soft tissue changes after orthodontic treatment. Part II: results.","volume":"108","author":"Cummins, D. M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cummins, D. M., S. E.Bishara, and J. R.Jakobsen. A computer assisted photogrammetric analysis of soft tissue changes after orthodontic treatment. Part II: results.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1995. 108:38\u201347."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/79\/2\/article-p256.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/79\/2\/256\/1388122\/030308-125_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/79\/2\/article-p256.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/79\/2\/article-p256.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:47:51Z","timestamp":1747356471000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/79\/2\/article-p256.xml"}},"subtitle":["Class II division 1 Malocclusion and Normal Occlusion at Rest and on Smiling"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/030308-125.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0003-3219"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1945-7103"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}}}