{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:05:20Z","timestamp":1780067120934,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To compare the effect of clear twin block (CTB) and traditional twin block (TTB) appliances on speech.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n In this randomized clinical trial, 18 skeletal Class II (Class II, division 1) growing patients were selected and randomly divided into CTB and TTB groups. Objective and semiobjective speech assessment tests were performed for vowel and consonant analyses at four time intervals: before (T0), immediately after (T1), 1 month after (T2), and 3 months after (T3) inserting the appliance. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and independent\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test at the .05 significance level.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Intergroup comparisons showed that the CTB group had less speech distortion immediately after insertion of the appliance (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05) than the TTB group; however, the differences were not significant at other time intervals. Intragroup comparisons showed that the number of distortions decreased significantly from T1 to T3 in both groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05). In contrast to CTB, the T0\u2013T3 comparison was significant in the TTB group.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Although both appliances had some effects on speech, CTB had less speech distortion immediately after insertion, which is a very crucial moment in patient compliance. Additionally, articulation structures adapted to CTB faster than to TTB.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/030323-149.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T09:45:31Z","timestamp":1724492731000},"page":"608-614","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of the effect of clear twin block and traditional twin block on speech: a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Mohammad Rahim","family":"Shahbodaghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Zali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Behroozian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hooshang","family":"Dadgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"470","article-title":"Analysis of efficacy of functional appliances on mandibular growth","volume":"122","author":"Chen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chen\n JY,\n \n \n Will\n LA,\n \n \n Niederman\n R.\n \n \n Analysis of efficacy of functional appliances on mandibular growth. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2002;122:470\u2013476."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"1","article-title":"The twin block technique. A functional orthopedic appliance system","volume":"93","author":"Clark","year":"1988","unstructured":"Clark\n WJ.\n \n \n The twin block technique. A functional orthopedic appliance system. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1988;93:1\u201318."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b03","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"40","article-title":"Dentoskeletal changes in Class II malocclusion patients after treatment with the twin block functional appliance","volume":"16","author":"Brunharo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brunharo\n IHVP,\n \n \n Quint\u00e3o\n CA,\n \n \n Almeida\n MAO,\n \n \n Motta\n A,\n \n \n Barreto\n SYN.\n \n \n Dentoskeletal changes in Class II malocclusion patients after treatment with the twin block functional appliance. Dental Press J Orthod. 2011;16(5):40.e1\u201340.e8."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b04","series-title":"Dent Hypotheses","first-page":"91","article-title":"Clear twin block: a step forward in functional appliances","volume":"11","author":"Behroozian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Behroozian\n A,\n \n \n Kalman\n L.\n \n \n Clear twin block: a step forward in functional appliances. Dent Hypotheses. 2020;11:91\u201394."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b05","series-title":"Turk J Orthod","first-page":"77","article-title":"Comparison of dentoskeletal changes, esthetic, and functional efficacy of conventional and novel esthetic twin block sppliances among Class II growing patients: a pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Tripathi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tripathi\n T,\n \n \n Singh\n N,\n \n \n Rai\n P,\n \n \n Gupta\n P.\n \n \n Comparison of dentoskeletal changes, esthetic, and functional efficacy of conventional and novel esthetic twin block sppliances among Class II growing patients: a pilot study. Turk J Orthod. 2020;33(2):77\u201384."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b06","series-title":"Iran J Orthod","first-page":"e1160","article-title":"Clear twin block versus traditional twin block: a clinical electromyographic comparison","volume":"19","author":"Behroozian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Behroozian\n A,\n \n \n Pourahmad\n A,\n \n \n Zali\n M,\n \n \n Zandesh\n A,\n \n \n Teimouri\n N.\n \n \n Clear twin block versus traditional twin block: a clinical electromyographic comparison. Iran J Orthod. 2024;19(1):e1160."},{"issue":"supp1","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b07","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"s27","article-title":"Lingual orthodontic treatment: what is the current evidence base","volume":"40","author":"Auluck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Auluck\n A.\n \n \n Lingual orthodontic treatment: what is the current evidence base? J Orthod. 2013;40(supp1):s27\u2013s33."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b08","series-title":"Int Orthod","first-page":"513","article-title":"Effects of Invisalignt treatment on speech articulation","volume":"17","author":"Pogal-Sussman-Gandia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pogal-Sussman-Gandia\n CB,\n \n \n Tabbaa\n S,\n \n \n Al-Jewair\n T.\n \n \n Effects of Invisalignt treatment on speech articulation. Int Orthod. 2019;17:513\u2013518."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"684","article-title":"Pain and discomfort during orthodontic treatment: causative factors and effects on compliance","volume":"114","author":"Sergl","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sergl\n HG,\n \n \n Klages\n U,\n \n \n Zentner\n A.\n \n \n Pain and discomfort during orthodontic treatment: causative factors and effects on compliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;114(6):684\u2013691."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"711","article-title":"Effects of orthodontic treatment with aligners and fixed appliances on speech","volume":"91","author":"Damasceno Melo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Damasceno Melo\n PE,\n \n \n Bocato\n JR,\n \n \n de Castro Ferreira Conti\n AC,\n \n et al.\n Effects of orthodontic treatment with aligners and fixed appliances on speech. Angle Orthod. 2021;91(6):711\u2013717."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"519","article-title":"Speech performance and oral impairments with lingual and labial orthodontic appliances in the first stage of fixed treatment","volume":"83","author":"Khattab","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khattab\n TZ,\n \n \n Farah\n H,\n \n \n Al-Sabbagh\n R,\n \n \n Hajeer\n MY,\n \n \n Haj-Hamed\n Y.\n \n \n Speech performance and oral impairments with lingual and labial orthodontic appliances in the first stage of fixed treatment. Angle Orthod. 2013;83(3):519\u2013526."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b12","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"440","article-title":"Comparing the effects of Essix and Hawley retainers on the acoustics of speech","volume":"39","author":"Atik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Atik\n E,\n \n \n Esen Aydinli\n F,\n \n \n Kulak Kayik\u00e7i\n ME,\n \n \n Ciger\n S.\n \n \n Comparing the effects of Essix and Hawley retainers on the acoustics of speech. Eur J Orthod. 2017;39(4):440\u2013445. 27507127"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b13","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"760.e1\u2013760","article-title":"Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on voice","volume":"30","author":"Macari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Macari\n AT,\n \n \n Ziade\n G,\n \n \n Khandakji\n M,\n \n \n Tamim\n H,\n \n \n Hamdan\n AL.\n \n \n Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on voice. J Voice. 2016;30(6):760.e1\u2013760.e6."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b14","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"398","article-title":"Relationship between patient discomfort, appliance acceptance and compliance in orthodontic therapy","volume":"61","author":"Doll","year":"2000","unstructured":"Doll\n GM,\n \n \n Zentner\n A,\n \n \n Klages\n U,\n \n et al.\n Relationship between patient discomfort, appliance acceptance and compliance in orthodontic therapy. J Orofac Orthop. 2000;61(6):398\u2013413."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b15","series-title":"J Acoust Soc Am","first-page":"3005","article-title":"Toward a consensus on symbolic notation of harmonics, resonances, and formants in vocalization","volume":"137","author":"Titze","year":"2015","unstructured":"Titze\n IR,\n \n \n Baken\n RJ,\n \n \n Bozeman\n KW,\n \n et al.\n Toward a consensus on symbolic notation of harmonics, resonances, and formants in vocalization. J Acoust Soc Am. 2015;137(5):3005\u20133007."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b16","series-title":"Aust J Basic Appl Sci","first-page":"701","article-title":"A new design of twin block appliance for treatment of mandibular deficiency in mixed dentition stage","volume":"6","author":"El Kattan","year":"2012","unstructured":"El Kattan\n E.\n \n \n Abou El-Yazeed\n M,\n \n \n Aya\n E.\n \n \n A new design of twin block appliance for treatment of mandibular deficiency in mixed dentition stage. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 2012;6(10):701\u2013707."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b17","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"724","article-title":"Adult patients\u2019 adjustability to orthodontic appliances. Part I: a comparison between labial, lingual, and Invisaligne","volume":"34","author":"Shalish","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shalish\n M,\n \n \n Cooper-Kazaz\n R,\n \n \n Ivgi\n I,\n \n et al.\n Adult patients\u2019 adjustability to orthodontic appliances. Part I: a comparison between labial, lingual, and Invisaligne. Eur J Orthod. 2012;34:724\u2013730."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b18","series-title":"Med Princ Pract","first-page":"382","article-title":"Comparison of short-term oral impacts experienced by patients treated with Invisalign or conventional fixed orthodontic appliances","volume":"29","author":"Alajmi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alajmi\n S,\n \n \n Shaban\n A,\n \n \n Al-Azemi\n R.\n \n \n Comparison of short-term oral impacts experienced by patients treated with Invisalign or conventional fixed orthodontic appliances. Med Princ Pract. 2020;29:382\u2013388."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b19","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"162","article-title":"Motivation, acceptance and problems of Invisalign patients","volume":"66","author":"Nedwed","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nedwed\n V,\n \n \n Miethke\n RR.\n \n \n Motivation, acceptance and problems of Invisalign patients. J Orofac Orthop. 2005;66:162\u2013173."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b20","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"298","article-title":"Speech effects of the maxillary retainer","volume":"37","author":"Erb","year":"1967","unstructured":"Erb\n DP.\n \n \n Speech effects of the maxillary retainer. Angle Orthod. 1967;37:298\u2013303."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"535","article-title":"Effects of retainers on the articulation of speech","volume":"110","author":"Haydar","year":"1996","unstructured":"Haydar\n B,\n \n \n Karabulut\n G,\n \n \n Ozkan\n S,\n \n \n Aksoy\n AU,\n \n \n Ci\u011fer\n S.\n \n \n Effects of retainers on the articulation of speech. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;110(5):535\u2013540. doi:10.1016\/s0889-5406(96)70062-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b22","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"14","article-title":"Effects of Hawley retainers on consonants and formant frequencies of vowels","volume":"82","author":"Kulak Kayikci","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kulak Kayikci\n ME,\n \n \n Akan\n S,\n \n \n Ciger\n S,\n \n \n Ozkan\n S.\n \n \n Effects of Hawley retainers on consonants and formant frequencies of vowels. Angle Orthod. 2012;82(1):14\u201321."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"286","article-title":"Speech effects of Hawley and vacuum-formed retainers by acoustic analysis: a single-center randomized controlled trial","volume":"87","author":"Wan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wan\n J,\n \n \n Wang\n T,\n \n \n Pei\n X,\n \n \n Wan\n Q,\n \n \n Feng\n W,\n \n \n Chen\n J.\n \n \n Speech effects of Hawley and vacuum-formed retainers by acoustic analysis: a single-center randomized controlled trial. Angle Orthod. 2017;87(2):286\u2013292."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"80","article-title":"Speech performance in adult patients undergoing Invisalign treatment","volume":"92","author":"Fraundorf","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fraundorf\n EC,\n \n \n Ara\u00fajo\n E,\n \n \n Ueno\n H,\n \n \n Schneider\n PP,\n \n \n Kim\n KB.\n \n \n Speech performance in adult patients undergoing Invisalign treatment. Angle Orthod. 2022;92(1):80\u201386."},{"issue":"15","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b25","series-title":"J Evolution Med Dent Sci","first-page":"1064","article-title":"Discomfort, expectations and experiences during treatment of Class II malocclusion with clear block and twin block appliance\u2014a pilot survey","volume":"10","author":"Gurudatta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gurudatta\n NS,\n \n \n Kamble,\n Ranjit H,\n \n et al.\n Discomfort, expectations and experiences during treatment of Class II malocclusion with clear block and twin block appliance\u2014a pilot survey. J Evolution Med Dent Sci. 2021; 10(15):1064\u20131068."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b26","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"88","article-title":"Early and late electromyographic response to treatment with activators","volume":"74","author":"Ahlgren","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ahlgren\n J.\n \n \n Early and late electromyographic response to treatment with activators. Am J Orthod. 1978;74:88\u201393."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b27","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"264","article-title":"Functional processes when wearing the SII appliance during the day","volume":"62","author":"Sander","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sander\n FG.\n \n \n Functional processes when wearing the SII appliance during the day. J Orofac Orthop. 2001;62:264\u2013275."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b28","series-title":"J Acoust Soc Am","first-page":"426","article-title":"Relationship between tongue positions and formant frequencies in female speakers","volume":"139","author":"Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee\n J,\n \n \n Shaiman\n S,\n \n \n Weismer\n G.\n \n \n Relationship between tongue positions and formant frequencies in female speakers. J Acoust Soc Am. 2016;139(1):426\u2013440."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"470","article-title":"Analysis of efficacy of functional appliances on mandibular growth","volume":"122","author":"Chen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chen\n JY,\n \n \n Will\n LA,\n \n \n Niederman\n R.\n \n \n Analysis of efficacy of functional appliances on mandibular growth. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2002;122:470\u2013476."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop","first-page":"1","article-title":"The twin block technique. A functional orthopedic appliance system","volume":"93","author":"Clark","year":"1988","unstructured":"Clark\n WJ.\n \n \n The twin block technique. A functional orthopedic appliance system. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1988;93:1\u201318."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b03","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"40","article-title":"Dentoskeletal changes in Class II malocclusion patients after treatment with the twin block functional appliance","volume":"16","author":"Brunharo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brunharo\n IHVP,\n \n \n Quint\u00e3o\n CA,\n \n \n Almeida\n MAO,\n \n \n Motta\n A,\n \n \n Barreto\n SYN.\n \n \n Dentoskeletal changes in Class II malocclusion patients after treatment with the twin block functional appliance. Dental Press J Orthod. 2011;16(5):40.e1\u201340.e8."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b04","series-title":"Dent Hypotheses","first-page":"91","article-title":"Clear twin block: a step forward in functional appliances","volume":"11","author":"Behroozian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Behroozian\n A,\n \n \n Kalman\n L.\n \n \n Clear twin block: a step forward in functional appliances. Dent Hypotheses. 2020;11:91\u201394."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b05","series-title":"Turk J Orthod","first-page":"77","article-title":"Comparison of dentoskeletal changes, esthetic, and functional efficacy of conventional and novel esthetic twin block sppliances among Class II growing patients: a pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Tripathi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tripathi\n T,\n \n \n Singh\n N,\n \n \n Rai\n P,\n \n \n Gupta\n P.\n \n \n Comparison of dentoskeletal changes, esthetic, and functional efficacy of conventional and novel esthetic twin block sppliances among Class II growing patients: a pilot study. Turk J Orthod. 2020;33(2):77\u201384."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b06","series-title":"Iran J Orthod","first-page":"e1160","article-title":"Clear twin block versus traditional twin block: a clinical electromyographic comparison","volume":"19","author":"Behroozian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Behroozian\n A,\n \n \n Pourahmad\n A,\n \n \n Zali\n M,\n \n \n Zandesh\n A,\n \n \n Teimouri\n N.\n \n \n Clear twin block versus traditional twin block: a clinical electromyographic comparison. Iran J Orthod. 2024;19(1):e1160."},{"issue":"supp1","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b07","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"s27","article-title":"Lingual orthodontic treatment: what is the current evidence base","volume":"40","author":"Auluck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Auluck\n A.\n \n \n Lingual orthodontic treatment: what is the current evidence base? J Orthod. 2013;40(supp1):s27\u2013s33."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b08","series-title":"Int Orthod","first-page":"513","article-title":"Effects of Invisalignt treatment on speech articulation","volume":"17","author":"Pogal-Sussman-Gandia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pogal-Sussman-Gandia\n CB,\n \n \n Tabbaa\n S,\n \n \n Al-Jewair\n T.\n \n \n Effects of Invisalignt treatment on speech articulation. Int Orthod. 2019;17:513\u2013518."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"684","article-title":"Pain and discomfort during orthodontic treatment: causative factors and effects on compliance","volume":"114","author":"Sergl","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sergl\n HG,\n \n \n Klages\n U,\n \n \n Zentner\n A.\n \n \n Pain and discomfort during orthodontic treatment: causative factors and effects on compliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;114(6):684\u2013691."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"711","article-title":"Effects of orthodontic treatment with aligners and fixed appliances on speech","volume":"91","author":"Damasceno Melo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Damasceno Melo\n PE,\n \n \n Bocato\n JR,\n \n \n de Castro Ferreira Conti\n AC,\n \n et al.\n Effects of orthodontic treatment with aligners and fixed appliances on speech. Angle Orthod. 2021;91(6):711\u2013717."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"519","article-title":"Speech performance and oral impairments with lingual and labial orthodontic appliances in the first stage of fixed treatment","volume":"83","author":"Khattab","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khattab\n TZ,\n \n \n Farah\n H,\n \n \n Al-Sabbagh\n R,\n \n \n Hajeer\n MY,\n \n \n Haj-Hamed\n Y.\n \n \n Speech performance and oral impairments with lingual and labial orthodontic appliances in the first stage of fixed treatment. Angle Orthod. 2013;83(3):519\u2013526."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b12","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"440","article-title":"Comparing the effects of Essix and Hawley retainers on the acoustics of speech","volume":"39","author":"Atik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Atik\n E,\n \n \n Esen Aydinli\n F,\n \n \n Kulak Kayik\u00e7i\n ME,\n \n \n Ciger\n S.\n \n \n Comparing the effects of Essix and Hawley retainers on the acoustics of speech. Eur J Orthod. 2017;39(4):440\u2013445. 27507127"},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b13","series-title":"J Voice","first-page":"760.e1\u2013760","article-title":"Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on voice","volume":"30","author":"Macari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Macari\n AT,\n \n \n Ziade\n G,\n \n \n Khandakji\n M,\n \n \n Tamim\n H,\n \n \n Hamdan\n AL.\n \n \n Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on voice. J Voice. 2016;30(6):760.e1\u2013760.e6."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b14","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"398","article-title":"Relationship between patient discomfort, appliance acceptance and compliance in orthodontic therapy","volume":"61","author":"Doll","year":"2000","unstructured":"Doll\n GM,\n \n \n Zentner\n A,\n \n \n Klages\n U,\n \n et al.\n Relationship between patient discomfort, appliance acceptance and compliance in orthodontic therapy. J Orofac Orthop. 2000;61(6):398\u2013413."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b15","series-title":"J Acoust Soc Am","first-page":"3005","article-title":"Toward a consensus on symbolic notation of harmonics, resonances, and formants in vocalization","volume":"137","author":"Titze","year":"2015","unstructured":"Titze\n IR,\n \n \n Baken\n RJ,\n \n \n Bozeman\n KW,\n \n et al.\n Toward a consensus on symbolic notation of harmonics, resonances, and formants in vocalization. J Acoust Soc Am. 2015;137(5):3005\u20133007."},{"issue":"10","key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b16","series-title":"Aust J Basic Appl Sci","first-page":"701","article-title":"A new design of twin block appliance for treatment of mandibular deficiency in mixed dentition stage","volume":"6","author":"El Kattan","year":"2012","unstructured":"El Kattan\n E.\n \n \n Abou El-Yazeed\n M,\n \n \n Aya\n E.\n \n \n A new design of twin block appliance for treatment of mandibular deficiency in mixed dentition stage. Aust J Basic Appl Sci. 2012;6(10):701\u2013707."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b17","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"724","article-title":"Adult patients\u2019 adjustability to orthodontic appliances. Part I: a comparison between labial, lingual, and Invisaligne","volume":"34","author":"Shalish","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shalish\n M,\n \n \n Cooper-Kazaz\n R,\n \n \n Ivgi\n I,\n \n et al.\n Adult patients\u2019 adjustability to orthodontic appliances. Part I: a comparison between labial, lingual, and Invisaligne. Eur J Orthod. 2012;34:724\u2013730."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b18","series-title":"Med Princ Pract","first-page":"382","article-title":"Comparison of short-term oral impacts experienced by patients treated with Invisalign or conventional fixed orthodontic appliances","volume":"29","author":"Alajmi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alajmi\n S,\n \n \n Shaban\n A,\n \n \n Al-Azemi\n R.\n \n \n Comparison of short-term oral impacts experienced by patients treated with Invisalign or conventional fixed orthodontic appliances. Med Princ Pract. 2020;29:382\u2013388."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-6-608-b19","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"162","article-title":"Motivation, acceptance and problems of Invisalign patients","volume":"66","author":"Nedwed","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nedwed\n V,\n \n \n Miethke\n RR.\n \n \n Motivation, acceptance and problems of Invisalign patients. 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