{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T10:32:23Z","timestamp":1780482743572,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test the null hypotheses that children with unilateral agenesis of the mandibular second premolar (MnP2) do not show (1) greater distal angulation of the unerupted antimere and (2) delayed tooth formation compared with children without agenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Panoramic radiographs of 38 patients with unilateral aplasia of MnP2 were retrospectively examined and compared to a non-agenesic control group of 82 patients. Ages ranged from 8 to 15\u00a0years. Contralateral mandibular deciduous second molars were present for all participants. Each unerupted MnP2 was traced, and its developmental stage and angulation were recorded (measured with the distal angle and the premolar-molar angle). Dental age was evaluated using the Haavikko method. Student's\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test was performed to identify significant differences between the compared groups. The significance level for statistical testing was set at\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results indicated a 9.5\u00b0 decrease in the distal angle and a 13.2\u00b0 increase in the premolar-molar angle for the unerupted MnP2 in the agenesis sample. This was a highly statistically significant difference (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001 and\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .0001, respectively) compared with the MnP2 inclinations in the control sample. The delay in dental age was significantly greater in patients with agenesis (2.1\u00a0years) compared with the delay in the control group (1.5\u00a0years) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both null hypotheses are rejected. The results of this study statistically support the hypothesis that aplasia of MnP2, distally displaced MnP2s, and delayed tooth formation are part of a genetically related pattern of dental anomalies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/030513-183.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,24]],"date-time":"2013-07-24T19:20:53Z","timestamp":1374693653000},"page":"24-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Dental anomaly pattern (DAP): Agenesis of mandibular second premolar, distal angulation of its antimere and delayed tooth formation"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Joana","family":"Navarro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate student, Department of Orthodontics, Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Cavaller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate student, Department of Orthodontics, Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estela","family":"Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate student, Department of Orthodontics, Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Tobella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Head, Department of Orthodontics, Hospital Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 3","key":"i0003-3219-84-1-24-b01","series-title":"Odontol Revy","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hypodontia in the permanent dentition. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;117:650\u2013656."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-24-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"436","article-title":"Increased occurrence of dental anomalies associated with second-premolar agenesis","volume":"79","author":"Garib\n              DG,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Garib\n              DG, \n            \n              Peck\n              S, \n            \n              Gomes\n              SC. \n          \n          Increased occurrence of dental anomalies associated with second-premolar agenesis. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:608\u2013610."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-24-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"99","article-title":"Maxillary canine-first premolar transposition, associated dental anomalies and genetic basis","volume":"63","author":"Peck\n              L,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Peck\n              L, \n            \n              Peck\n              S, \n            \n              Attia\n              Y. \n          \n          Maxillary canine-first premolar transposition, associated dental anomalies and genetic basis. 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Eur J Orthod. 1990;12:135\u2013139."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-24-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"796","article-title":"Malposition of unerupted mandibular second premolar in children with palatally displaced canines","volume":"79","author":"Shalish\n              M,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shalish\n              M, \n            \n              Chaushu\n              S, \n            \n              Wasserstein\n              A. \n          \n          Malposition of unerupted mandibular second premolar in children with palatally displaced canines. 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Orthod Craniofac Res. 2010;13:191\u2013196."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-24-b22","series-title":"Aust Orthod J","first-page":"168","article-title":"A family case report: disturbances in tooth form and eruption of the second premolar","volume":"14","author":"Symons\n              AL,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Symons\n              AL, \n            \n              Taverne\n              AA. \n          \n          A family case report: disturbances in tooth form and eruption of the second premolar. Aust Orthod J. 1996;14:168\u2013171."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-24-b23","series-title":"Suom Hammaslaak Toim","first-page":"103","article-title":"The formation and alveolar and clinical eruption of the permanent teeth. An orthopantomographic study","volume":"66","author":"Haavikko\n              K.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Haavikko\n              K. \n          \n          The formation and alveolar and clinical eruption of the permanent teeth. An orthopantomographic study. Suom Hammaslaak Toim. 1970;66:103\u2013170."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-24-b24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"11","article-title":"Extreme distal migration of the mandibular second bicuspid. A variant of eruption","volume":"52","author":"Matteson\n              SR,","year":"1982","unstructured":"Matteson\n              SR, \n            \n              Kantor\n              ML, \n            \n              Proffit\n              WR. \n          \n          Extreme distal migration of the mandibular second bicuspid. A variant of eruption. Angle Orthod. 1982;52:11\u201318."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-24-b25","series-title":"Aust Dent J","first-page":"279","article-title":"Conservative management of lower second premolar impaction","volume":"45","author":"Collett\n              AR.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Collett\n              AR. \n          \n          Conservative management of lower second premolar impaction. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;141:307\u2013314."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"i0003-3219-84-1-24-b32","series-title":"Forensic Sci Int","first-page":"S68","article-title":"Accuracy of age estimation of radiographic methods using developing teeth","volume":"15","author":"Maber\n              M,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Maber\n              M, \n            \n              Liversidge\n              HM, \n            \n              Hector\n              MP. \n          \n          Accuracy of age estimation of radiographic methods using developing teeth. 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Angle Orthod. 1998;68:267\u2013274."},{"key":"i0003-3219-84-1-24-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"441","article-title":"Prevalence of tooth agenesis and peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisor associated with palatally displaced canine (PDC) anomaly","volume":"110","author":"Peck\n              S,","year":"1996","unstructured":"Peck\n              S, \n            \n              Peck\n              L, \n            \n              Kataja\n              M. \n          \n          Prevalence of tooth agenesis and peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisor associated with palatally displaced canine (PDC) anomaly. 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