{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T02:43:01Z","timestamp":1789958581151,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the mandibular alveolar bone thickness in untreated skeletal Class I subjects with different vertical skeletal patterns.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 50 preorthodontic treatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of a skeletal Class I Chinese population with near-normal occlusion were selected. The buccal and lingual alveolar bone thicknesses of mandibular canines to second molars were measured at 2 mm below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), mid-root, and root apex levels. Differences in the measurements were analyzed with Mann-Whitney\n U<\/jats:italic>\n -test. The correlation between alveolar bone thickness and the sella-nasion\u2013mandibular plane (SN-MP) angle was calculated using Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression analysis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Buccal alveolar bone was thinner on all mandibular canines to first molars but thicker on second molars in comparison with lingual alveolar bone. Buccal alveolar bone was within 1 mm at the levels of 2 mm below CEJ and mid-root for the canines and first premolars. Significant differences were detected among subjects with different vertical patterns, with a negative correlation between the SN-MP angle and alveolar thickness, especially in the canine and premolar regions. The thinnest buccal and lingual alveolar bone were detected in the high-angle group canine region (0.50 mm at the levels of 2 mm below CEJ and mid-root for the buccal side, 0.90 mm at the level of 2 mm below the CEJ for the lingual side).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n To avoid periodontal complications, buccal-lingual movement of the mandibular canines and first premolars should be limited, especially in high-angle patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/030523-151.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T06:09:14Z","timestamp":1690524554000},"page":"683-694","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Mandibular alveolar bone thickness in untreated Class I subjects with different vertical skeletal patterns: a cone-beam computed tomography study"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Joseph","family":"Formosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Hsi","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Normand S.","family":"Boucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenshuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b01","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"S204","article-title":"Mucogingival conditions in the natural dentition: narrative review, case definitions, and diagnostic considerations","volume":"89","author":"Cortellini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cortellini\n P,\n \n \n Bissada\n NF.\n \n \n Mucogingival conditions in the natural dentition: narrative review, case definitions, and diagnostic considerations. J Periodontol. 2018;\n89(suppl 1):S204\u2013S213."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b02","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"46","article-title":"Mucogingival considerations in orthodontic treatment","volume":"2","author":"Wennstr\u00f6m","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wennstr\u00f6m\n JL.\n \n \n Mucogingival considerations in orthodontic treatment. Semin Orthod. 1996;\n2(1):46\u201354."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b03","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"24","article-title":"A CBCT evaluation of root position in bone, long axis inclination and relationship to the WALA Ridge","volume":"25","author":"Glass","year":"2019","unstructured":"Glass\n TR,\n \n \n Tremont\n T,\n \n \n Martin\n CA,\n \n \n Ngan\n PW.\n \n \n A CBCT evaluation of root position in bone, long axis inclination and relationship to the WALA Ridge. Semin Orthod. 2019;\n25(1):24\u201335."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"22","article-title":"Association between nonextraction clear aligner therapy and alveolar bone dehiscences and fenestrations in adults with mild-to-moderate crowding","volume":"163","author":"Allahham","year":"2023","unstructured":"Allahham\n DO,\n \n \n Kotsailidi\n EA,\n \n \n Barmak\n AB,\n \n \n Rossouw\n PE,\n \n \n El-Bialy\n T,\n \n \n Michelogiannakis\n D.\n \n \n Association between nonextraction clear aligner therapy and alveolar bone dehiscences and fenestrations in adults with mild-to-moderate crowding. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2023;\n163(1):22\u201332, e24."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"179","article-title":"Computed tomography evaluation of mandibular incisor bony support in untreated patients","volume":"138","author":"Gracco","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gracco\n A,\n \n \n Luca\n L,\n \n \n Bongiorno\n MC,\n \n \n Siciliani\n G.\n \n \n Computed tomography evaluation of mandibular incisor bony support in untreated patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;\n138(2):179\u2013187."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b06","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"194","article-title":"Alveolar bone mapping in subjects with different vertical facial dimensions","volume":"37","author":"Sadek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sadek\n MM,\n \n \n Sabet\n NE,\n \n \n Hassan\n IT.\n \n \n Alveolar bone mapping in subjects with different vertical facial dimensions. Eur J Orthod. 2015;\n37(2):194\u2013201."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b07","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"349","article-title":"Assessment of lower incisor alveolar bone width using cone-beam computed tomography images in skeletal Class III adults of different vertical patterns","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee\n S,\n \n \n Hwang\n S,\n \n \n Jang\n W,\n \n \n Choi\n YJ,\n \n \n Chung\n CJ,\n \n \n Kim\n KH.\n \n \n Assessment of lower incisor alveolar bone width using cone-beam computed tomography images in skeletal Class III adults of different vertical patterns. Korean J Orthod. 2018;\n48(6):349\u2013356."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b08","series-title":"Int Orthod","first-page":"79","article-title":"Comparison of anterior mandibular alveolar thickness and height in young adults with different sagittal and vertical skeletal relationships: a CBCT Study","volume":"18","author":"Casanova-Sarmiento","year":"2020","unstructured":"Casanova-Sarmiento\n JA,\n \n \n Arriola-Guillen\n LE,\n \n \n Ruiz-Mora\n GA,\n \n \n Rodriguez-Cardenas\n YA,\n \n \n Aliaga-Del Castillo\n A.\n \n \n Comparison of anterior mandibular alveolar thickness and height in young adults with different sagittal and vertical skeletal relationships: a CBCT Study. Int Orthod. 2020;\n18(1):79\u201388."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b09","series-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)","first-page":"3144","article-title":"Maxillary sinus dimensions in Skeletal Class I Chinese population with different vertical skeletal patterns: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang\n J,\n \n \n Zou\n M,\n \n \n Syverson\n A,\n \n \n Zheng\n Z,\n \n \n Li\n C.\n \n \n Maxillary sinus dimensions in Skeletal Class I Chinese population with different vertical skeletal patterns: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;\n12(12):3144."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"411","article-title":"High-efficiency treatment with the use of traditional anchorage control for a patient with Class II malocclusion and severe overjet","volume":"155","author":"Cao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cao\n L,\n \n \n Li\n J,\n \n \n Yang\n C,\n \n \n Hu\n B,\n \n \n Zhang\n X,\n \n \n Sun\n J.\n \n \n High-efficiency treatment with the use of traditional anchorage control for a patient with Class II malocclusion and severe overjet. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019;\n155(3):411\u2013420."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"545","article-title":"Treatment of a Class II Division 1 malocclusion with the combination of a myofunctional trainer and fixed appliances","volume":"156","author":"Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li\n X,\n \n \n Wang\n H,\n \n \n Li\n S,\n \n \n Bai\n Y.\n \n \n Treatment of a Class II Division 1 malocclusion with the combination of a myofunctional trainer and fixed appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019;\n156(4):545\u2013554."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"421","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of Brodie bite assisted by 3-dimensional planning and assessment","volume":"154","author":"Song","year":"2018","unstructured":"Song\n G,\n \n \n Chen\n H,\n \n \n Xu\n T.\n \n \n Nonsurgical treatment of Brodie bite assisted by 3-dimensional planning and assessment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018;\n154(3):421\u2013432."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b13","series-title":"J Mod Appl Stat Methods","first-page":"26","article-title":"New effect size rules of thumb","volume":"8","author":"Sawilowsky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sawilowsky\n SS.\n \n \n New effect size rules of thumb. J Mod Appl Stat Methods. 2009;\n8(2):26."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b14","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"766.e1\u2013766","article-title":"Evaluation of anatomic variations of mandibular lingual concavities from cone beam computed tomography scans in a Malaysian population","volume":"125","author":"Tan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tan\n WY,\n \n \n Ng\n JZL,\n \n \n Ajit Bapat\n R,\n \n \n Vijaykumar Chaubal\n T,\n \n \n Kishor Kanneppedy\n S.\n \n \n Evaluation of anatomic variations of mandibular lingual concavities from cone beam computed tomography scans in a Malaysian population. J Prosthet Dent. 2021;\n125(5):766.e1\u2013766.e8."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"905","article-title":"Primary failure rate for 1680 extra-alveolar mandibular buccal shelf mini-screws placed in movable mucosa or attached gingiva","volume":"85","author":"Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang\n C,\n \n \n Liu\n SS,\n \n \n Roberts\n WE.\n \n \n Primary failure rate for 1680 extra-alveolar mandibular buccal shelf mini-screws placed in movable mucosa or attached gingiva. Angle Orthod. 2015;\n85(6):905\u2013910."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b16","series-title":"British J Orthod","first-page":"235","article-title":"Stability and relapse of dental arch alignment","volume":"17","author":"Little","year":"1990","unstructured":"Little\n RM.\n \n \n Stability and relapse of dental arch alignment. British J Orthod. 1990;\n17(3):235\u2013241."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"146","article-title":"A longitudinal evaluation of the anterior border of the dentition","volume":"104","author":"Rossouw","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rossouw\n PE,\n \n \n Preston\n CB,\n \n \n Lombard\n CJ,\n \n \n Truter\n JW.\n \n \n A longitudinal evaluation of the anterior border of the dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;\n104(2):146\u2013152."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"734","article-title":"Accuracy and reliability of buccal bone height and thickness measurements from cone-beam computed tomography imaging","volume":"140","author":"Timock","year":"2011","unstructured":"Timock\n AM,\n \n \n Cook\n V,\n \n \n McDonald\n T,\n \n et al.\n \n Accuracy and reliability of buccal bone height and thickness measurements from cone-beam computed tomography imaging. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;\n140(5):734\u2013744."},{"issue":"4 suppl","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S130","article-title":"Considerations in the use of cone-beam computed tomography for buccal bone measurements","volume":"137","author":"Molen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Molen\n AD.\n \n \n Considerations in the use of cone-beam computed tomography for buccal bone measurements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;\n137(4 suppl):S130\u2013S135."},{"issue":"4 suppl","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e377","article-title":"Cross-sectional human mandibular morphology as assessed in vivo by cone-beam computed tomography in patients with different vertical facial dimensions","volume":"139","author":"Swasty","year":"2011","unstructured":"Swasty\n D,\n \n \n Lee\n J,\n \n \n Huang\n JC,\n \n et al.\n \n Cross-sectional human mandibular morphology as assessed in vivo by cone-beam computed tomography in patients with different vertical facial dimensions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;\n139(4 suppl):e377\u2013e389."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e117","article-title":"Effect of bone thickness on alveolar bone-height measurements from cone-beam computed tomography images","volume":"139","author":"Sun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sun\n Z,\n \n \n Smith\n T,\n \n \n Kortam\n S,\n \n \n Kim\n DG,\n \n \n Tee\n BC,\n \n \n Fields\n H.\n \n \n Effect of bone thickness on alveolar bone-height measurements from cone-beam computed tomography images. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;\n139(2):e117\u2013e127."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"192","article-title":"Evaluation of marginal alveolar bone in the anterior mandible with pretreatment and posttreatment computed tomography in nonextraction patients","volume":"149","author":"Garlock","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garlock\n DT,\n \n \n Buschang\n PH,\n \n \n Araujo\n EA,\n \n \n Behrents\n RG,\n \n \n Kim\n KB.\n \n \n Evaluation of marginal alveolar bone in the anterior mandible with pretreatment and posttreatment computed tomography in nonextraction patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;\n149(2):192\u2013201."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b23","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"230","article-title":"Estimating craniofacial growth cessation: comparison of asymptote- and rate-based methods","volume":"59","author":"Hardin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hardin\n AM,\n \n \n Knigge\n RP,\n \n \n Oh\n HS,\n \n et al.\n \n Estimating craniofacial growth cessation: comparison of asymptote- and rate-based methods. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2022;\n59(2):230\u2013238."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b24","series-title":"Int Orthod","first-page":"389","article-title":"Alveolar bone thickness overlying healthy maxillary and mandibular teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Shafizadeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shafizadeh\n M,\n \n \n Tehranchi\n A,\n \n \n Shirvani\n A,\n \n \n Motamedian\n SR.\n \n \n Alveolar bone thickness overlying healthy maxillary and mandibular teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Orthod. 2021;\n19(3):389\u2013405."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b01","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"S204","article-title":"Mucogingival conditions in the natural dentition: narrative review, case definitions, and diagnostic considerations","volume":"89","author":"Cortellini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cortellini\n P,\n \n \n Bissada\n NF.\n \n \n Mucogingival conditions in the natural dentition: narrative review, case definitions, and diagnostic considerations. J Periodontol. 2018;\n89(suppl 1):S204\u2013S213."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b02","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"46","article-title":"Mucogingival considerations in orthodontic treatment","volume":"2","author":"Wennstr\u00f6m","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wennstr\u00f6m\n JL.\n \n \n Mucogingival considerations in orthodontic treatment. Semin Orthod. 1996;\n2(1):46\u201354."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b03","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"24","article-title":"A CBCT evaluation of root position in bone, long axis inclination and relationship to the WALA Ridge","volume":"25","author":"Glass","year":"2019","unstructured":"Glass\n TR,\n \n \n Tremont\n T,\n \n \n Martin\n CA,\n \n \n Ngan\n PW.\n \n \n A CBCT evaluation of root position in bone, long axis inclination and relationship to the WALA Ridge. Semin Orthod. 2019;\n25(1):24\u201335."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"22","article-title":"Association between nonextraction clear aligner therapy and alveolar bone dehiscences and fenestrations in adults with mild-to-moderate crowding","volume":"163","author":"Allahham","year":"2023","unstructured":"Allahham\n DO,\n \n \n Kotsailidi\n EA,\n \n \n Barmak\n AB,\n \n \n Rossouw\n PE,\n \n \n El-Bialy\n T,\n \n \n Michelogiannakis\n D.\n \n \n Association between nonextraction clear aligner therapy and alveolar bone dehiscences and fenestrations in adults with mild-to-moderate crowding. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2023;\n163(1):22\u201332, e24."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"179","article-title":"Computed tomography evaluation of mandibular incisor bony support in untreated patients","volume":"138","author":"Gracco","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gracco\n A,\n \n \n Luca\n L,\n \n \n Bongiorno\n MC,\n \n \n Siciliani\n G.\n \n \n Computed tomography evaluation of mandibular incisor bony support in untreated patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;\n138(2):179\u2013187."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b06","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"194","article-title":"Alveolar bone mapping in subjects with different vertical facial dimensions","volume":"37","author":"Sadek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sadek\n MM,\n \n \n Sabet\n NE,\n \n \n Hassan\n IT.\n \n \n Alveolar bone mapping in subjects with different vertical facial dimensions. Eur J Orthod. 2015;\n37(2):194\u2013201."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b07","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"349","article-title":"Assessment of lower incisor alveolar bone width using cone-beam computed tomography images in skeletal Class III adults of different vertical patterns","volume":"48","author":"Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee\n S,\n \n \n Hwang\n S,\n \n \n Jang\n W,\n \n \n Choi\n YJ,\n \n \n Chung\n CJ,\n \n \n Kim\n KH.\n \n \n Assessment of lower incisor alveolar bone width using cone-beam computed tomography images in skeletal Class III adults of different vertical patterns. Korean J Orthod. 2018;\n48(6):349\u2013356."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b08","series-title":"Int Orthod","first-page":"79","article-title":"Comparison of anterior mandibular alveolar thickness and height in young adults with different sagittal and vertical skeletal relationships: a CBCT Study","volume":"18","author":"Casanova-Sarmiento","year":"2020","unstructured":"Casanova-Sarmiento\n JA,\n \n \n Arriola-Guillen\n LE,\n \n \n Ruiz-Mora\n GA,\n \n \n Rodriguez-Cardenas\n YA,\n \n \n Aliaga-Del Castillo\n A.\n \n \n Comparison of anterior mandibular alveolar thickness and height in young adults with different sagittal and vertical skeletal relationships: a CBCT Study. Int Orthod. 2020;\n18(1):79\u201388."},{"issue":"12","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b09","series-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)","first-page":"3144","article-title":"Maxillary sinus dimensions in Skeletal Class I Chinese population with different vertical skeletal patterns: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang\n J,\n \n \n Zou\n M,\n \n \n Syverson\n A,\n \n \n Zheng\n Z,\n \n \n Li\n C.\n \n \n Maxillary sinus dimensions in Skeletal Class I Chinese population with different vertical skeletal patterns: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;\n12(12):3144."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"411","article-title":"High-efficiency treatment with the use of traditional anchorage control for a patient with Class II malocclusion and severe overjet","volume":"155","author":"Cao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cao\n L,\n \n \n Li\n J,\n \n \n Yang\n C,\n \n \n Hu\n B,\n \n \n Zhang\n X,\n \n \n Sun\n J.\n \n \n High-efficiency treatment with the use of traditional anchorage control for a patient with Class II malocclusion and severe overjet. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019;\n155(3):411\u2013420."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"545","article-title":"Treatment of a Class II Division 1 malocclusion with the combination of a myofunctional trainer and fixed appliances","volume":"156","author":"Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li\n X,\n \n \n Wang\n H,\n \n \n Li\n S,\n \n \n Bai\n Y.\n \n \n Treatment of a Class II Division 1 malocclusion with the combination of a myofunctional trainer and fixed appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2019;\n156(4):545\u2013554."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"421","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of Brodie bite assisted by 3-dimensional planning and assessment","volume":"154","author":"Song","year":"2018","unstructured":"Song\n G,\n \n \n Chen\n H,\n \n \n Xu\n T.\n \n \n Nonsurgical treatment of Brodie bite assisted by 3-dimensional planning and assessment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018;\n154(3):421\u2013432."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b13","series-title":"J Mod Appl Stat Methods","first-page":"26","article-title":"New effect size rules of thumb","volume":"8","author":"Sawilowsky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sawilowsky\n SS.\n \n \n New effect size rules of thumb. J Mod Appl Stat Methods. 2009;\n8(2):26."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b14","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"766.e1\u2013766","article-title":"Evaluation of anatomic variations of mandibular lingual concavities from cone beam computed tomography scans in a Malaysian population","volume":"125","author":"Tan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tan\n WY,\n \n \n Ng\n JZL,\n \n \n Ajit Bapat\n R,\n \n \n Vijaykumar Chaubal\n T,\n \n \n Kishor Kanneppedy\n S.\n \n \n Evaluation of anatomic variations of mandibular lingual concavities from cone beam computed tomography scans in a Malaysian population. J Prosthet Dent. 2021;\n125(5):766.e1\u2013766.e8."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"905","article-title":"Primary failure rate for 1680 extra-alveolar mandibular buccal shelf mini-screws placed in movable mucosa or attached gingiva","volume":"85","author":"Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang\n C,\n \n \n Liu\n SS,\n \n \n Roberts\n WE.\n \n \n Primary failure rate for 1680 extra-alveolar mandibular buccal shelf mini-screws placed in movable mucosa or attached gingiva. Angle Orthod. 2015;\n85(6):905\u2013910."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b16","series-title":"British J Orthod","first-page":"235","article-title":"Stability and relapse of dental arch alignment","volume":"17","author":"Little","year":"1990","unstructured":"Little\n RM.\n \n \n Stability and relapse of dental arch alignment. British J Orthod. 1990;\n17(3):235\u2013241."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"146","article-title":"A longitudinal evaluation of the anterior border of the dentition","volume":"104","author":"Rossouw","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rossouw\n PE,\n \n \n Preston\n CB,\n \n \n Lombard\n CJ,\n \n \n Truter\n JW.\n \n \n A longitudinal evaluation of the anterior border of the dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;\n104(2):146\u2013152."},{"issue":"5","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"734","article-title":"Accuracy and reliability of buccal bone height and thickness measurements from cone-beam computed tomography imaging","volume":"140","author":"Timock","year":"2011","unstructured":"Timock\n AM,\n \n \n Cook\n V,\n \n \n McDonald\n T,\n \n et al.\n \n Accuracy and reliability of buccal bone height and thickness measurements from cone-beam computed tomography imaging. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;\n140(5):734\u2013744."},{"issue":"4 suppl","key":"i1945-7103-93-6-683-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S130","article-title":"Considerations in the use of cone-beam computed tomography for buccal bone measurements","volume":"137","author":"Molen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Molen\n AD.\n \n \n Considerations in the use of cone-beam computed tomography for buccal bone measurements. 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Int Orthod. 2021;\n19(3):389\u2013405."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/93\/6\/article-p683.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/93\/6\/683\/3284551\/i1945-7103-93-6-683.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/93\/6\/article-p683.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/93\/6\/article-p683.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:24:02Z","timestamp":1780064642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/93\/6\/article-p683.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/030523-151.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7103","0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}}}