{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:06:29Z","timestamp":1780067189181,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To compare the effects of two common methods of overbite reduction on smile esthetics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A prospective clinical trial was conducted with 32 patients in whom overbite reduction was achieved using a maxillary incisor intrusion arch (18 patients) or flat anterior bite plate (14 patients). Clinical and cephalometric records were compared pretreatment (T1), after overbite reduction (T2), and posttreatment (T3).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Both treatment groups experienced a reduction in overbite and maxillary and mandibular incisor proclination during treatment (T1\u2013T3). The center of resistance of the maxillary incisor and the incisal edge was significantly intruded in the intrusion arch group during overbite reduction (T1\u2013T2). However, most of the intrusion of the center of resistance was lost by the end of treatment (T2\u2013T3). Both treatment groups experienced a reduction in maxillary incisor display and flattening of the smile arc during overbite reduction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Both overbite reduction methods caused a decrease in incisor display and flattening of the smile arc. Smiles were improved in some patients by the end of treatment. However, reduction in incisor display persisted. Clinicians should take precautions to prevent negative effects of overbite reduction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/030819-177.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T13:02:24Z","timestamp":1563195744000},"page":"847-854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Does overbite reduction affect smile esthetics?"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Ahmad M.","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon M.","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Edmond, Okla."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin E.","family":"Kelleher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Midlothian, Va."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherif N.","family":"Elhady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Fairfax, Va."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Lindauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norborne Muir Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b01","series-title":"Angle Orhtod","first-page":"32","article-title":"The mandibular incisor \u2013it's role in facial esthetics","volume":"25","author":"Wylie \n WL.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Wylie \n WL. \n \n \n The mandibular incisor \u2013it's role in facial esthetics. Angle Orhtod. 1955;25:32\u201341"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b02","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"589","article-title":"Study of need for esthetics in dentistry","volume":"21","author":"Goldstein \n R.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Goldstein \n R. \n \n \n Study of need for esthetics in dentistry. J Prosthet Dent. 1969;21:589\u2013598"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"121","article-title":"Effect of maxillary incisor labiolingual inclination and anteroposterior position on smiling profile esthetics","volume":"81","author":"Cao \n L,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cao \n L, \n \n \n Zhang \n K, \n \n \n Bai \n D, \n \n \n Jing \n Y, \n \n \n Tian \n Y, \n \n \n Guo \n Y. \n \n \n Effect of maxillary incisor labiolingual inclination and anteroposterior position on smiling profile esthetics. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:121\u2013129."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"575","article-title":"Orthodontics about face: the re-emergence of the esthetic paradigm","volume":"117","author":"Sarver \n DN,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sarver \n DN, \n \n \n Ackerman \n JL. \n \n \n Orthodontics about face: the re-emergence of the esthetic paradigm. Am J Orthod. 2000;117:575\u2013576"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e171","article-title":"Smile esthetics from patients' perspective for faces of varying attractiveness","volume":"140","author":"Chang \n CA,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang \n CA, \n \n \n Fields \n HW, \n \n \n Beck \n FM, \n \n et al. \n Smile esthetics from patients' perspective for faces of varying attractiveness. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:e171\u2013e180."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"740","article-title":"Laypeople's perception of frontal smile esthetics: a systematic review","volume":"150","author":"Parrini \n S,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Parrini \n S, \n \n \n Rossini \n G, \n \n \n Castroflorio \n T, \n \n \n Fortini \n A, \n \n \n Deregibus \n A, \n \n \n Debernardi \n C. \n \n \n Laypeople's perception of frontal smile esthetics: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;150:740\u2013750."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e91","article-title":"Smile esthetics from the layperson's perspective","volume":"139","author":"Springer \n NC,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Springer \n NC, \n \n \n Chang \n C, \n \n \n Fields \n HW, \n \n et al. \n Smile esthetics from the layperson's perspective. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:e91\u2013e101."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b08","series-title":"Angle's System. 6th ed","article-title":"Treatment of malocclusion of the teeth and fractures of the maxillae","author":"Angle \n EH.","year":"1900","unstructured":"Angle \n EH. \n \n \n Treatment of malocclusion of the teeth and fractures of the maxillae. In: Angle's System. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: SS White Dental Mfg Co;1900."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"262","article-title":"Lip posture and its significance in treatment planning","volume":"53","author":"Burstone \n CJ.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Burstone \n CJ. \n \n \n Lip posture and its significance in treatment planning. Am J Orthod. 1967;53:262\u2013284."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"91","article-title":"The gingival smile line","volume":"62","author":"Peck \n S,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peck \n S, \n \n \n Peck \n L, \n \n \n Kataja \n M. \n \n \n The gingival smile line. Angle Orthod. 1992;62:91\u2013100."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b11","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"221","article-title":"Smile analysis and design in the digital era","volume":"36","author":"Ackerman \n MB,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ackerman \n MB, \n \n \n Ackerman \n JL. \n \n \n Smile analysis and design in the digital era. J Clin Orthod. 2002;36:221\u2013236."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"132","article-title":"An esthetic evaluation of lip-teeth relationships present in the smile","volume":"57","author":"Hulsey \n CM.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hulsey \n CM. \n \n \n An esthetic evaluation of lip-teeth relationships present in the smile. Am J Orthod. 1970;57:132\u2013144."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b13","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"558","article-title":"The dynesthetic interpretation of the dentogenic concept","volume":"8","author":"Frush \n JP,","year":"1958","unstructured":"Frush \n JP, \n \n \n Fisher \n RD. \n \n \n The dynesthetic interpretation of the dentogenic concept. J Prosthet Dent. 1958;8:558\u2013581."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b14","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"233","article-title":"The influence of facial animation on smile characteristics","volume":"3","author":"Rigsbee \n OH,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rigsbee \n OH, \n \n \n Sperry \n TP, \n \n \n BeGole \n EA. \n \n \n The influence of facial animation on smile characteristics. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1988;3:233\u2013239."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"98","article-title":"The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc","volume":"120","author":"Sarver \n DM.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sarver \n DM. \n \n \n The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;120:98\u2013111."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b16","series-title":"Change Your Smile. 3rd ed","author":"Goldstein \n RE.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Goldstein \n RE. \n \n \n Change Your Smile. 3rd ed. Carol Stream, IL: Quintessence Publishing; 1997."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"183","article-title":"An evaluation of smiles before and after orthodontic treatment","volume":"63","author":"Mackley \n RJ.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mackley \n RJ. \n \n \n An evaluation of smiles before and after orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 1993;63:183\u2013190."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"116","article-title":"Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 2. Smile analysis and treatment strategies","volume":"124","author":"Sarver \n DM,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sarver \n DM, \n \n \n Ackerman \n MB. \n \n \n Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 2. Smile analysis and treatment strategies. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;124:116\u2013127."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b19","series-title":"Clin Orthod Res","first-page":"2","article-title":"A morphometric analysis of the posed smile","volume":"1","author":"Ackerman \n JL,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ackerman \n JL, \n \n \n Ackerman \n MB, \n \n \n Brensinger \n CM, \n \n \n Landis \n JR. \n \n \n A morphometric analysis of the posed smile. Clin Orthod Res. 1998;1:2\u201311"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b20","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"432","article-title":"Esthetic factors involved in anterior tooth display and the smile: vertical dimension","volume":"32","author":"Zachrisson \n BU.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zachrisson \n BU. \n \n \n Esthetic factors involved in anterior tooth display and the smile: vertical dimension. J Clin Orthod. 1998;32:432\u2013445."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"4","article-title":"Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 1. Evolution of the concept and dynamic records for smile capture","volume":"124","author":"Sarver \n DM,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sarver \n DM, \n \n \n Ackerman \n MB. \n \n \n Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 1. Evolution of the concept and dynamic records for smile capture. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;124:4\u201312"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep overbite correction by intrusion","volume":"72","author":"Burstone \n CJ.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Burstone \n CJ. \n \n \n Deep overbite correction by intrusion. Am J Orthod. 1977;72:1\u201322"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"428","article-title":"Moments with the edgewise appliance: incisor torque control","volume":"103","author":"Isaacson \n RJ,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Isaacson \n RJ, \n \n \n Lindauer \n SJ, \n \n \n Rubenstein \n LK. \n \n \n Moments with the edgewise appliance: incisor torque control. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;103:428\u2013438"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"585","article-title":"A prediction of mandibular growth rotation","volume":"55","author":"Bjork \n A.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Bjork \n A. \n \n \n A prediction of mandibular growth rotation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1969;55:585\u2013599"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b25","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"62","article-title":"Overbite correction and smile aesthetics","volume":"11","author":"Lindauer \n SJ,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lindauer \n SJ, \n \n \n Lewis \n SL, \n \n \n Shroff \n B. \n \n \n Overbite correction and smile aesthetics. Semin Orthod. 2005;11:62\u201366."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b26","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"265","article-title":"Cephalometric evaluation of two treatment strategies for deep overbite correction","volume":"64","author":"Hans \n MG,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hans \n MG, \n \n \n Kishiyama \n C, \n \n \n Parker \n SH, \n \n \n Wolf \n GR, \n \n \n Noachtar \n R. \n \n \n Cephalometric evaluation of two treatment strategies for deep overbite correction. Angle Orthod. 1994;64:265\u2013274"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"47","article-title":"The effectiveness and long-term stability of overbite correction and incisor intrusion mechanics","volume":"127","author":"Al-Buraiki \n H,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Al-Buraiki \n H, \n \n \n Sadowsky \n C, \n \n \n Schneider \n B. \n \n \n The effectiveness and long-term stability of overbite correction and incisor intrusion mechanics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;127:47\u201355."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b01","series-title":"Angle Orhtod","first-page":"32","article-title":"The mandibular incisor \u2013it's role in facial esthetics","volume":"25","author":"Wylie \n WL.","year":"1955","unstructured":"Wylie \n WL. \n \n \n The mandibular incisor \u2013it's role in facial esthetics. Angle Orhtod. 1955;25:32\u201341"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b02","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"589","article-title":"Study of need for esthetics in dentistry","volume":"21","author":"Goldstein \n R.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Goldstein \n R. \n \n \n Study of need for esthetics in dentistry. J Prosthet Dent. 1969;21:589\u2013598"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"121","article-title":"Effect of maxillary incisor labiolingual inclination and anteroposterior position on smiling profile esthetics","volume":"81","author":"Cao \n L,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cao \n L, \n \n \n Zhang \n K, \n \n \n Bai \n D, \n \n \n Jing \n Y, \n \n \n Tian \n Y, \n \n \n Guo \n Y. \n \n \n Effect of maxillary incisor labiolingual inclination and anteroposterior position on smiling profile esthetics. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:121\u2013129."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"575","article-title":"Orthodontics about face: the re-emergence of the esthetic paradigm","volume":"117","author":"Sarver \n DN,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sarver \n DN, \n \n \n Ackerman \n JL. \n \n \n Orthodontics about face: the re-emergence of the esthetic paradigm. Am J Orthod. 2000;117:575\u2013576"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e171","article-title":"Smile esthetics from patients' perspective for faces of varying attractiveness","volume":"140","author":"Chang \n CA,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang \n CA, \n \n \n Fields \n HW, \n \n \n Beck \n FM, \n \n et al. \n Smile esthetics from patients' perspective for faces of varying attractiveness. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;140:e171\u2013e180."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"740","article-title":"Laypeople's perception of frontal smile esthetics: a systematic review","volume":"150","author":"Parrini \n S,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Parrini \n S, \n \n \n Rossini \n G, \n \n \n Castroflorio \n T, \n \n \n Fortini \n A, \n \n \n Deregibus \n A, \n \n \n Debernardi \n C. \n \n \n Laypeople's perception of frontal smile esthetics: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;150:740\u2013750."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e91","article-title":"Smile esthetics from the layperson's perspective","volume":"139","author":"Springer \n NC,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Springer \n NC, \n \n \n Chang \n C, \n \n \n Fields \n HW, \n \n et al. \n Smile esthetics from the layperson's perspective. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:e91\u2013e101."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b08","series-title":"Angle's System. 6th ed","article-title":"Treatment of malocclusion of the teeth and fractures of the maxillae","author":"Angle \n EH.","year":"1900","unstructured":"Angle \n EH. \n \n \n Treatment of malocclusion of the teeth and fractures of the maxillae. In: Angle's System. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: SS White Dental Mfg Co;1900."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"262","article-title":"Lip posture and its significance in treatment planning","volume":"53","author":"Burstone \n CJ.","year":"1967","unstructured":"Burstone \n CJ. \n \n \n Lip posture and its significance in treatment planning. Am J Orthod. 1967;53:262\u2013284."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"91","article-title":"The gingival smile line","volume":"62","author":"Peck \n S,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peck \n S, \n \n \n Peck \n L, \n \n \n Kataja \n M. \n \n \n The gingival smile line. Angle Orthod. 1992;62:91\u2013100."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b11","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"221","article-title":"Smile analysis and design in the digital era","volume":"36","author":"Ackerman \n MB,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ackerman \n MB, \n \n \n Ackerman \n JL. \n \n \n Smile analysis and design in the digital era. J Clin Orthod. 2002;36:221\u2013236."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"132","article-title":"An esthetic evaluation of lip-teeth relationships present in the smile","volume":"57","author":"Hulsey \n CM.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hulsey \n CM. \n \n \n An esthetic evaluation of lip-teeth relationships present in the smile. Am J Orthod. 1970;57:132\u2013144."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b13","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"558","article-title":"The dynesthetic interpretation of the dentogenic concept","volume":"8","author":"Frush \n JP,","year":"1958","unstructured":"Frush \n JP, \n \n \n Fisher \n RD. \n \n \n The dynesthetic interpretation of the dentogenic concept. J Prosthet Dent. 1958;8:558\u2013581."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b14","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg","first-page":"233","article-title":"The influence of facial animation on smile characteristics","volume":"3","author":"Rigsbee \n OH,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rigsbee \n OH, \n \n \n Sperry \n TP, \n \n \n BeGole \n EA. \n \n \n The influence of facial animation on smile characteristics. Int J Adult Orthod Orthognath Surg. 1988;3:233\u2013239."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"98","article-title":"The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc","volume":"120","author":"Sarver \n DM.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sarver \n DM. \n \n \n The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;120:98\u2013111."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b16","series-title":"Change Your Smile. 3rd ed","author":"Goldstein \n RE.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Goldstein \n RE. \n \n \n Change Your Smile. 3rd ed. Carol Stream, IL: Quintessence Publishing; 1997."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"183","article-title":"An evaluation of smiles before and after orthodontic treatment","volume":"63","author":"Mackley \n RJ.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mackley \n RJ. \n \n \n An evaluation of smiles before and after orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 1993;63:183\u2013190."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"116","article-title":"Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 2. Smile analysis and treatment strategies","volume":"124","author":"Sarver \n DM,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sarver \n DM, \n \n \n Ackerman \n MB. \n \n \n Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 2. Smile analysis and treatment strategies. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;124:116\u2013127."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b19","series-title":"Clin Orthod Res","first-page":"2","article-title":"A morphometric analysis of the posed smile","volume":"1","author":"Ackerman \n JL,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ackerman \n JL, \n \n \n Ackerman \n MB, \n \n \n Brensinger \n CM, \n \n \n Landis \n JR. \n \n \n A morphometric analysis of the posed smile. Clin Orthod Res. 1998;1:2\u201311"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b20","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"432","article-title":"Esthetic factors involved in anterior tooth display and the smile: vertical dimension","volume":"32","author":"Zachrisson \n BU.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zachrisson \n BU. \n \n \n Esthetic factors involved in anterior tooth display and the smile: vertical dimension. J Clin Orthod. 1998;32:432\u2013445."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"4","article-title":"Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 1. Evolution of the concept and dynamic records for smile capture","volume":"124","author":"Sarver \n DM,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sarver \n DM, \n \n \n Ackerman \n MB. \n \n \n Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 1. Evolution of the concept and dynamic records for smile capture. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003;124:4\u201312"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"Deep overbite correction by intrusion","volume":"72","author":"Burstone \n CJ.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Burstone \n CJ. \n \n \n Deep overbite correction by intrusion. Am J Orthod. 1977;72:1\u201322"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"428","article-title":"Moments with the edgewise appliance: incisor torque control","volume":"103","author":"Isaacson \n RJ,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Isaacson \n RJ, \n \n \n Lindauer \n SJ, \n \n \n Rubenstein \n LK. \n \n \n Moments with the edgewise appliance: incisor torque control. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;103:428\u2013438"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"585","article-title":"A prediction of mandibular growth rotation","volume":"55","author":"Bjork \n A.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Bjork \n A. \n \n \n A prediction of mandibular growth rotation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1969;55:585\u2013599"},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b25","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"62","article-title":"Overbite correction and smile aesthetics","volume":"11","author":"Lindauer \n SJ,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lindauer \n SJ, \n \n \n Lewis \n SL, \n \n \n Shroff \n B. \n \n \n Overbite correction and smile aesthetics. Semin Orthod. 2005;11:62\u201366."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-6-847-b26","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"265","article-title":"Cephalometric evaluation of two treatment strategies for deep overbite correction","volume":"64","author":"Hans \n MG,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hans \n MG, \n \n \n Kishiyama \n C, \n \n \n Parker \n SH, \n \n \n Wolf \n GR, \n \n \n Noachtar \n R. \n \n \n Cephalometric evaluation of two treatment strategies for deep overbite correction. 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