{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:05:29Z","timestamp":1780070729435,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the morphometric and histological alterations of the constricted alveolar ridge when affected by root thrusting with and without open-flap decortication.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Eight beagles were divided into three groups: C, control without root thrusting; R, root thrusting only; RD, root thrusting with alveolar decortication. The ridge constriction model was prepared in 16 mandibular quadrants after extraction of the third premolars. Reciprocal root thrusting of the second and fourth premolars was performed toward the constricted ridge for 10 weeks, having a moment of 900 g-mm. Open-flap decortication was conducted on the constricted bone surface in group RD. Micro-CT-based histomorphometric analysis and trichrome-staining-based tissue fractional analysis were performed to evaluate morphometric and microstructural changes on the ridge.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Group R revealed a higher percentage of bone volume (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001), lower bone mineral density (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .01), and higher trabecular number (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001) than did group C, which was supported by a higher bone fraction woven to lamellar bone (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05) resulting from histologic fractional analysis. However, group RD showed no significant difference from group C.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Root thrusting toward the constricted ridge induced hypertrophic bone modeling with a high trabecular fraction on the ridge. However, combined open-flap decortication with root thrusting did not improve the volume or quality of the constricted ridge.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/030917-174.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,14]],"date-time":"2017-07-14T09:51:44Z","timestamp":1500025904000},"page":"725-732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Three-dimensional alteration of constricted alveolar ridge affected by root thrusting with and without open-flap decortication"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Donghyun","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Kyung Hee University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won-June","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Student, Kyung Hee University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-A","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hak","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Guk","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b01","series-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent","first-page":"19","article-title":"Parma-Benfenati, et al. A study of the fate of the buccal wall of extraction sockets of teeth with prominent roots","volume":"26","author":"Nevins \n M,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nevins \n M, \n \n \n Camelo \n M, \n \n \n De Paoli \n S, \n \n \n Friedland \n B, \n \n \n Schenk \n RK, \n \n \n Parma-Benfenati, et al. A study of the fate of the buccal wall of extraction sockets of teeth with prominent roots. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2006;26:19\u201329."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b02","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"512","article-title":"A review of residual ridge resorption and bone density","volume":"75","author":"Klemetti \n E.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Klemetti \n E. \n \n \n A review of residual ridge resorption and bone density. J Prosthet Dent. 1996;75:512\u2013514."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b03","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"28","article-title":"Ultrasound measurement of mandibular arterial blood supply: techniques for defining ischemia in the pathogenesis of alveolar ridge atrophy and tooth loss in the elderly?","volume":"63","author":"Eiseman \n B,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eiseman \n B, \n \n \n Johnson \n LR, \n \n \n Joseph \n RC. \n \n \n Ultrasound measurement of mandibular arterial blood supply: techniques for defining ischemia in the pathogenesis of alveolar ridge atrophy and tooth loss in the elderly?\n J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;63:28\u201335."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"48","article-title":"Occlusal hypofunction causes periodontal atrophy and VEGF\/VEGFR inhibition in tooth movement","volume":"83","author":"Usumi-Fujita \n R,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Usumi-Fujita \n R, \n \n \n Hosomichi \n J, \n \n \n Ono \n N, \n \n et al. \n Occlusal hypofunction causes periodontal atrophy and VEGF\/VEGFR inhibition in tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:48\u201356."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"671","article-title":"Tissue reaction to orthodontic tooth movement\u2014a new paradigm","volume":"23","author":"Melsen \n B.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Melsen \n B. \n \n \n Tissue reaction to orthodontic tooth movement\u2014a new paradigm. Eur J Orthod. 2001;23:671\u2013681."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1083","article-title":"Corticotomy-assisted molar protraction with the aid of temporary anchorage device","volume":"83","author":"Uribe \n F,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Uribe \n F, \n \n \n Janakiraman \n N, \n \n \n Fattal \n AN, \n \n \n Schincaglia \n GP, \n \n \n Nanda \n R. \n \n \n Corticotomy-assisted molar protraction with the aid of temporary anchorage device. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:1083\u20131092."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"89","article-title":"Orthodontic tooth movement into edentulous areas with reduced bone height. An experimental study in the dog","volume":"15","author":"Lindskog-Stokland \n B,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lindskog-Stokland \n B, \n \n \n Wennstr\u00f6m \n JL, \n \n \n Nyman \n S, \n \n \n Thilander \n B. \n \n \n Orthodontic tooth movement into edentulous areas with reduced bone height. An experimental study in the dog. Eur J Orthod. 1993;15:89\u201396."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"247","article-title":"Rigid endosseous implants for orthodontic and orthopedic anchorage","volume":"59","author":"Roberts \n WE,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Roberts \n WE, \n \n \n Helm \n FR, \n \n \n Marshall \n KJ, \n \n \n Gongloff \n RK. \n \n \n Rigid endosseous implants for orthodontic and orthopedic anchorage. Angle Orthod. 1989;59:247\u2013256."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"17","article-title":"Stress-induced bioelectric potentials in the dentoalveolar complex","volume":"64","author":"Zengo \n AN,","year":"1973","unstructured":"Zengo \n AN, \n \n \n Pawluk \n RJ, \n \n \n Bassett \n CA. \n \n \n Stress-induced bioelectric potentials in the dentoalveolar complex. Am J Orthod. 1973;64:17\u201327."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b10","series-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent","first-page":"345","article-title":"Regeneration of multiple adjacent bone dehiscences with guided tissue regeneration after orthodontic proclination: a corrective treatment approach","volume":"30","author":"Toygar \n HU,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Toygar \n HU, \n \n \n Kircelli \n BH. \n \n \n Regeneration of multiple adjacent bone dehiscences with guided tissue regeneration after orthodontic proclination: a corrective treatment approach. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2010;30:345\u2013353."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b11","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"73","article-title":"Orthodontic movement in bone defects augmented with Bio-Oss. An experimental study in dogs","volume":"28","author":"Ara\u00fajo \n MG,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo \n MG, \n \n \n Carmagnola \n D, \n \n \n Berglundh \n T, \n \n \n Thilander \n B, \n \n \n Lindhe \n J. \n \n \n Orthodontic movement in bone defects augmented with Bio-Oss. An experimental study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol. 2001;28:73\u201380."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b12","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"538","article-title":"Experimental tooth movement into bone induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein\u20142","volume":"40","author":"Kawamoto \n T,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kawamoto \n T, \n \n \n Motohashi \n N, \n \n \n Kitamura \n A, \n \n \n Baba \n Y, \n \n \n Suzuki \n S, \n \n \n Kuroda \n T. \n \n \n Experimental tooth movement into bone induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein\u20142. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2003;40:538\u2013543."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b13","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1853","article-title":"Comparison between interpositional bone grafting and osteogenic alveolar distraction in alveolar bone reconstruction","volume":"68","author":"Hashemi \n HM,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hashemi \n HM, \n \n \n Javidi \n B. \n \n \n Comparison between interpositional bone grafting and osteogenic alveolar distraction in alveolar bone reconstruction. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:1853\u20131858."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b14","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"2149","article-title":"Accelerated osteogenic orthodontics technique: a 1-stage surgically facilitated rapid orthodontic technique with alveolar augmentation","volume":"67","author":"Wilcko \n MT,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wilcko \n MT, \n \n \n Wilcko \n WM, \n \n \n Pulver \n JJ, \n \n \n Bissada \n NF, \n \n \n Bouquot \n JE. \n \n \n Accelerated osteogenic orthodontics technique: a 1-stage surgically facilitated rapid orthodontic technique with alveolar augmentation. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;67:2149\u20132159."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b15","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"85","article-title":"Corticotomy-assisted space closure in adult patients with missing lower molars","volume":"47","author":"Kook \n YA,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kook \n YA, \n \n \n Lee \n W, \n \n \n Kim \n SH, \n \n \n Chung \n KR. \n \n \n Corticotomy-assisted space closure in adult patients with missing lower molars. J Clin Orthod. 2013;47:85\u201395."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b16","series-title":"Brit J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"491","article-title":"Surgically facilitated experimental movement of teeth: systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Liem \n AML,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liem \n AML, \n \n \n Hoogeveen \n EJ, \n \n \n Jansma \n J, \n \n \n Ren \n Y. \n \n \n Surgically facilitated experimental movement of teeth: systematic review. Brit J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2015;53:491\u2013506."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b17","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"453","article-title":"Corticotomies and orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review","volume":"74","author":"Patterson \n BM,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Patterson \n BM, \n \n \n Dalci \n O, \n \n \n Darendeliler \n MA, \n \n \n Papadopoulou \n AK. \n \n \n Corticotomies and orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;74:453\u2013473."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b18","series-title":"Anat Rec. Part A","first-page":"1081","article-title":"Bone's mechanostat: a 2003 update","volume":"275","author":"Frost \n HM.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Frost \n HM. \n \n \n Bone's mechanostat: a 2003 update. Anat Rec. Part A. 2003;275:1081\u20131101."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b19","series-title":"Dent Res","first-page":"428","article-title":"The finite element method: a tool to study orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"84","author":"Cattaneo \n PM,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cattaneo \n PM, \n \n \n Dalstra \n M, \n \n \n Melsen \n B. \n \n \n The finite element method: a tool to study orthodontic tooth movement. Dent Res. 2005;84:428\u2013433."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"12","article-title":"A reconsideration of the property of the pressure tension hypothesis","volume":"55","author":"Baumrind \n S.","year":"1969","unstructured":"Baumrind \n S. \n \n \n A reconsideration of the property of the pressure tension hypothesis. 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Am J Orthod. 1974;66:130\u2013139."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b23","series-title":"J Bone Miner Res","first-page":"1548","article-title":"Skeletal self-repair: stress fracture healing by rapid formation and densification of woven bone","volume":"22","author":"Uthgenannt \n BA,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Uthgenannt \n BA, \n \n \n Kramer \n MH, \n \n \n Hwu \n JA, \n \n \n Wopenka \n B, \n \n \n Silva \n MJ. \n \n \n Skeletal self-repair: stress fracture healing by rapid formation and densification of woven bone. J Bone Miner Res. 2007;22:1548\u20131556."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"284","article-title":"Effects of corticision on paradental remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"79","author":"Kim \n SJ,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim \n SJ, \n \n \n Park \n YG, \n \n \n Kang \n SG. \n \n \n Effects of corticision on paradental remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 2009;79:284\u2013291."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"23","article-title":"Effect of piezopuncture on tooth movement and bone remodeling in dogs","volume":"144","author":"Kim \n YS,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim \n YS, \n \n \n Kim \n SJ, \n \n \n Yoon \n HJ, \n \n \n Lee \n PJ, \n \n \n Moon \n W, \n \n \n Park \n YG. \n \n \n Effect of piezopuncture on tooth movement and bone remodeling in dogs. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;144:23\u201331"},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b26","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"302","article-title":"Alveolar ridge expansion-assisted orthodontic space closure in the mandibular posterior region","volume":"43","author":"Ozer \n M,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ozer \n M, \n \n \n Akdeniz \n BS, \n \n \n Sumer \n M. \n \n \n Alveolar ridge expansion-assisted orthodontic space closure in the mandibular posterior region. Korean J Orthod. 2013;43:302\u2013310."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b27","series-title":"J Periodont","first-page":"79","article-title":"Regional accelerated phenomenon in the mandible following mucoperiosteal flap surgery","volume":"65","author":"Yaffe \n A,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yaffe \n A, \n \n \n Fine \n N, \n \n \n Binderman \n I. \n \n \n Regional accelerated phenomenon in the mandible following mucoperiosteal flap surgery. 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A study of the fate of the buccal wall of extraction sockets of teeth with prominent roots","volume":"26","author":"Nevins \n M,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nevins \n M, \n \n \n Camelo \n M, \n \n \n De Paoli \n S, \n \n \n Friedland \n B, \n \n \n Schenk \n RK, \n \n \n Parma-Benfenati, et al. A study of the fate of the buccal wall of extraction sockets of teeth with prominent roots. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2006;26:19\u201329."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b02","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"512","article-title":"A review of residual ridge resorption and bone density","volume":"75","author":"Klemetti \n E.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Klemetti \n E. \n \n \n A review of residual ridge resorption and bone density. J Prosthet Dent. 1996;75:512\u2013514."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b03","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"28","article-title":"Ultrasound measurement of mandibular arterial blood supply: techniques for defining ischemia in the pathogenesis of alveolar ridge atrophy and tooth loss in the elderly?","volume":"63","author":"Eiseman \n B,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eiseman \n B, \n \n \n Johnson \n LR, \n \n \n Joseph \n RC. \n \n \n Ultrasound measurement of mandibular arterial blood supply: techniques for defining ischemia in the pathogenesis of alveolar ridge atrophy and tooth loss in the elderly?\n J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;63:28\u201335."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"48","article-title":"Occlusal hypofunction causes periodontal atrophy and VEGF\/VEGFR inhibition in tooth movement","volume":"83","author":"Usumi-Fujita \n R,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Usumi-Fujita \n R, \n \n \n Hosomichi \n J, \n \n \n Ono \n N, \n \n et al. \n Occlusal hypofunction causes periodontal atrophy and VEGF\/VEGFR inhibition in tooth movement. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:48\u201356."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"671","article-title":"Tissue reaction to orthodontic tooth movement\u2014a new paradigm","volume":"23","author":"Melsen \n B.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Melsen \n B. \n \n \n Tissue reaction to orthodontic tooth movement\u2014a new paradigm. Eur J Orthod. 2001;23:671\u2013681."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1083","article-title":"Corticotomy-assisted molar protraction with the aid of temporary anchorage device","volume":"83","author":"Uribe \n F,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Uribe \n F, \n \n \n Janakiraman \n N, \n \n \n Fattal \n AN, \n \n \n Schincaglia \n GP, \n \n \n Nanda \n R. \n \n \n Corticotomy-assisted molar protraction with the aid of temporary anchorage device. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:1083\u20131092."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"89","article-title":"Orthodontic tooth movement into edentulous areas with reduced bone height. An experimental study in the dog","volume":"15","author":"Lindskog-Stokland \n B,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lindskog-Stokland \n B, \n \n \n Wennstr\u00f6m \n JL, \n \n \n Nyman \n S, \n \n \n Thilander \n B. \n \n \n Orthodontic tooth movement into edentulous areas with reduced bone height. An experimental study in the dog. Eur J Orthod. 1993;15:89\u201396."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"247","article-title":"Rigid endosseous implants for orthodontic and orthopedic anchorage","volume":"59","author":"Roberts \n WE,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Roberts \n WE, \n \n \n Helm \n FR, \n \n \n Marshall \n KJ, \n \n \n Gongloff \n RK. \n \n \n Rigid endosseous implants for orthodontic and orthopedic anchorage. 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Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2010;30:345\u2013353."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b11","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"73","article-title":"Orthodontic movement in bone defects augmented with Bio-Oss. An experimental study in dogs","volume":"28","author":"Ara\u00fajo \n MG,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo \n MG, \n \n \n Carmagnola \n D, \n \n \n Berglundh \n T, \n \n \n Thilander \n B, \n \n \n Lindhe \n J. \n \n \n Orthodontic movement in bone defects augmented with Bio-Oss. An experimental study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol. 2001;28:73\u201380."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b12","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"538","article-title":"Experimental tooth movement into bone induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein\u20142","volume":"40","author":"Kawamoto \n T,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kawamoto \n T, \n \n \n Motohashi \n N, \n \n \n Kitamura \n A, \n \n \n Baba \n Y, \n \n \n Suzuki \n S, \n \n \n Kuroda \n T. \n \n \n Experimental tooth movement into bone induced by recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein\u20142. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2003;40:538\u2013543."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-5-725-b13","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1853","article-title":"Comparison between interpositional bone grafting and osteogenic alveolar distraction in alveolar bone reconstruction","volume":"68","author":"Hashemi \n HM,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hashemi \n HM, \n \n \n Javidi \n B. \n \n \n Comparison between interpositional bone grafting and osteogenic alveolar distraction in alveolar bone reconstruction. 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