{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T22:12:31Z","timestamp":1780611151308,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To test the null hypothesis that there were significant differences for skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue changes induced by face mask (FM) started simultaneously and after an alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction (Alt-RAMEC) procedure.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty-six patients with Class III malocclusion due to maxillary deficiency were randomly assigned to Group I (FM started after the completion of the Alt-RAMEC) and Group II (FM started simultaneously with the Alt-RAMEC). The screw of the RME appliance was alternately activated and deactivated twice daily (0.20\u00a0mm per turn) for 1\u00a0week over the course of 8\u00a0weeks. The changes observed in both groups were assessed using the cephalometric lateral films and statistically evaluated using the paired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test and Student's\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Thirty patients completed the present prospective study. No significant differences were observed between the groups. Class III malocclusion and negative overjet were improved by means of skeletal changes in conjunction with upper incisor proclination in both groups. Skeletal contribution to overjet correction in Groups I and II was 91.70% and 86.10%, respectively. Maxilla showed a forward movement of 3.84\u00a0mm and 3.02\u00a0mm in Groups I and II, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The null hypothesis was rejected. Both groups showed similar results, and, thus, waiting until completion of the Alt-RAMEC procedure for the FM treatment is not necessary.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/031114-176.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,8]],"date-time":"2014-12-08T11:00:18Z","timestamp":1418036418000},"page":"284-291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Comparison of the effects of face mask treatment started simultaneously and after the completion of the alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction procedure"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Bilge H.","family":"Canturk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mevlut","family":"Celikoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"7","article-title":"Components of Class III malocclusion in juveniles and adolescents","volume":"56","author":"Guyer\n EC,","year":"1986","unstructured":"Guyer\n EC, \n \n Ellis\n EE\n III, \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr, \n \n Behrents\n RG. \n \n Components of Class III malocclusion in juveniles and adolescents. Angle Orthod. 1986; 56: 7\u2013 30."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b02","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"729","article-title":"Effects of the functional regulator III on profile changes in subjects with maxillary deficiency","volume":"32","author":"Kilic\n N,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kilic\n N, \n \n Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Oktay\n H. \n \n Effects of the functional regulator III on profile changes in subjects with maxillary deficiency. Eur J Orthod. 2010; 32: 729\u2013 734."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b03","series-title":"Scand J Dent Res","first-page":"12","article-title":"The prevalence of malocclusion in Swedish schoolchildren","volume":"81","author":"Thilander\n B,","year":"1973","unstructured":"Thilander\n B, \n \n Myrberg\n N. \n \n The prevalence of malocclusion in Swedish schoolchildren. Scand J Dent Res. 1973; 81: 12\u2013 21."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"377","article-title":"Orthopedic approach to severe skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"67","author":"Irie\n M,","year":"1975","unstructured":"Irie\n M, \n \n Nakamura\n S. \n \n Orthopedic approach to severe skeletal Class III malocclusion. Am J Orthod. 1975; 67: 377\u2013 392."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b05","series-title":"Med Oral Pathol Oral Cir Bucal","first-page":"e791","article-title":"The pattern of malocclusion in a sample of orthodontic patients from Turkey","volume":"15","author":"Celikoglu\n M,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Akpinar\n S, \n \n Yavuz\n I. \n \n The pattern of malocclusion in a sample of orthodontic patients from Turkey. Med Oral Pathol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010; 15: e791\u2013 e796."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"583","article-title":"Clinical results of the maxillary protraction in Korean children","volume":"108","author":"Baik\n HS.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Baik\n HS. \n \n Clinical results of the maxillary protraction in Korean children. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995; 108: 583\u2013 592."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"404","article-title":"Treatment and posttreatment craniofacial changes after rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy","volume":"118","author":"Baccetti\n T,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baccetti\n T, \n \n Franchi\n L, \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr. \n \n Treatment and posttreatment craniofacial changes after rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000; 118: 404\u2013 413."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"842","article-title":"Face mask therapy effects in two skeletal maturation groups of female subjects with skeletal Class III malocclusions","volume":"79","author":"Yavuz\n I,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yavuz\n I, \n \n Halicioglu\n K, \n \n Ceylan\n I. \n \n Face mask therapy effects in two skeletal maturation groups of female subjects with skeletal Class III malocclusions. Angle Orthod. 2009; 79: 842\u2013 848."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1083","article-title":"Dentofacial effects of two facemask therapies for maxillary protraction","volume":"82","author":"Ge\n YS,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ge\n YS, \n \n Liu\n J, \n \n Chen\n L, \n \n Han\n JL, \n \n Guo\n X. \n \n Dentofacial effects of two facemask therapies for maxillary protraction. Angle Orthod. 2012; 82: 1083\u2013 1091."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"360","article-title":"Skeletal and dental effects of a mini maxillary protraction appliance","volume":"76","author":"Altug\n Z,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Altug\n Z, \n \n Arslan\n AD. \n \n Skeletal and dental effects of a mini maxillary protraction appliance. Angle Orthod. 2006; 76: 360\u2013 368."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b11","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"419","article-title":"Soft tissue profile changes following maxillary protraction in Class III subjects","volume":"32","author":"Kilic\n N,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kilic\n N, \n \n Catal\n G, \n \n Kiki\n A, \n \n Oktay\n H. \n \n Soft tissue profile changes following maxillary protraction in Class III subjects. Eur J Orthod. 2010; 32: 419\u2013 424."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b12","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"86","article-title":"Effects of maxillary protraction for early correction of Class III malocclusion","volume":"36","author":"Celikoglu\n M,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Oktay\n H. \n \n Effects of maxillary protraction for early correction of Class III malocclusion. Eur J Orthod. 2014; 36: 86\u2013 92."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b13","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"314","article-title":"Orthopedic correction of Class III malocclusion with palatal expansion and custom protraction headgear","volume":"22","author":"Turley\n PK.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Turley\n PK. \n \n Orthopedic correction of Class III malocclusion with palatal expansion and custom protraction headgear. J Clin Orthod. 1988; 22: 314\u2013 325."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"492","article-title":"Assessment of skeletal and dental changes by maxillary protraction","volume":"114","author":"Sung\n SJ,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sung\n SJ, \n \n Baik\n HS. \n \n Assessment of skeletal and dental changes by maxillary protraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998; 114: 492\u2013 502."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b15","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"121","article-title":"A new protocol for maxillary protraction in cleft patients: repetitive weekly protocol of alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions","volume":"42","author":"Liou\n EJ,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liou\n EJ, \n \n Tsai\n WC. \n \n A new protocol for maxillary protraction in cleft patients: repetitive weekly protocol of alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2005; 42: 121\u2013 127."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b16","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"68","article-title":"Toothborne orthopedic maxillary protraction in Class III patients","volume":"39","author":"Liou\n EJ.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liou\n EJ. \n \n Toothborne orthopedic maxillary protraction in Class III patients. J Clin Orthod. 2005; 39: 68\u2013 75."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"230","article-title":"Opening of circummaxillary sutures by alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions","volume":"79","author":"Wang\n YC,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang\n YC, \n \n Chang\n PM, \n \n Liou\n EJ. \n \n Opening of circummaxillary sutures by alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions. Angle Orthod. 2009; 79: 230\u2013 234."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b18","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"706","article-title":"Activation-deactivation rapid palatal expansion and reverse headgear in Class III cases","volume":"32","author":"Isci\n D,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Isci\n D, \n \n Turk\n T, \n \n Elekdag-Turk\n S. \n \n Activation-deactivation rapid palatal expansion and reverse headgear in Class III cases. Eur J Orthod. 2010; 32: 706\u2013 715."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"639","article-title":"Effects of facemask treatment anchored with miniplates after alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions; a pilot study","volume":"81","author":"Kaya\n D,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kaya\n D, \n \n Kocadereli\n I, \n \n Kan\n B, \n \n Tasar\n F. \n \n Effects of facemask treatment anchored with miniplates after alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions; a pilot study. Angle Orthod. 2011; 81: 639\u2013 646."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b20","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"23","article-title":"Facial soft tissue thickness among skeletal malocclusions: is there a difference","volume":"42","author":"Kamak\n H,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kamak\n H, \n \n Celikoglu\n M. \n \n Facial soft tissue thickness among skeletal malocclusions: is there a difference? Korean J Orthod. 2012; 42: 23\u2013 31."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b21","series-title":"Skeletal Age Assessment Utilizing Cervical Vertebrae [thesis]","author":"Lamparski\n DG,","year":"Pittsburgh, PA. 1972","unstructured":"Lamparski\n DG, \n \n Skeletal Age Assessment Utilizing Cervical Vertebrae [thesis]. University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, PA. 1972."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"382","article-title":"The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements","volume":"83","author":"Houston\n WJ.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Houston\n WJ. \n \n The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements. Am J Orthod. 1983; 83: 382\u2013 390."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b23","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"727","article-title":"Effects of the functional regulator III on transversal changes: a postero-anterior cephalometric and model study","volume":"33","author":"Kilic\n N,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kilic\n N, \n \n Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Oktay\n H. \n \n Effects of the functional regulator III on transversal changes: a postero-anterior cephalometric and model study. Eur J Orthod. 2011; 33: 727\u2013 731."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b24","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"211","article-title":"Changes in dentofacial morphology in skeletal Class III children treated by a modified maxillary protraction headgear and a chin cup: a longitudinal cephalometric appraisal","volume":"15","author":"Takada\n K,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Takada\n K, \n \n Petdachai\n S, \n \n Sakuda\n M. \n \n Changes in dentofacial morphology in skeletal Class III children treated by a modified maxillary protraction headgear and a chin cup: a longitudinal cephalometric appraisal. Eur J Orthod. 1993; 15: 211\u2013 221."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"26","article-title":"Skeletal changes of maxillary protraction in patients exhibiting skeletal Class III malocclusion: a comparison of three skeletal maturation groups","volume":"73","author":"Cha\n KS.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cha\n KS. \n \n Skeletal changes of maxillary protraction in patients exhibiting skeletal Class III malocclusion: a comparison of three skeletal maturation groups. Angle Orthod. 2003; 73: 26\u2013 35."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b26","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"217","article-title":"Cephalometric effects of combined palatal expansion and facemask therapy on Class III malocclusion","volume":"68","author":"Nartallo-Turley\n PE,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nartallo-Turley\n PE, \n \n Turley\n PK. \n \n Cephalometric effects of combined palatal expansion and facemask therapy on Class III malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 1998; 68: 217\u2013 224."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"292","article-title":"Timing for effective application of anteriorly directed orthopedic force to the maxilla","volume":"112","author":"Merwin\n D,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Merwin\n D, \n \n Ngan\n P, \n \n Hagg\n U, \n \n Yiu\n C, \n \n Wei\n SH. \n \n Timing for effective application of anteriorly directed orthopedic force to the maxilla. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997; 112: 292\u2013 299."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"7","article-title":"Components of Class III malocclusion in juveniles and adolescents","volume":"56","author":"Guyer\n EC,","year":"1986","unstructured":"Guyer\n EC, \n \n Ellis\n EE\n III, \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr, \n \n Behrents\n RG. \n \n Components of Class III malocclusion in juveniles and adolescents. Angle Orthod. 1986; 56: 7\u2013 30."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b02","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"729","article-title":"Effects of the functional regulator III on profile changes in subjects with maxillary deficiency","volume":"32","author":"Kilic\n N,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kilic\n N, \n \n Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Oktay\n H. \n \n Effects of the functional regulator III on profile changes in subjects with maxillary deficiency. Eur J Orthod. 2010; 32: 729\u2013 734."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b03","series-title":"Scand J Dent Res","first-page":"12","article-title":"The prevalence of malocclusion in Swedish schoolchildren","volume":"81","author":"Thilander\n B,","year":"1973","unstructured":"Thilander\n B, \n \n Myrberg\n N. \n \n The prevalence of malocclusion in Swedish schoolchildren. Scand J Dent Res. 1973; 81: 12\u2013 21."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"377","article-title":"Orthopedic approach to severe skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"67","author":"Irie\n M,","year":"1975","unstructured":"Irie\n M, \n \n Nakamura\n S. \n \n Orthopedic approach to severe skeletal Class III malocclusion. Am J Orthod. 1975; 67: 377\u2013 392."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b05","series-title":"Med Oral Pathol Oral Cir Bucal","first-page":"e791","article-title":"The pattern of malocclusion in a sample of orthodontic patients from Turkey","volume":"15","author":"Celikoglu\n M,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Akpinar\n S, \n \n Yavuz\n I. \n \n The pattern of malocclusion in a sample of orthodontic patients from Turkey. Med Oral Pathol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010; 15: e791\u2013 e796."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"583","article-title":"Clinical results of the maxillary protraction in Korean children","volume":"108","author":"Baik\n HS.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Baik\n HS. \n \n Clinical results of the maxillary protraction in Korean children. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995; 108: 583\u2013 592."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"404","article-title":"Treatment and posttreatment craniofacial changes after rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy","volume":"118","author":"Baccetti\n T,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Baccetti\n T, \n \n Franchi\n L, \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr. \n \n Treatment and posttreatment craniofacial changes after rapid maxillary expansion and facemask therapy. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000; 118: 404\u2013 413."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"842","article-title":"Face mask therapy effects in two skeletal maturation groups of female subjects with skeletal Class III malocclusions","volume":"79","author":"Yavuz\n I,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yavuz\n I, \n \n Halicioglu\n K, \n \n Ceylan\n I. \n \n Face mask therapy effects in two skeletal maturation groups of female subjects with skeletal Class III malocclusions. Angle Orthod. 2009; 79: 842\u2013 848."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1083","article-title":"Dentofacial effects of two facemask therapies for maxillary protraction","volume":"82","author":"Ge\n YS,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ge\n YS, \n \n Liu\n J, \n \n Chen\n L, \n \n Han\n JL, \n \n Guo\n X. \n \n Dentofacial effects of two facemask therapies for maxillary protraction. Angle Orthod. 2012; 82: 1083\u2013 1091."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"360","article-title":"Skeletal and dental effects of a mini maxillary protraction appliance","volume":"76","author":"Altug\n Z,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Altug\n Z, \n \n Arslan\n AD. \n \n Skeletal and dental effects of a mini maxillary protraction appliance. Angle Orthod. 2006; 76: 360\u2013 368."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b11","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"419","article-title":"Soft tissue profile changes following maxillary protraction in Class III subjects","volume":"32","author":"Kilic\n N,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kilic\n N, \n \n Catal\n G, \n \n Kiki\n A, \n \n Oktay\n H. \n \n Soft tissue profile changes following maxillary protraction in Class III subjects. Eur J Orthod. 2010; 32: 419\u2013 424."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b12","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"86","article-title":"Effects of maxillary protraction for early correction of Class III malocclusion","volume":"36","author":"Celikoglu\n M,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Oktay\n H. \n \n Effects of maxillary protraction for early correction of Class III malocclusion. Eur J Orthod. 2014; 36: 86\u2013 92."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b13","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"314","article-title":"Orthopedic correction of Class III malocclusion with palatal expansion and custom protraction headgear","volume":"22","author":"Turley\n PK.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Turley\n PK. \n \n Orthopedic correction of Class III malocclusion with palatal expansion and custom protraction headgear. J Clin Orthod. 1988; 22: 314\u2013 325."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"492","article-title":"Assessment of skeletal and dental changes by maxillary protraction","volume":"114","author":"Sung\n SJ,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sung\n SJ, \n \n Baik\n HS. \n \n Assessment of skeletal and dental changes by maxillary protraction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998; 114: 492\u2013 502."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b15","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"121","article-title":"A new protocol for maxillary protraction in cleft patients: repetitive weekly protocol of alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions","volume":"42","author":"Liou\n EJ,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liou\n EJ, \n \n Tsai\n WC. \n \n A new protocol for maxillary protraction in cleft patients: repetitive weekly protocol of alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2005; 42: 121\u2013 127."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b16","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"68","article-title":"Toothborne orthopedic maxillary protraction in Class III patients","volume":"39","author":"Liou\n EJ.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liou\n EJ. \n \n Toothborne orthopedic maxillary protraction in Class III patients. J Clin Orthod. 2005; 39: 68\u2013 75."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"230","article-title":"Opening of circummaxillary sutures by alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions","volume":"79","author":"Wang\n YC,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang\n YC, \n \n Chang\n PM, \n \n Liou\n EJ. \n \n Opening of circummaxillary sutures by alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions. Angle Orthod. 2009; 79: 230\u2013 234."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b18","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"706","article-title":"Activation-deactivation rapid palatal expansion and reverse headgear in Class III cases","volume":"32","author":"Isci\n D,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Isci\n D, \n \n Turk\n T, \n \n Elekdag-Turk\n S. \n \n Activation-deactivation rapid palatal expansion and reverse headgear in Class III cases. Eur J Orthod. 2010; 32: 706\u2013 715."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"639","article-title":"Effects of facemask treatment anchored with miniplates after alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions; a pilot study","volume":"81","author":"Kaya\n D,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kaya\n D, \n \n Kocadereli\n I, \n \n Kan\n B, \n \n Tasar\n F. \n \n Effects of facemask treatment anchored with miniplates after alternate rapid maxillary expansions and constrictions; a pilot study. Angle Orthod. 2011; 81: 639\u2013 646."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b20","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"23","article-title":"Facial soft tissue thickness among skeletal malocclusions: is there a difference","volume":"42","author":"Kamak\n H,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kamak\n H, \n \n Celikoglu\n M. \n \n Facial soft tissue thickness among skeletal malocclusions: is there a difference? Korean J Orthod. 2012; 42: 23\u2013 31."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b21","series-title":"Skeletal Age Assessment Utilizing Cervical Vertebrae [thesis]","author":"Lamparski\n DG,","year":"Pittsburgh, PA. 1972","unstructured":"Lamparski\n DG, \n \n Skeletal Age Assessment Utilizing Cervical Vertebrae [thesis]. University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, PA. 1972."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"382","article-title":"The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements","volume":"83","author":"Houston\n WJ.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Houston\n WJ. \n \n The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements. Am J Orthod. 1983; 83: 382\u2013 390."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b23","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"727","article-title":"Effects of the functional regulator III on transversal changes: a postero-anterior cephalometric and model study","volume":"33","author":"Kilic\n N,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kilic\n N, \n \n Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Oktay\n H. \n \n Effects of the functional regulator III on transversal changes: a postero-anterior cephalometric and model study. Eur J Orthod. 2011; 33: 727\u2013 731."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b24","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"211","article-title":"Changes in dentofacial morphology in skeletal Class III children treated by a modified maxillary protraction headgear and a chin cup: a longitudinal cephalometric appraisal","volume":"15","author":"Takada\n K,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Takada\n K, \n \n Petdachai\n S, \n \n Sakuda\n M. \n \n Changes in dentofacial morphology in skeletal Class III children treated by a modified maxillary protraction headgear and a chin cup: a longitudinal cephalometric appraisal. Eur J Orthod. 1993; 15: 211\u2013 221."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"26","article-title":"Skeletal changes of maxillary protraction in patients exhibiting skeletal Class III malocclusion: a comparison of three skeletal maturation groups","volume":"73","author":"Cha\n KS.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cha\n KS. \n \n Skeletal changes of maxillary protraction in patients exhibiting skeletal Class III malocclusion: a comparison of three skeletal maturation groups. Angle Orthod. 2003; 73: 26\u2013 35."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b26","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"217","article-title":"Cephalometric effects of combined palatal expansion and facemask therapy on Class III malocclusion","volume":"68","author":"Nartallo-Turley\n PE,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nartallo-Turley\n PE, \n \n Turley\n PK. \n \n Cephalometric effects of combined palatal expansion and facemask therapy on Class III malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 1998; 68: 217\u2013 224."},{"key":"angl-86-05-18-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"292","article-title":"Timing for effective application of anteriorly directed orthopedic force to the maxilla","volume":"112","author":"Merwin\n D,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Merwin\n D, \n \n Ngan\n P, \n \n Hagg\n U, \n \n Yiu\n C, \n \n Wei\n SH. \n \n Timing for effective application of anteriorly directed orthopedic force to the maxilla. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997; 112: 292\u2013 299."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/85\/2\/article-p284.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/85\/2\/article-p284.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/85\/2\/article-p284.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:04:22Z","timestamp":1780067062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/85\/2\/article-p284.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/031114-176.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}}}