{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:43:45Z","timestamp":1783529025765,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To assess, by means of a systematic review, the scientific evidence of the influence of 0.018-inch or 0.022-inch bracket slots on treatment time, efficiency of space closure, efficiency of alignment, quality of orthodontic finishing, level of discomfort, and level of root resorption.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The PubMed, Bireme, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Open Grey, and Google Scholar databases were searched, with no date and language restrictions, for randomized clinical trials and controlled clinical trials, using controlled terms related to bracket slots. After the selection and removal of duplicate articles, the risk of bias was assessed, and the data from the included studies were extracted by two independent researchers.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The search yielded 2640 studies. After applying the eligibility criteria, eight articles were fully read and four studies were selected for the qualitative systematic review. No randomized clinical trials assessed the duration of treatment in patients treated with 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch bracket slots. Due to heterogeneity of the data available, a meta-analysis could not be conducted.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n While most studies indicated a shorter duration of treatment in patients with 0.018-inch bracket slots, no available data confirmed the higher efficiency of one system over the other. The biases in the studies did not allow for a reliable conclusion; therefore, new studies with a better methodologic design are needed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/031217-185.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T13:23:32Z","timestamp":1506432212000},"page":"100-106","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The effect of bracket slot size on the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Elma P.","family":"Vieira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Brazilian Dental Association, Bel\u00e9m, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna S. D.","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Brazilian Dental Association, Bel\u00e9m, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana F.","family":"Pontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Brazilian Dental Association, Bel\u00e9m, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 N. F.","family":"Mattos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Brazilian Dental Association, Bel\u00e9m, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucianne C.","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Normando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Par\u00e1 (UFPA), Faculty of Dentistry, Bel\u00e9m, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b01","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics. 4th ed","first-page":"376","author":"Proffit \n WR.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Proffit \n WR.\n \n \n Fields \n HW.\n \n \n Sarver \n DM.\n \n \n Contemporary Orthodontics. 4th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier;2007:376\u2013377."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"329","article-title":"Orthodontic slot size: it's time to retool","volume":"71","author":"Peck \n S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Peck \n S.\n \n \n Orthodontic slot size: it's time to retool. Angle Orthod. 2001;71:329\u2013330."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b03","series-title":"Trials","first-page":"389","article-title":"Comparing the effectiveness of the 0.018-inch versus the 0.022-inch bracket slot system in orthodontic treatment: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"El-Angbawi \n AM.","year":"2014","unstructured":"El-Angbawi \n AM.\n \n \n Bearn \n DR.\n \n \n McIntyre \n GT.\n \n \n Comparing the effectiveness of the 0.018-inch versus the 0.022-inch bracket slot system in orthodontic treatment: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2014;15:389."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"337","article-title":"\u201cTwo\u201d much of a good thing? Then let's pick one slot size and make it metric","volume":"121","author":"Kusy \n RP.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kusy \n RP.\n \n \n \u201cTwo\u201d much of a good thing? Then let's pick one slot size and make it metric. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;121:337\u2013338."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"Benefits and rationale of differential bracket slot sizes: the use of 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot sizes within a single bracket system","volume":"72","author":"Epstein \n MB.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Epstein \n MB.\n \n \n Benefits and rationale of differential bracket slot sizes: the use of 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot sizes within a single bracket system. Angle Orthod. 2002;72:1\u20132."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b06","series-title":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","first-page":"149","article-title":"Comprehensive fixed appliance therapy","author":"Swartz \n ML.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Swartz \n ML.\n \n \n Comprehensive fixed appliance therapy. In: McNamara JA.Brudon WL.eds. Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. Ann Arbor, MI: Needham Press;2001;149\u2013151."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b07","series-title":"Systemized Orthodontic Treatment Mechanics","first-page":"13","author":"McLaughin \n RP.","year":"2002","unstructured":"McLaughin \n RP.\n \n \n Bennett \n JC.\n \n \n Trevisi \n HJ.\n \n \n Systemized Orthodontic Treatment Mechanics. St Louis, MO: Mosby;2002:13\u201314."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b08","series-title":"Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques. 4th ed","first-page":"834","article-title":"Achieving excellence in orthodontics with a self-ligating appliance system","author":"Frantz \n RC.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Frantz \n RC.\n \n \n Achieving excellence in orthodontics with a self-ligating appliance system. In: Graber TM.Vanarsdall RL.Vig KW.eds. Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques. 4th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby;2005:834\u2013836."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b09","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"1136","article-title":"Critical appraisal of published research: introductory guidelines","volume":"302","author":"Fowkes \n FG.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fowkes \n FG.\n \n \n Fulton \n PM.\n \n \n Critical appraisal of published research: introductory guidelines. BMJ. 1991;302:1136\u20131140."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b10","series-title":"Aust Orthod J","first-page":"34","article-title":"The duration of fixed orthodontic treatment: a comparison of two groups of patients treated using Edgewise brackets with 0.018\u201d and 0.022\u201d slots","volume":"16","author":"Amditis \n C.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Amditis \n C.\n \n \n Smith \n LF.\n \n \n The duration of fixed orthodontic treatment: a comparison of two groups of patients treated using Edgewise brackets with 0.018\u201d and 0.022\u201d slots. Aust Orthod J. 2000;16:34\u201339."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"528","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch bracket slot using the ABO objective grading system","volume":"80","author":"Detterline \n DA.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Detterline \n DA.\n \n \n Isikbay \n SC.\n \n \n Brizendine \n EJ.\n \n \n Kula, \n KS.\n \n \n Clinical outcomes of 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch bracket slot using the ABO objective grading system. Angle Orthod. 2010;80:528\u2013532."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"9.e1","article-title":"Treatment complexity index for assessing the relationship of treatment duration and outcomes in a graduate orthodontics clinic","volume":"133","author":"Vu \n C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vu \n C.\n \n \n Roberts \n WE.\n \n \n Hartsfield \n JK.\n \n \n Ofner \n S.\n \n \n Treatment complexity index for assessing the relationship of treatment duration and outcomes in a graduate orthodontics clinic. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:9.e1\u20139.e13."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b13","series-title":"Clin Orthod Res","first-page":"12","article-title":"Efficiency of multistranded steel, super elastic NiTi and ion-implanted NiTi archwires for initial alignment","volume":"1","author":"Cobb \n N.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cobb \n N.\n \n \n Kula \n K.\n \n \n Phillips \n C.\n \n \n Proffit \n WR.\n \n \n Efficiency of multistranded steel, super elastic NiTi and ion-implanted NiTi archwires for initial alignment. Clin Orthod Res. 1998;1:12\u201319."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b14","series-title":"Aust Orthod J","first-page":"26","article-title":"Arch-dimensional changes in non-extraction cases with finishing wires of a particular material, size and arch form","volume":"31","author":"Allan \n D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Allan \n D.\n \n \n Woods \n MG.\n \n \n Arch-dimensional changes in non-extraction cases with finishing wires of a particular material, size and arch form. Aust Orthod J. 2015;31:26\u201336."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"678","article-title":"Orthodontic bracket slot dimensions as measured from entire bracket series","volume":"85","author":"Brown \n P.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brown \n P.\n \n \n Wagner \n W.\n \n \n Choi \n H.\n \n \n Orthodontic bracket slot dimensions as measured from entire bracket series. Angle Orthod, 2014;85, 678\u2013682."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b01","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics. 4th ed","first-page":"376","author":"Proffit \n WR.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Proffit \n WR.\n \n \n Fields \n HW.\n \n \n Sarver \n DM.\n \n \n Contemporary Orthodontics. 4th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier;2007:376\u2013377."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"329","article-title":"Orthodontic slot size: it's time to retool","volume":"71","author":"Peck \n S.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Peck \n S.\n \n \n Orthodontic slot size: it's time to retool. Angle Orthod. 2001;71:329\u2013330."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b03","series-title":"Trials","first-page":"389","article-title":"Comparing the effectiveness of the 0.018-inch versus the 0.022-inch bracket slot system in orthodontic treatment: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"El-Angbawi \n AM.","year":"2014","unstructured":"El-Angbawi \n AM.\n \n \n Bearn \n DR.\n \n \n McIntyre \n GT.\n \n \n Comparing the effectiveness of the 0.018-inch versus the 0.022-inch bracket slot system in orthodontic treatment: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2014;15:389."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"337","article-title":"\u201cTwo\u201d much of a good thing? Then let's pick one slot size and make it metric","volume":"121","author":"Kusy \n RP.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kusy \n RP.\n \n \n \u201cTwo\u201d much of a good thing? Then let's pick one slot size and make it metric. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;121:337\u2013338."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"1","article-title":"Benefits and rationale of differential bracket slot sizes: the use of 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot sizes within a single bracket system","volume":"72","author":"Epstein \n MB.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Epstein \n MB.\n \n \n Benefits and rationale of differential bracket slot sizes: the use of 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch slot sizes within a single bracket system. Angle Orthod. 2002;72:1\u20132."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b06","series-title":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","first-page":"149","article-title":"Comprehensive fixed appliance therapy","author":"Swartz \n ML.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Swartz \n ML.\n \n \n Comprehensive fixed appliance therapy. In: McNamara JA.Brudon WL.eds. Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. Ann Arbor, MI: Needham Press;2001;149\u2013151."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b07","series-title":"Systemized Orthodontic Treatment Mechanics","first-page":"13","author":"McLaughin \n RP.","year":"2002","unstructured":"McLaughin \n RP.\n \n \n Bennett \n JC.\n \n \n Trevisi \n HJ.\n \n \n Systemized Orthodontic Treatment Mechanics. St Louis, MO: Mosby;2002:13\u201314."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b08","series-title":"Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques. 4th ed","first-page":"834","article-title":"Achieving excellence in orthodontics with a self-ligating appliance system","author":"Frantz \n RC.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Frantz \n RC.\n \n \n Achieving excellence in orthodontics with a self-ligating appliance system. In: Graber TM.Vanarsdall RL.Vig KW.eds. Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques. 4th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby;2005:834\u2013836."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b09","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"1136","article-title":"Critical appraisal of published research: introductory guidelines","volume":"302","author":"Fowkes \n FG.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Fowkes \n FG.\n \n \n Fulton \n PM.\n \n \n Critical appraisal of published research: introductory guidelines. BMJ. 1991;302:1136\u20131140."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b10","series-title":"Aust Orthod J","first-page":"34","article-title":"The duration of fixed orthodontic treatment: a comparison of two groups of patients treated using Edgewise brackets with 0.018\u201d and 0.022\u201d slots","volume":"16","author":"Amditis \n C.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Amditis \n C.\n \n \n Smith \n LF.\n \n \n The duration of fixed orthodontic treatment: a comparison of two groups of patients treated using Edgewise brackets with 0.018\u201d and 0.022\u201d slots. Aust Orthod J. 2000;16:34\u201339."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"528","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch bracket slot using the ABO objective grading system","volume":"80","author":"Detterline \n DA.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Detterline \n DA.\n \n \n Isikbay \n SC.\n \n \n Brizendine \n EJ.\n \n \n Kula, \n KS.\n \n \n Clinical outcomes of 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch bracket slot using the ABO objective grading system. Angle Orthod. 2010;80:528\u2013532."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"9.e1","article-title":"Treatment complexity index for assessing the relationship of treatment duration and outcomes in a graduate orthodontics clinic","volume":"133","author":"Vu \n C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vu \n C.\n \n \n Roberts \n WE.\n \n \n Hartsfield \n JK.\n \n \n Ofner \n S.\n \n \n Treatment complexity index for assessing the relationship of treatment duration and outcomes in a graduate orthodontics clinic. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:9.e1\u20139.e13."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b13","series-title":"Clin Orthod Res","first-page":"12","article-title":"Efficiency of multistranded steel, super elastic NiTi and ion-implanted NiTi archwires for initial alignment","volume":"1","author":"Cobb \n N.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cobb \n N.\n \n \n Kula \n K.\n \n \n Phillips \n C.\n \n \n Proffit \n WR.\n \n \n Efficiency of multistranded steel, super elastic NiTi and ion-implanted NiTi archwires for initial alignment. Clin Orthod Res. 1998;1:12\u201319."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b14","series-title":"Aust Orthod J","first-page":"26","article-title":"Arch-dimensional changes in non-extraction cases with finishing wires of a particular material, size and arch form","volume":"31","author":"Allan \n D.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Allan \n D.\n \n \n Woods \n MG.\n \n \n Arch-dimensional changes in non-extraction cases with finishing wires of a particular material, size and arch form. Aust Orthod J. 2015;31:26\u201336."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-100-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"678","article-title":"Orthodontic bracket slot dimensions as measured from entire bracket series","volume":"85","author":"Brown \n P.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brown \n P.\n \n \n Wagner \n W.\n \n \n Choi \n H.\n \n \n Orthodontic bracket slot dimensions as measured from entire bracket series. Angle Orthod, 2014;85, 678\u2013682."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/88\/1\/article-p100.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/88\/1\/100\/1395207\/031217-185_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/88\/1\/article-p100.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/88\/1\/article-p100.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:15:52Z","timestamp":1780067752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/88\/1\/article-p100.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/031217-185.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}}}