{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T08:30:27Z","timestamp":1780475427292,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This case report presents the successful use of palatal mini-implants for rapid maxillary expansion and mandibular distalization in a skeletal Class III malocclusion. The patient was a 13-year-old girl with the chief complaint of facial asymmetry and a protruded chin. Camouflage orthodontic treatment was chosen, acknowledging the possibility of need for orthognathic surgery after completion of her growth. A bone-borne rapid expander (BBRME) was used to correct the transverse discrepancy and was then used as indirect anchorage for distalization of the lower dentition with Class III elastics. As a result, a Class I occlusion with favorable inclination of the upper teeth was achieved without any adverse effects. The total treatment period was 25\u00a0months. Therefore, BBRME can be considered an alternative treatment in skeletal Class III malocclusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/031314-189.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]],"date-time":"2014-07-17T09:58:37Z","timestamp":1405591117000},"page":"322-334","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with asymmetry using a bone-borne rapid maxillary expander"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Yu-Jin","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Fellow, Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu-Rhim","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthodontics, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong-Hun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor and Chairman, Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Professor and Chair, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Orofacial Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"140","article-title":"Mandibular prognathism","volume":"66","author":"Jacobson\n              A,","year":"1974","unstructured":"Jacobson\n              A, \n            \n              Evans\n              WG, \n            \n              Preston\n              CB, \n            \n              Sadowsky\n              PL. \n          \n          Mandibular prognathism.  Am J Orthod.  1974; 66: 140\u2013 171."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"401","article-title":"Preliminary investigation of nonsurgical treatment of severe skeletal Class III malocclusion in the permanent dentition","volume":"73","author":"Lin\n              J,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lin\n              J, \n            \n              Gu\n              Y. \n          \n          Preliminary investigation of nonsurgical treatment of severe skeletal Class III malocclusion in the permanent dentition.  Angle Orthod.  2003; 73: 401\u2013 410."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"787","article-title":"Extreme dentoalveolar compensation in the treatment of Class III malocclusion","volume":"128","author":"Janson\n              G,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Janson\n              G, \n            \n              de Souza\n              JE, \n            \n              Alves Fde\n              A, \n            et al\n          .  Extreme dentoalveolar compensation in the treatment of Class III malocclusion.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2005; 128: 787\u2013 794."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S111","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of a patient with a Class III malocclusion","volume":"129","author":"Moullas\n              AT,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moullas\n              AT, \n            \n              Palomo\n              JM, \n            \n              Gass\n              JR, \n            \n              Amberman\n              BD, \n            \n              White\n              J, \n            \n              Gustovich\n              D. \n          \n          Nonsurgical treatment of a patient with a Class III malocclusion.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2006; 129: S111\u2013 S118."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"854","article-title":"Distalization of the mandibular dentition of an adult with a skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"142","author":"Hu\n              H,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hu\n              H, \n            \n              Chen\n              J, \n            \n              Guo\n              J, \n            et al\n          .  Distalization of the mandibular dentition of an adult with a skeletal Class III malocclusion.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2012; 142: 854\u2013 862."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"146.e1","article-title":"Comparison of incisor inclination in patients with Class III malocclusion treated with orthognathic surgery or orthodontic camouflage","volume":"135","author":"Troy\n              BA,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Troy\n              BA, \n            \n              Shanker\n              S, \n            \n              Fields\n              HW, \n            \n              Vig\n              K, \n            \n              Johnston\n              W. \n          \n          Comparison of incisor inclination in patients with Class III malocclusion treated with orthognathic surgery or orthodontic camouflage.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2009; 135: 146.e1\u2013 9."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"9.e1","article-title":"Class III camouflage treatment: what are the limits","volume":"137","author":"Burns\n              NR,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burns\n              NR, \n            \n              Musich\n              DR, \n            \n              Martin\n              C, \n            \n              Razmus\n              T, \n            \n              Gunel\n              E, \n            \n              Ngan\n              P. \n          \n          Class III camouflage treatment: what are the limits?  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2010; 137: 9.e1\u2013 13."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"630","article-title":"Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with multiloop edgewise arch wire and modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implant anchorage","volume":"83","author":"He\n              S,","year":"2013","unstructured":"He\n              S, \n            \n              Gao\n              J, \n            \n              Wamalwa\n              P, \n            \n              Wang\n              Y, \n            \n              Zou\n              S, \n            \n              Chen\n              S. \n          \n          Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with multiloop edgewise arch wire and modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implant anchorage.  Angle Orthod.  2013; 83: 630\u2013 640."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"877","article-title":"Nonsurgical correction of a Class III malocclusion in an adult by miniscrew-assisted mandibular dentition distalization","volume":"143","author":"Jing\n              Y,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jing\n              Y, \n            \n              Han\n              X, \n            \n              Guo\n              Y, \n            \n              Li\n              J, \n            \n              Bai\n              D. \n          \n          Nonsurgical correction of a Class III malocclusion in an adult by miniscrew-assisted mandibular dentition distalization.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2013; 143: 877\u2013 887."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"119","article-title":"C-orthodontic microimplant for distalization of mandibular dentition in Class III correction","volume":"75","author":"Chung\n              K,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chung\n              K, \n            \n              Kim\n              SH, \n            \n              Kook\n              Y. \n          \n          C-orthodontic microimplant for distalization of mandibular dentition in Class III correction.  Angle Orthod.  2005; 75: 119\u2013 128."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"135","article-title":"Distalization of the mandibular dentition with mini-implants to correct a Class III malocclusion with a midline deviation","volume":"137","author":"Chung\n              KR,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chung\n              KR, \n            \n              Kim\n              SH, \n            \n              Choo\n              H, \n            \n              Kook\n              YA, \n            \n              Cope\n              JB. \n          \n          Distalization of the mandibular dentition with mini-implants to correct a Class III malocclusion with a midline deviation.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2010; 137: 135\u2013 146."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b12","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"98","article-title":"Treatment of Class III malocclusion using miniplate and mini-implant anchorage","volume":"17","author":"Baek\n              SH,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baek\n              SH, \n            \n              Yang\n              IH, \n            \n              Kim\n              KW, \n            \n              Ahn\n              HW. \n          \n          Treatment of Class III malocclusion using miniplate and mini-implant anchorage.  Semin Orthod.  2011; 17: 98\u2013 107."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"285","article-title":"Osseointegrated titanium implants for maxillofacial protraction in monkeys","volume":"94","author":"Smalley\n              WM,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Smalley\n              WM, \n            \n              Shapiro\n              PA, \n            \n              Hohl\n              TH, \n            \n              Kokich\n              VG, \n            \n              Branemark\n              PI. \n          \n          Osseointegrated titanium implants for maxillofacial protraction in monkeys.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  1988; 94: 285\u2013 295."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"749","article-title":"Periodontal effects of rapid maxillary expansion with tooth-tissue-borne and tooth-borne expanders: a computed tomography evaluation","volume":"129","author":"Garib\n              DG,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garib\n              DG, \n            \n              Henriques\n              JF, \n            \n              Janson\n              G, \n            \n              de Freitas\n              MR, \n            \n              Fernandes\n              AY. \n          \n          Periodontal effects of rapid maxillary expansion with tooth-tissue-borne and tooth-borne expanders: a computed tomography evaluation.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2006; 129: 749\u2013 758."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"633","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of buccal alveolar bone after rapid and slow maxillary expansion: a clinical trial study","volume":"143","author":"Brunetto\n              M,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brunetto\n              M, \n            \n              Andriani Jda\n              S, \n            \n              Ribeiro\n              GL, \n            \n              Locks\n              A, \n            \n              Correa\n              M, \n            \n              Correa\n              LR. \n          \n          Three-dimensional assessment of buccal alveolar bone after rapid and slow maxillary expansion: a clinical trial study.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2013; 143: 633\u2013 644."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"110","article-title":"CBCT assessment of alveolar buccal bone level after RME","volume":"83","author":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh\n              V,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh\n              V, \n            \n              Jezdimir\n              B, \n            \n              de Deus Haughey\n              M, \n            \n              Kulbersh\n              R, \n            \n              Wine\n              P, \n            \n              Kaczynski\n              R. \n          \n          CBCT assessment of alveolar buccal bone level after RME.  Angle Orthod.  2013; 83: 110\u2013 116."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"304.e1","article-title":"Transverse, vertical, and anteroposterior changes from bone-anchored maxillary expansion vs traditional rapid maxillary expansion: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"137","author":"Lagrav\u00e8re\n              MO,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lagrav\u00e8re\n              MO, \n            \n              Carey\n              J, \n            \n              Heo\n              G, \n            \n              Toogood\n              RW, \n            \n              Major\n              PW. \n          \n          Transverse, vertical, and anteroposterior changes from bone-anchored maxillary expansion vs traditional rapid maxillary expansion: a randomized clinical trial.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2010; 137: 304.e1\u2013 12."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"830","article-title":"Miniscrew-assisted nonsurgical maxillary expansion before orthognathic surgery for a patient with severe mandibular prognathism","volume":"137","author":"Lee\n              KJ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee\n              KJ, \n            \n              Park\n              YC, \n            \n              Park\n              JY, \n            \n              Hwang\n              WS. \n          \n          Miniscrew-assisted nonsurgical maxillary expansion before orthognathic surgery for a patient with severe mandibular prognathism.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2010; 137: 830\u2013 839."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b19","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","article-title":"Stress distribution and displacement by different bone-borne palatal expanders with micro-implants: a three-dimensional finite-element analysis [published online November 11, 2012]","author":"Lee\n              HK,","unstructured":"Lee\n              HK, \n            \n              Bayome\n              M, \n            \n              Ahn\n              CS, \n            et al\n          .  Stress distribution and displacement by different bone-borne palatal expanders with micro-implants: a three-dimensional finite-element analysis [published online November 11, 2012].  Eur J Orthod.  doi:10.1093\/ejo\/cjs063."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b20","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"129","article-title":"Nonsurgical rapid maxillary expansion in adults: report on 47 cases using the Haas expander","volume":"70","author":"Handelman\n              CS,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Handelman\n              CS, \n            \n              Wang\n              L, \n            \n              BeGole\n              EA, \n            \n              Haas\n              AJ. \n          \n          Nonsurgical rapid maxillary expansion in adults: report on 47 cases using the Haas expander.  Angle Orthod.  2000; 70: 129\u2013 144."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b21","series-title":"J Can Dent Assoc","first-page":"374","article-title":"Rapid palatal expansion in the young adult: time for a paradigm shift","volume":"69","author":"Stuart\n              DA,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stuart\n              DA, \n            \n              Wiltshire\n              WA. \n          \n          Rapid palatal expansion in the young adult: time for a paradigm shift?  J Can Dent Assoc.  2003; 69: 374\u2013 377."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b22","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"83","article-title":"Evaluation of alveolar bone loss following rapid maxillary expansion using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"43","author":"Baysal\n              A,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baysal\n              A, \n            \n              Uysal\n              T, \n            \n              Veli\n              I, \n            \n              Ozer\n              T, \n            \n              Karadede\n              I, \n            \n              Hekimoglu\n              S. \n          \n          Evaluation of alveolar bone loss following rapid maxillary expansion using cone-beam computed tomography.  Korean J Orthod.  2013; 43: 83\u2013 95."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"172","article-title":"Does rapid maxillary expansion induce adverse effects in growing subjects","volume":"83","author":"Lione\n              R,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lione\n              R, \n            \n              Franchi\n              L, \n            \n              Cozza\n              P. \n          \n          Does rapid maxillary expansion induce adverse effects in growing subjects?  Angle Orthod.  2013; 83: 172\u2013 182."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"140","article-title":"Mandibular prognathism","volume":"66","author":"Jacobson\n              A,","year":"1974","unstructured":"Jacobson\n              A, \n            \n              Evans\n              WG, \n            \n              Preston\n              CB, \n            \n              Sadowsky\n              PL. \n          \n          Mandibular prognathism.  Am J Orthod.  1974; 66: 140\u2013 171."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"401","article-title":"Preliminary investigation of nonsurgical treatment of severe skeletal Class III malocclusion in the permanent dentition","volume":"73","author":"Lin\n              J,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lin\n              J, \n            \n              Gu\n              Y. \n          \n          Preliminary investigation of nonsurgical treatment of severe skeletal Class III malocclusion in the permanent dentition.  Angle Orthod.  2003; 73: 401\u2013 410."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"787","article-title":"Extreme dentoalveolar compensation in the treatment of Class III malocclusion","volume":"128","author":"Janson\n              G,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Janson\n              G, \n            \n              de Souza\n              JE, \n            \n              Alves Fde\n              A, \n            et al\n          .  Extreme dentoalveolar compensation in the treatment of Class III malocclusion.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2005; 128: 787\u2013 794."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S111","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of a patient with a Class III malocclusion","volume":"129","author":"Moullas\n              AT,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moullas\n              AT, \n            \n              Palomo\n              JM, \n            \n              Gass\n              JR, \n            \n              Amberman\n              BD, \n            \n              White\n              J, \n            \n              Gustovich\n              D. \n          \n          Nonsurgical treatment of a patient with a Class III malocclusion.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2006; 129: S111\u2013 S118."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"854","article-title":"Distalization of the mandibular dentition of an adult with a skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"142","author":"Hu\n              H,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hu\n              H, \n            \n              Chen\n              J, \n            \n              Guo\n              J, \n            et al\n          .  Distalization of the mandibular dentition of an adult with a skeletal Class III malocclusion.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2012; 142: 854\u2013 862."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"146.e1","article-title":"Comparison of incisor inclination in patients with Class III malocclusion treated with orthognathic surgery or orthodontic camouflage","volume":"135","author":"Troy\n              BA,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Troy\n              BA, \n            \n              Shanker\n              S, \n            \n              Fields\n              HW, \n            \n              Vig\n              K, \n            \n              Johnston\n              W. \n          \n          Comparison of incisor inclination in patients with Class III malocclusion treated with orthognathic surgery or orthodontic camouflage.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2009; 135: 146.e1\u2013 9."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"9.e1","article-title":"Class III camouflage treatment: what are the limits","volume":"137","author":"Burns\n              NR,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burns\n              NR, \n            \n              Musich\n              DR, \n            \n              Martin\n              C, \n            \n              Razmus\n              T, \n            \n              Gunel\n              E, \n            \n              Ngan\n              P. \n          \n          Class III camouflage treatment: what are the limits?  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2010; 137: 9.e1\u2013 13."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"630","article-title":"Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with multiloop edgewise arch wire and modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implant anchorage","volume":"83","author":"He\n              S,","year":"2013","unstructured":"He\n              S, \n            \n              Gao\n              J, \n            \n              Wamalwa\n              P, \n            \n              Wang\n              Y, \n            \n              Zou\n              S, \n            \n              Chen\n              S. \n          \n          Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with multiloop edgewise arch wire and modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implant anchorage.  Angle Orthod.  2013; 83: 630\u2013 640."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"877","article-title":"Nonsurgical correction of a Class III malocclusion in an adult by miniscrew-assisted mandibular dentition distalization","volume":"143","author":"Jing\n              Y,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jing\n              Y, \n            \n              Han\n              X, \n            \n              Guo\n              Y, \n            \n              Li\n              J, \n            \n              Bai\n              D. \n          \n          Nonsurgical correction of a Class III malocclusion in an adult by miniscrew-assisted mandibular dentition distalization.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2013; 143: 877\u2013 887."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"119","article-title":"C-orthodontic microimplant for distalization of mandibular dentition in Class III correction","volume":"75","author":"Chung\n              K,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chung\n              K, \n            \n              Kim\n              SH, \n            \n              Kook\n              Y. \n          \n          C-orthodontic microimplant for distalization of mandibular dentition in Class III correction.  Angle Orthod.  2005; 75: 119\u2013 128."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"135","article-title":"Distalization of the mandibular dentition with mini-implants to correct a Class III malocclusion with a midline deviation","volume":"137","author":"Chung\n              KR,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chung\n              KR, \n            \n              Kim\n              SH, \n            \n              Choo\n              H, \n            \n              Kook\n              YA, \n            \n              Cope\n              JB. \n          \n          Distalization of the mandibular dentition with mini-implants to correct a Class III malocclusion with a midline deviation.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2010; 137: 135\u2013 146."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b12","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"98","article-title":"Treatment of Class III malocclusion using miniplate and mini-implant anchorage","volume":"17","author":"Baek\n              SH,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baek\n              SH, \n            \n              Yang\n              IH, \n            \n              Kim\n              KW, \n            \n              Ahn\n              HW. \n          \n          Treatment of Class III malocclusion using miniplate and mini-implant anchorage.  Semin Orthod.  2011; 17: 98\u2013 107."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"285","article-title":"Osseointegrated titanium implants for maxillofacial protraction in monkeys","volume":"94","author":"Smalley\n              WM,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Smalley\n              WM, \n            \n              Shapiro\n              PA, \n            \n              Hohl\n              TH, \n            \n              Kokich\n              VG, \n            \n              Branemark\n              PI. \n          \n          Osseointegrated titanium implants for maxillofacial protraction in monkeys.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  1988; 94: 285\u2013 295."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"749","article-title":"Periodontal effects of rapid maxillary expansion with tooth-tissue-borne and tooth-borne expanders: a computed tomography evaluation","volume":"129","author":"Garib\n              DG,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Garib\n              DG, \n            \n              Henriques\n              JF, \n            \n              Janson\n              G, \n            \n              de Freitas\n              MR, \n            \n              Fernandes\n              AY. \n          \n          Periodontal effects of rapid maxillary expansion with tooth-tissue-borne and tooth-borne expanders: a computed tomography evaluation.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2006; 129: 749\u2013 758."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"633","article-title":"Three-dimensional assessment of buccal alveolar bone after rapid and slow maxillary expansion: a clinical trial study","volume":"143","author":"Brunetto\n              M,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brunetto\n              M, \n            \n              Andriani Jda\n              S, \n            \n              Ribeiro\n              GL, \n            \n              Locks\n              A, \n            \n              Correa\n              M, \n            \n              Correa\n              LR. \n          \n          Three-dimensional assessment of buccal alveolar bone after rapid and slow maxillary expansion: a clinical trial study.  Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.  2013; 143: 633\u2013 644."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"110","article-title":"CBCT assessment of alveolar buccal bone level after RME","volume":"83","author":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh\n              V,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh\n              V, \n            \n              Jezdimir\n              B, \n            \n              de Deus Haughey\n              M, \n            \n              Kulbersh\n              R, \n            \n              Wine\n              P, \n            \n              Kaczynski\n              R. \n          \n          CBCT assessment of alveolar buccal bone level after RME.  Angle Orthod.  2013; 83: 110\u2013 116."},{"key":"angl-86-06-01-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"304.e1","article-title":"Transverse, vertical, and anteroposterior changes from bone-anchored maxillary expansion vs traditional rapid maxillary expansion: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"137","author":"Lagrav\u00e8re\n              MO,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lagrav\u00e8re\n              MO, \n            \n              Carey\n              J, \n            \n              Heo\n              G, \n            \n              Toogood\n              RW, \n            \n              Major\n              PW. \n          \n          Transverse, vertical, and anteroposterior changes from bone-anchored maxillary expansion vs traditional rapid maxillary expansion: a randomized clinical trial.  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