{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T21:09:00Z","timestamp":1790456940049,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions on accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, Science Citation Index, CENTRAL, and SIGLE from January 1990 to August 2011 for randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of interventions on accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. The processes of study search, selection, and quality assessment were conducted independently in duplicate by two review authors. Original outcome data, if possible, underwent statistical pooling by using Review Manager 5.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Through a predefined search strategy, we finally included nine eligible studies. Among them, five interventions were studied (ie, low-level laser therapy, corticotomy, electrical current, pulsed electromagnetic fields, and dentoalveolar or periodontal distraction). Six outcomes were evaluated in these studies (ie, accumulative moved distance or movement rate, time required to move tooth to its destination, anchorage loss, periodontal health, pulp vitality, and root resorption).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the five interventions, corticotomy is effective and safe to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, low-level laser therapy was unable to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, current evidence does not reveal whether electrical current and pulsed electromagnetic fields are effective in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement, and dentoalveolar or periodontal distraction is promising in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement but lacks convincing evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/031512-224.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,21]],"date-time":"2012-06-21T18:05:46Z","timestamp":1340301946000},"page":"164-171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":155,"title":["Interventions for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Hu","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Student, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ujjwal","family":"Pyakurel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Student, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lecturer, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Student, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Student, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenli","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"45","article-title":"The duration of orthodontic treatment","volume":"102","author":"Fink\n              DF ,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fink\n              DF , \n            \n              Smith\n              RJ . \n          \n          The duration of orthodontic treatment . 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2010 ;137 :178 \u2013186 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"403","article-title":"Reducing white spot lesions in orthodontic populations with fluoride rinsing","volume":"101","author":"Geiger\n              AM ,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Geiger\n              AM , \n            \n              Gorelick\n              L , \n            \n              Gwinnett\n              AJ , \n            \n              Benson\n              BJ . \n          \n          Reducing white spot lesions in orthodontic populations with fluoride rinsing . 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Semin Orthod . 2008 ;14 :174 \u2013182 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b05","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"71","article-title":"Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption","volume":"7","author":"Segal\n              GR ,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Segal\n              GR , \n            \n              Schiffman\n              PH , \n            \n              Tuncay\n              OC . \n          \n          Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption . 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Fogorv Sz . 1999 ;92 :79 \u201386 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b08","series-title":"Lasers Surg Med","first-page":"117","article-title":"Effects of low-intensity laser therapy on the orthodontic movement velocity of human teeth: a preliminary study","volume":"35","author":"Cruz\n              DR ,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cruz\n              DR , \n            \n              Kohara\n              EK , \n            \n              Ribeiro\n              MS , \n            \n              Wetter\n              NU . \n          \n          Effects of low-intensity laser therapy on the orthodontic movement velocity of human teeth: a preliminary study . Lasers Surg Med . 2004 ;35 :117 \u2013120 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"131","article-title":"Low-energy laser irradiation facilitates the velocity of tooth movement and the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9, cathepsin K, and alpha(v) beta(3) integrin in rats","volume":"32","author":"Yamaguchi\n              M ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yamaguchi\n              M , \n            \n              Hayashi\n              M , \n            \n              Fujita\n              S , \n            et al .  \n          Low-energy laser irradiation facilitates the velocity of tooth movement and the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9, cathepsin K, and alpha(v) beta(3) integrin in rats . Eur J Orthod . 2010 ;32 :131 \u2013139 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b10","series-title":"World J Orthod","first-page":"e52","article-title":"The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the acceleration of tooth movement","volume":"11","author":"Showkatbakhsh\n              R ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Showkatbakhsh\n              R , \n            \n              Jamilian\n              A , \n            \n              Showkatbakhsh\n              M . \n          \n          The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the acceleration of tooth movement . 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Korean J Orthod . 2008 ;38 :337 \u2013346 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b12","series-title":"Open Dent J","first-page":"159","article-title":"Corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment: review","volume":"4","author":"Hassan\n              AH ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hassan\n              AH , \n            \n              Al-Fraidi\n              AA , \n            \n              Al-Saeed\n              SH . \n          \n          Corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment: review . Open Dent J . 2010 ;4 :159 \u2013164 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"252","article-title":"Miniscrew implant-supported maxillary canine retraction with and without corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics","volume":"139","author":"Aboul-Ela\n              SM ,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aboul-Ela\n              SM , \n            \n              El-Beialy\n              AR , \n            \n              El-Sayed\n              KM , \n            \n              Selim\n              EM , \n            \n              El-Mangoury\n              NH , \n            \n              Mostafa\n              YA . \n          \n          Miniscrew implant-supported maxillary canine retraction with and without corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2011 ;139 :252 \u2013259 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"372","article-title":"Rapid canine retraction through distraction of the periodontal ligament","volume":"114","author":"Liou\n              EJ ,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Liou\n              EJ , \n            \n              Huang\n              CS . \n          \n          Rapid canine retraction through distraction of the periodontal ligament . 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Angle Orthod . 2004 ;74 :304 \u2013315 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"533","article-title":"Rapid canine retraction and orthodontic treatment with dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis","volume":"127","author":"Iseri\n              H ,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Iseri\n              H , \n            \n              Kisnisci\n              R , \n            \n              Bzizi\n              N , \n            \n              Tuz\n              H . \n          \n          Rapid canine retraction and orthodontic treatment with dentoalveolar distraction osteogenesis . 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BMJ . 1997 ;315 :629 \u2013634 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b19","series-title":"Biometrics","first-page":"1088","article-title":"Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias","volume":"50","author":"Begg\n              CB ,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Begg\n              CB , \n            \n              Mazumdar\n              M . \n          \n          Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias . Biometrics . 1994 ;50 :1088 \u20131101 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b20","series-title":"Journal of Dalian Medical University","first-page":"155","article-title":"Clinical application of low energy laser in acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"30","author":"Gui\n              L ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gui\n              L , \n            \n              Qu\n              H . \n          \n          Clinical application of low energy laser in acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement . Journal of Dalian Medical University . 2008 ;30 :155 \u2013156 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b21","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"38","article-title":"Effects of low-level laser therapy on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement","volume":"9","author":"Limpanichkul\n              W ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Limpanichkul\n              W , \n            \n              Godfrey\n              K , \n            \n              Srisuk\n              N , \n            \n              Rattanayatikul\n              C . \n          \n          Effects of low-level laser therapy on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement . 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Angle Orthod . 1996 ;66(1) :73 \u201378 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"45","article-title":"The duration of orthodontic treatment","volume":"102","author":"Fink\n              DF ,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fink\n              DF , \n            \n              Smith\n              RJ . \n          \n          The duration of orthodontic treatment . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1992 ;102 :45 \u201351 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"178","article-title":"Pretreatment characteristics associated with orthodontic treatment duration","volume":"137","author":"Fisher\n              MA ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fisher\n              MA , \n            \n              Wenger\n              RM , \n            \n              Hans\n              MG . \n          \n          Pretreatment characteristics associated with orthodontic treatment duration . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2010 ;137 :178 \u2013186 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"403","article-title":"Reducing white spot lesions in orthodontic populations with fluoride rinsing","volume":"101","author":"Geiger\n              AM ,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Geiger\n              AM , \n            \n              Gorelick\n              L , \n            \n              Gwinnett\n              AJ , \n            \n              Benson\n              BJ . \n          \n          Reducing white spot lesions in orthodontic populations with fluoride rinsing . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 1992 ;101 :403 \u2013407 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b04","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"174","article-title":"White spot lesions: formation, prevention, and treatment","volume":"14","author":"Bishara\n              SE ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bishara\n              SE , \n            \n              Ostby\n              AW . \n          \n          White spot lesions: formation, prevention, and treatment . Semin Orthod . 2008 ;14 :174 \u2013182 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b05","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"71","article-title":"Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption","volume":"7","author":"Segal\n              GR ,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Segal\n              GR , \n            \n              Schiffman\n              PH , \n            \n              Tuncay\n              OC . \n          \n          Meta analysis of the treatment-related factors of external apical root resorption . Orthod Craniofac Res . 2004 ;7 :71 \u201378 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"646","article-title":"External apical root resorption in patients treated with conventional and self-ligating brackets","volume":"134","author":"Pandis\n              N ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pandis\n              N , \n            \n              Nasika\n              M , \n            \n              Polychronopoulou\n              A , \n            \n              Eliades\n              T . \n          \n          External apical root resorption in patients treated with conventional and self-ligating brackets . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2008 ;134 :646 \u2013651 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b07","series-title":"Fogorv Sz","first-page":"79","article-title":"The relationship between the length of orthodontic treatment and patient compliance","volume":"92","author":"Royko\n              A ,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Royko\n              A , \n            \n              Denes\n              Z , \n            \n              Razouk\n              G . \n          \n          The relationship between the length of orthodontic treatment and patient compliance . Fogorv Sz . 1999 ;92 :79 \u201386 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b08","series-title":"Lasers Surg Med","first-page":"117","article-title":"Effects of low-intensity laser therapy on the orthodontic movement velocity of human teeth: a preliminary study","volume":"35","author":"Cruz\n              DR ,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cruz\n              DR , \n            \n              Kohara\n              EK , \n            \n              Ribeiro\n              MS , \n            \n              Wetter\n              NU . \n          \n          Effects of low-intensity laser therapy on the orthodontic movement velocity of human teeth: a preliminary study . Lasers Surg Med . 2004 ;35 :117 \u2013120 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"131","article-title":"Low-energy laser irradiation facilitates the velocity of tooth movement and the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9, cathepsin K, and alpha(v) beta(3) integrin in rats","volume":"32","author":"Yamaguchi\n              M ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yamaguchi\n              M , \n            \n              Hayashi\n              M , \n            \n              Fujita\n              S , \n            et al .  \n          Low-energy laser irradiation facilitates the velocity of tooth movement and the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9, cathepsin K, and alpha(v) beta(3) integrin in rats . Eur J Orthod . 2010 ;32 :131 \u2013139 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b10","series-title":"World J Orthod","first-page":"e52","article-title":"The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the acceleration of tooth movement","volume":"11","author":"Showkatbakhsh\n              R ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Showkatbakhsh\n              R , \n            \n              Jamilian\n              A , \n            \n              Showkatbakhsh\n              M . \n          \n          The effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the acceleration of tooth movement . World J Orthod . 2010 ;11 :e52 \u2013e56 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b11","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"337","article-title":"The effects of electrical current from a micro-electrical device on tooth movement","volume":"38","author":"Kim\n              DH ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kim\n              DH , \n            \n              Park\n              YG , \n            \n              Kang\n              SG . \n          \n          The effects of electrical current from a micro-electrical device on tooth movement . Korean J Orthod . 2008 ;38 :337 \u2013346 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b12","series-title":"Open Dent J","first-page":"159","article-title":"Corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment: review","volume":"4","author":"Hassan\n              AH ,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hassan\n              AH , \n            \n              Al-Fraidi\n              AA , \n            \n              Al-Saeed\n              SH . \n          \n          Corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment: review . Open Dent J . 2010 ;4 :159 \u2013164 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-164-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"252","article-title":"Miniscrew implant-supported maxillary canine retraction with and without corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics","volume":"139","author":"Aboul-Ela\n              SM ,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aboul-Ela\n              SM , \n            \n              El-Beialy\n              AR , \n            \n              El-Sayed\n              KM , \n            \n              Selim\n              EM , \n            \n              El-Mangoury\n              NH , \n            \n              Mostafa\n              YA . \n          \n          Miniscrew implant-supported maxillary canine retraction with and without corticotomy-facilitated orthodontics . 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