{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:32:57Z","timestamp":1783441977438,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To analyze the accuracy of planned tooth movements of torque, tip, rotations, and transverse width values with lingual straight-wire technique.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n 40 Caucasian subjects with mean age of 23.9 years, consecutively treated in private practice with a lingual straight-wire appliance (STb, Ormco, Glendora, Calif) were evaluated. Maxillary and mandibular dental casts were taken before treatment (T0), in the setup (T1), and at the end of treatment (T2) and scanned with an intraoral 3D scanner Carestream CS 3600 (Carestream Dental, Atlanta, GA). Virtual models at the three time points were superimposed on T1 using 3D software, and the coordinates were exported as a set of x, y, and z values. Angular and linear measurements were analyzed to measure torque, tip, rotation movements, and transverse intra-arch widths. Changes among the three time points were analyzed with Friedman's nonparametric test.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A general increase in torque was recorded in the setup and in the final result, except for the maxillary molars. Torque, tip, and rotation movement mean accuracy was \u226584% for incisors, canines, and premolars. A general increase in transverse width was measured in the setup and in the final models, except for the upper second molars, which showed reduced transverse width during treatment.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The movements planned in the setup to obtain the ideal torque, tip, and rotations actually occurred, except for second molars, which showed less accuracy. Planned expansion of the arches occurred only partially.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/031522-220.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T15:49:32Z","timestamp":1661788172000},"page":"714-721","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Accuracy of planned tooth movement with lingual straight wire technique"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Paolo","family":"Albertini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Albertini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Pellitteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Huanca","family":"Ghislanzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b01","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"331","article-title":"Treatment outcome with orthodontic aligners and fixed appliances: a systematic review with meta-analyses","volume":"42","author":"Papageorgiou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papageorgiou\n SN\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKoletsiD,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tIliadiA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPeltomakiT,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tEliadesT.\n Treatment outcome with orthodontic aligners and fixed appliances: a systematic review with meta-analyses.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;42(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t331\u2013343."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b02","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"46","article-title":"The straight-wire concept in lingual orthodontics","volume":"35","author":"Takemoto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Takemoto\n K\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tScuzzoG.\n The straight-wire concept in lingual orthodontics.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;35(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t46\u201352."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"819","article-title":"Effectiveness of lingual versus labial fixed appliances in adults according to the Peer Assessment Rating index","volume":"155","author":"Ata-Ali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ata-Ali\n F\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPlasenciaE,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLanuza-GarciaA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFerrer-MolinaM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMeloM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAta-AliJ.\n Effectiveness of lingual versus labial fixed appliances in adults according to the Peer Assessment Rating index.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;155(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t819\u2013825."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"433","article-title":"Accuracy in tooth positioning with a fully customized lingual orthodontic appliance","volume":"140","author":"Grauer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grauer\n D\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tProffitWR.\n Accuracy in tooth positioning with a fully customized lingual orthodontic appliance.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;140(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t433\u2013443."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b05","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"52","article-title":"Therapeutic accuracy of the completely customized lingual appliance WIN: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"78","author":"Pauls","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pauls\n A\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNienkemperM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSchwestka-PollyR,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWiechmannD.\n Therapeutic accuracy of the completely customized lingual appliance WIN: a retrospective cohort study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orofac Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;78(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t52\u201361."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b06","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"19","article-title":"Evaluation of tip and torque on virtual study models: a validation study","volume":"14","author":"Huanca Ghislanzoni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huanca Ghislanzoni\n LT\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLinebergerM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCevidanesLH,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMapelliA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSforzaC,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMcNamaraJAJr.\n Evaluation of tip and torque on virtual study models: a validation study.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;14:19."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b07","series-title":"Int Orthod","first-page":"14","article-title":"KommonBase for precise direct bonding of lingual orthodontic brackets","volume":"8","author":"Komori","year":"2010","unstructured":"Komori\n A\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFujisawaM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tIguchiS.\n KommonBase for precise direct bonding of lingual orthodontic brackets.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;8(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t14\u201327."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b08","series-title":"Does low-frequency vibration have an effect on aligner treatment? A single-centre, randomized controlled trial [published correction appears in Eur J Orthod.","first-page":"434","volume":"41","author":"Lombardo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lombardo\n L\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tArreghiniA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHuanca GhislanzoniLT,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSicilianiG.\n Does low-frequency vibration have an effect on aligner treatment? A single-centre, randomized controlled trial [published correction appears in Eur J Orthod.\n 2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t41(4):444]. Eur J Orthod. 2019;41(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t434\u2013443."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"460","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of the palatal shape and arch dimension in subjects with palatally displaced canine","volume":"41","author":"Mucedero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mucedero\n M\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRozziM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMilazzoA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCozzaP.\n Morphometric analysis of the palatal shape and arch dimension in subjects with palatally displaced canine.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;41(5):\n\t\t\t\t\t460\u2013467."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"94","article-title":"Transverse and torque dental changes after passive self-ligating fixed therapy: a two-year follow-up study","volume":"156","author":"Lucchese","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lucchese\n A\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tManuelliM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAlbertiniP,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGhislanzoniLH.\n Transverse and torque dental changes after passive self-ligating fixed therapy: a two-year follow-up study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;156(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t94\u2013103."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b11","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"35","article-title":"Predictability of orthodontic movement with orthodontic aligners: a retrospective study","volume":"18","author":"Lombardo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lombardo\n L\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tArreghiniA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRaminaF,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHuanca GhislanzoniLT,SicilianiG.\n Predictability of orthodontic movement with orthodontic aligners: a retrospective study.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;18(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t35."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"19","article-title":"The predictability of transverse changes with Invisalign","volume":"87","author":"Houle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Houle\n JP\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPiedadeL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTodescanRJr,PinheiroFH.\n The predictability of transverse changes with Invisalign.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;87(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t19\u201324."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"609","article-title":"Three-dimensional digital cast analysis of the effects produced by a passive self-ligating system","volume":"38","author":"Lineberger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lineberger\n MB\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFranchiL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCevidanesLH,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHuanca GhislanzoniLT,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMcNamaraJAJr.\n Three-dimensional digital cast analysis of the effects produced by a passive self-ligating system.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;38(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t609\u2013614."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"296","article-title":"The six keys to normal occlusion","volume":"62","author":"Andrews","year":"1972","unstructured":"Andrews\n LF.\n \n \n The six keys to normal occlusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1972;62(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t296\u2013309."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"372","article-title":"Transfer accuracy of 3D-printed trays for indirect bonding of orthodontic brackets","volume":"92","author":"Bachour","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bachour\n PC\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKlabundeR,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGr\u00fcnheidT.\n Transfer accuracy of 3D-printed trays for indirect bonding of orthodontic brackets.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2022;92(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t372\u2013379."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b16","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"348","article-title":"Therapeutic accuracy of individualized brackets in lingual orthodontics","volume":"71","author":"Pauls","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pauls\n AH.\n \n \n Therapeutic accuracy of individualized brackets in lingual orthodontics.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orofac Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;71(5):\n\t\t\t\t\t348\u2013361."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b01","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"331","article-title":"Treatment outcome with orthodontic aligners and fixed appliances: a systematic review with meta-analyses","volume":"42","author":"Papageorgiou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papageorgiou\n SN\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKoletsiD,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tIliadiA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPeltomakiT,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tEliadesT.\n Treatment outcome with orthodontic aligners and fixed appliances: a systematic review with meta-analyses.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2020;42(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t331\u2013343."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b02","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"46","article-title":"The straight-wire concept in lingual orthodontics","volume":"35","author":"Takemoto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Takemoto\n K\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tScuzzoG.\n The straight-wire concept in lingual orthodontics.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Clin Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2001;35(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t46\u201352."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"819","article-title":"Effectiveness of lingual versus labial fixed appliances in adults according to the Peer Assessment Rating index","volume":"155","author":"Ata-Ali","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ata-Ali\n F\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPlasenciaE,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLanuza-GarciaA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFerrer-MolinaM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMeloM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAta-AliJ.\n Effectiveness of lingual versus labial fixed appliances in adults according to the Peer Assessment Rating index.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;155(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t819\u2013825."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"433","article-title":"Accuracy in tooth positioning with a fully customized lingual orthodontic appliance","volume":"140","author":"Grauer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grauer\n D\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tProffitWR.\n Accuracy in tooth positioning with a fully customized lingual orthodontic appliance.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;140(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t433\u2013443."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b05","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"52","article-title":"Therapeutic accuracy of the completely customized lingual appliance WIN: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"78","author":"Pauls","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pauls\n A\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tNienkemperM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSchwestka-PollyR,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tWiechmannD.\n Therapeutic accuracy of the completely customized lingual appliance WIN: a retrospective cohort study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orofac Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;78(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t52\u201361."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b06","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"19","article-title":"Evaluation of tip and torque on virtual study models: a validation study","volume":"14","author":"Huanca Ghislanzoni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huanca Ghislanzoni\n LT\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tLinebergerM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCevidanesLH,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMapelliA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSforzaC,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMcNamaraJAJr.\n Evaluation of tip and torque on virtual study models: a validation study.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;14:19."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b07","series-title":"Int Orthod","first-page":"14","article-title":"KommonBase for precise direct bonding of lingual orthodontic brackets","volume":"8","author":"Komori","year":"2010","unstructured":"Komori\n A\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFujisawaM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tIguchiS.\n KommonBase for precise direct bonding of lingual orthodontic brackets.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;8(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t14\u201327."},{"issue":"(4)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b08","series-title":"Does low-frequency vibration have an effect on aligner treatment? A single-centre, randomized controlled trial [published correction appears in Eur J Orthod.","first-page":"434","volume":"41","author":"Lombardo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lombardo\n L\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tArreghiniA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHuanca GhislanzoniLT,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tSicilianiG.\n Does low-frequency vibration have an effect on aligner treatment? A single-centre, randomized controlled trial [published correction appears in Eur J Orthod.\n 2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t41(4):444]. Eur J Orthod. 2019;41(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t434\u2013443."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"460","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of the palatal shape and arch dimension in subjects with palatally displaced canine","volume":"41","author":"Mucedero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mucedero\n M\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRozziM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tMilazzoA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCozzaP.\n Morphometric analysis of the palatal shape and arch dimension in subjects with palatally displaced canine.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;41(5):\n\t\t\t\t\t460\u2013467."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"94","article-title":"Transverse and torque dental changes after passive self-ligating fixed therapy: a two-year follow-up study","volume":"156","author":"Lucchese","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lucchese\n A\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tManuelliM,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tAlbertiniP,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGhislanzoniLH.\n Transverse and torque dental changes after passive self-ligating fixed therapy: a two-year follow-up study.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;156(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t94\u2013103."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b11","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"35","article-title":"Predictability of orthodontic movement with orthodontic aligners: a retrospective study","volume":"18","author":"Lombardo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lombardo\n L\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tArreghiniA,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tRaminaF,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHuanca GhislanzoniLT,SicilianiG.\n Predictability of orthodontic movement with orthodontic aligners: a retrospective study.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;18(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t35."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"19","article-title":"The predictability of transverse changes with Invisalign","volume":"87","author":"Houle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Houle\n JP\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tPiedadeL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTodescanRJr,PinheiroFH.\n The predictability of transverse changes with Invisalign.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;87(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t19\u201324."},{"issue":"(6)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"609","article-title":"Three-dimensional digital cast analysis of the effects produced by a passive self-ligating system","volume":"38","author":"Lineberger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lineberger\n MB\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tFranchiL,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tCevidanesLH,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHuanca GhislanzoniLT,\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMcNamaraJAJr.\n Three-dimensional digital cast analysis of the effects produced by a passive self-ligating system.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;38(6):\n\t\t\t\t\t609\u2013614."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"296","article-title":"The six keys to normal occlusion","volume":"62","author":"Andrews","year":"1972","unstructured":"Andrews\n LF.\n \n \n The six keys to normal occlusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1972;62(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t296\u2013309."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"372","article-title":"Transfer accuracy of 3D-printed trays for indirect bonding of orthodontic brackets","volume":"92","author":"Bachour","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bachour\n PC\n ,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tKlabundeR,\n\t\t\t\t\t\tGr\u00fcnheidT.\n Transfer accuracy of 3D-printed trays for indirect bonding of orthodontic brackets.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2022;92(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t372\u2013379."},{"issue":"(5)","key":"i1945-7103-92-6-714-b16","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"348","article-title":"Therapeutic accuracy of individualized brackets in lingual orthodontics","volume":"71","author":"Pauls","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pauls\n AH.\n \n \n Therapeutic accuracy of individualized brackets in lingual orthodontics.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orofac Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;71(5):\n\t\t\t\t\t348\u2013361."}],"container-title":["The Angle 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