{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T08:01:03Z","timestamp":1780473663650,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To compare the long-term outcome 9 years after removal of two different types of fixed retainers used for stabilization of the mandibular anterior segment.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Sixty-four children who had undergone orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances in both arches were divided into two groups depending on which kind of retainer being used. Twenty-eight of the patients had a canine-to-canine retainer bonded to the canines and 36 had a bonded twistflex retainer 3-3, bonded to each tooth. Measurements were made on study models and lateral head radiographs, before and after treatment, 6 years after treatment, and 12 years after treatment, with a mean of 9.2 years after removal of the retainers.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    No significant differences were found between the two groups at the long-term follow-up according to Little's Irregularity Index or available space for the mandibular incisors. The overjet and overbite were reduced after treatment in both groups and stayed stable throughout the observation period. Also, no differences in bonding failures between the two retainers were found.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Both a canine-to-canine retainer bonded only to the canines and a twistflex retainer 3-3 bonded to each tooth can be recommended. However, neither of the retention types prevented long-term changes of mandibular incisor irregularity or available space for the mandibular incisors after removal of the retainers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/031716-227.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,23]],"date-time":"2016-08-23T10:03:13Z","timestamp":1471946593000},"page":"200-208","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Twelve-year follow-up of mandibular incisor stability: Comparison between two bonded lingual orthodontic retainers"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Sch\u00fctz-Fransson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research student, Faculty of Odontology, Malm\u00f6 University, Sweden, Specialist in Orthodontics, The County Orthodontic Clinic in Uddevalla, V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rune","family":"Lindsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krister","family":"Bjerklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malm\u00f6 University, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Bondemark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malm\u00f6 University, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b01","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"728","article-title":"Long-term experience with direct-bonded retainers: update and clinical advice","volume":"41","author":"Zachrisson \n              BU.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zachrisson \n              BU. \n            \n          \n          Long-term experience with direct-bonded retainers: update and clinical advice. J Clin Orthod. 2007;41:728\u2013737."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"300","article-title":"Stability of orthodontic treatment outcome: follow-up until 10 years postretention","volume":"115","author":"Al Yami \n              EA,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Al Yami \n              EA, \n            \n            \n              Kuijpers-Jagtman \n              AM, \n            \n            \n              van't Hof \n              MA. \n            \n          \n          Stability of orthodontic treatment outcome: follow-up until 10 years postretention. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;115:300\u2013304."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b03","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"352","article-title":"Bonded retainers-clinical reliability","volume":"61","author":"Segner \n              D,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Segner \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Heinrici \n              B. \n            \n          \n          Bonded retainers-clinical reliability. J Orofac Orthop. 2000;61:352\u2013358."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"70","article-title":"Twenty-year follow-up of patients with permanently bonded mandibular canine-to-canine retainers","volume":"133","author":"Booth \n              FA,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Booth \n              FA, \n            \n            \n              Edelman \n              JM, \n            \n            \n              Proffit \n              WR. \n            \n          \n          Twenty-year follow-up of patients with permanently bonded mandibular canine-to-canine retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:70\u201376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"179e1","article-title":"Effectiveness of lingual retainers bonded to the canines in preventing mandibular incisor relapse","volume":"134","author":"Renkema \n              AM,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Renkema \n              AM, \n            \n            \n              Al-Assad \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Bronkhorst \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Weindel \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Katsaros \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Lisson \n              JA. \n            \n          \n          Effectiveness of lingual retainers bonded to the canines in preventing mandibular incisor relapse. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:179e1\u2013e8."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"614","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness of canine-to-canine bonded flexible spiral wire lingual retainers","volume":"139","author":"Renkema \n              AM,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Renkema \n              AM, \n            \n            \n              Renkema \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Bronkhorst \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Katsaros \n              C. \n            \n          \n          Long-term effectiveness of canine-to-canine bonded flexible spiral wire lingual retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:614\u2013621."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b07","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"562","article-title":"Important aspects of long term stability","volume":"31","author":"Zachrisson \n              BU.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zachrisson \n              BU. \n            \n          \n          Important aspects of long term stability. J Clin Orthod. 1997;31:562\u2013583."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b08","series-title":"Contemporary orthodontics","first-page":"615","article-title":"Retention","author":"Profitt \n              WR.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Profitt \n              WR. \n            \n          \n          Retention. In:Contemporary orthodontics. Proffit W, Fields, H, Sarver, D, eds. 5th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby-Year Book;2013:615\u2013616."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b09","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","article-title":"Retention procedures for stabilizing tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces","author":"Littlewood \n              SJ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Littlewood \n              SJ, \n            \n            \n              Millett \n              DT, \n            \n            \n              Doubleday \n              B, \n            \n            \n              Bearn \n              DR, \n            \n            \n              Worthington \n              HV. \n            \n          \n          Retention procedures for stabilizing tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006(1): CD002283."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"501","article-title":"3-year follow-up study of various types of orthodontic canine-to-canine retainers","volume":"19","author":"Artun \n              J,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Artun \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Spadafora \n              AT, \n            \n            \n              Shapiro \n              PA. A\n            \n          \n          3-year follow-up study of various types of orthodontic canine-to-canine retainers. Eur J Orthod. 1997;19:501\u2013509."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b11","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"345","article-title":"Five-year postretention outcomes of three retention methods\u2014a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","year":"2015","unstructured":"Edman Tynelius G, Petr\u00e9n S, Bondemark L, Lilja-Karlander E. Five-year postretention outcomes of three retention methods\u2014a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod. 2015;37:345\u2013353."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b12","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"42","article-title":"A prospective randomized study of different retainer types","volume":"63","author":"St\u00f6rmann \n              I,","year":"2002","unstructured":"St\u00f6rmann \n              I, \n            \n            \n              Ehmer \n              U. \n            \n          \n          A prospective randomized study of different retainer types. J Orofac Orthop. 2002;63:42\u201350."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b13","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"300","article-title":"Lower bonded retainers: survival and failure rates particularly considering operator experience","volume":"71","author":"Scheibe \n              K,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scheibe \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Ruf \n              S. \n            \n          \n          Lower bonded retainers: survival and failure rates particularly considering operator experience. J Orofac Orthop. 2010;71:300\u2013307."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"554","article-title":"The irregularity index. A quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment","volume":"68","author":"Little \n              RM.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Little \n              RM. \n            \n          \n          The irregularity index. A quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment. Am J Orthod. 1975;68:554\u2013563."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b15","series-title":"The face in Profile","author":"Bj\u00f6rk \n              A.","year":"1947","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rk \n              A. \n            \n          \n          The face in Profile. Uppsala, Sweden: Svensk Tandl Tidsk;1947;40(suppl 1)."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b16","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","article-title":"The pattern of craniofacial associations","author":"Solow \n              B.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Solow \n              B. \n            \n          \n          The pattern of craniofacial associations. Acta Odontol Scand. 1966;24(suppl 46)."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b17","series-title":"Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students","author":"Dahlberg \n              G.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Dahlberg \n              G. \n            \n          \n          Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students. New York: Interscience Publications;1940."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"350","article-title":"Stability and relapse of mandibular anterior alignment\u2014first premolar extraction cases treated by traditional edgewise orthodontics","volume":"80","author":"Little \n              RM,","year":"1981","unstructured":"Little \n              RM, \n            \n            \n              Wallen \n              TR, \n            \n            \n              Riedel \n              RA. \n            \n          \n          Stability and relapse of mandibular anterior alignment\u2014first premolar extraction cases treated by traditional edgewise orthodontics. Am J Orthod. 1981;80:350\u2013365."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"423","article-title":"An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention","volume":"93","author":"Little \n              RM,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Little \n              RM, \n            \n            \n              Riedel \n              RA, \n            \n            \n              \u00c5rtun \n              J. \n            \n          \n          An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention. Am J Orthod. 1988;93:423\u2013428."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b20","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"229","article-title":"Long-term stability of mandibular incisors following successful treatment of Class II, Division 1, malocclusions","volume":"66","author":"\u00c5rtun \n              J,","year":"1996","unstructured":"\u00c5rtun \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Garol \n              JD, \n            \n            \n              Little \n              RM. \n            \n          \n          Long-term stability of mandibular incisors following successful treatment of Class II, Division 1, malocclusions. Angle Orthod. 1996;66:229\u2013238."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b21","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"249","article-title":"Post-retention crowding and incisor irregularity: A long term follow-up. Evaluation of stability and relapse","volume":"22","author":"Kahl-Nieke \n              B,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kahl-Nieke \n              B, \n            \n            \n              Fischbach \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Schwarze \n              CW. \n            \n          \n          Post-retention crowding and incisor irregularity: A long term follow-up. Evaluation of stability and relapse. Br J Orthod. 1995;22:249\u2013257."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b22","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"119","article-title":"Retention in orthodontics","volume":"218","author":"Johnston \n              CD,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Johnston \n              CD, \n            \n            \n              Littlewood \n              S. \n            \n          \n          Retention in orthodontics. Br Dent J. 2015;218:119\u2013122."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"19","article-title":"Late adult skeletofacial growth after adolescent Herbst Therapy: a 32-year longitudinal follow-up study","volume":"147","author":"Pancherz \n              H,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pancherz \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Bjerklin \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Hashemi \n              K. \n            \n          \n          Late adult skeletofacial growth after adolescent Herbst Therapy: a 32-year longitudinal follow-up study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;147:19\u201328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b24","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"160","article-title":"A longitudinal evaluation of extraction versus nonextraction treatment with special reference to the posttreatment irregularity of the lower incisors","volume":"5","author":"Rossouw \n              PE,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rossouw \n              PE, \n            \n            \n              Preston \n              CB, \n            \n            \n              Lombard \n              C. \n            \n          \n          A longitudinal evaluation of extraction versus nonextraction treatment with special reference to the posttreatment irregularity of the lower incisors. Semin Orthod. 1999;5:160\u2013170."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b25","series-title":"Oral Health Dent Manag","first-page":"669","article-title":"Mandibular incisor re-crowding: is it different in extraction and non-extraction cases?","volume":"13","author":"Zafarmand \n              AH,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zafarmand \n              AH, \n            \n            \n              Qamari \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Zafarmand \n              MM. \n            \n          \n          Mandibular incisor re-crowding: is it different in extraction and non-extraction cases?\n          Oral Health Dent Manag. 2014;13:669\u2013674."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b26","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"470","article-title":"A prospective clinical evaluation of mandibular lingual retainer survival","volume":"34","author":"Taner \n              T,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Taner \n              T, \n            \n            \n              Aksu \n              M. \n            \n          \n          A prospective clinical evaluation of mandibular lingual retainer survival. Eur J Orthod. 2012;34:470\u2013474."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b27","series-title":"J Dent","first-page":"876","article-title":"Failure of fixed orthodontic retainers: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Iliadi \n              A,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iliadi \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Kloukos \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Gkantidis \n              N, \n            \n            \n              Katsaros \n              C. \n            \n          \n          Failure of fixed orthodontic retainers: a systematic review. J Dent. 2015;43:876\u2013896."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b01","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"728","article-title":"Long-term experience with direct-bonded retainers: update and clinical advice","volume":"41","author":"Zachrisson \n              BU.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zachrisson \n              BU. \n            \n          \n          Long-term experience with direct-bonded retainers: update and clinical advice. J Clin Orthod. 2007;41:728\u2013737."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"300","article-title":"Stability of orthodontic treatment outcome: follow-up until 10 years postretention","volume":"115","author":"Al Yami \n              EA,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Al Yami \n              EA, \n            \n            \n              Kuijpers-Jagtman \n              AM, \n            \n            \n              van't Hof \n              MA. \n            \n          \n          Stability of orthodontic treatment outcome: follow-up until 10 years postretention. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;115:300\u2013304."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b03","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"352","article-title":"Bonded retainers-clinical reliability","volume":"61","author":"Segner \n              D,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Segner \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Heinrici \n              B. \n            \n          \n          Bonded retainers-clinical reliability. J Orofac Orthop. 2000;61:352\u2013358."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"70","article-title":"Twenty-year follow-up of patients with permanently bonded mandibular canine-to-canine retainers","volume":"133","author":"Booth \n              FA,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Booth \n              FA, \n            \n            \n              Edelman \n              JM, \n            \n            \n              Proffit \n              WR. \n            \n          \n          Twenty-year follow-up of patients with permanently bonded mandibular canine-to-canine retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:70\u201376."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"179e1","article-title":"Effectiveness of lingual retainers bonded to the canines in preventing mandibular incisor relapse","volume":"134","author":"Renkema \n              AM,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Renkema \n              AM, \n            \n            \n              Al-Assad \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Bronkhorst \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Weindel \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Katsaros \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Lisson \n              JA. \n            \n          \n          Effectiveness of lingual retainers bonded to the canines in preventing mandibular incisor relapse. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:179e1\u2013e8."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"614","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness of canine-to-canine bonded flexible spiral wire lingual retainers","volume":"139","author":"Renkema \n              AM,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Renkema \n              AM, \n            \n            \n              Renkema \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Bronkhorst \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Katsaros \n              C. \n            \n          \n          Long-term effectiveness of canine-to-canine bonded flexible spiral wire lingual retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:614\u2013621."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b07","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"562","article-title":"Important aspects of long term stability","volume":"31","author":"Zachrisson \n              BU.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zachrisson \n              BU. \n            \n          \n          Important aspects of long term stability. J Clin Orthod. 1997;31:562\u2013583."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b08","series-title":"Contemporary orthodontics","first-page":"615","article-title":"Retention","author":"Profitt \n              WR.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Profitt \n              WR. \n            \n          \n          Retention. In:Contemporary orthodontics. Proffit W, Fields, H, Sarver, D, eds. 5th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby-Year Book;2013:615\u2013616."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b09","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","article-title":"Retention procedures for stabilizing tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces","author":"Littlewood \n              SJ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Littlewood \n              SJ, \n            \n            \n              Millett \n              DT, \n            \n            \n              Doubleday \n              B, \n            \n            \n              Bearn \n              DR, \n            \n            \n              Worthington \n              HV. \n            \n          \n          Retention procedures for stabilizing tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006(1): CD002283."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b10","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"501","article-title":"3-year follow-up study of various types of orthodontic canine-to-canine retainers","volume":"19","author":"Artun \n              J,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Artun \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Spadafora \n              AT, \n            \n            \n              Shapiro \n              PA. A\n            \n          \n          3-year follow-up study of various types of orthodontic canine-to-canine retainers. Eur J Orthod. 1997;19:501\u2013509."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b11","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"345","article-title":"Five-year postretention outcomes of three retention methods\u2014a randomized controlled trial","volume":"37","year":"2015","unstructured":"Edman Tynelius G, Petr\u00e9n S, Bondemark L, Lilja-Karlander E. Five-year postretention outcomes of three retention methods\u2014a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod. 2015;37:345\u2013353."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b12","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"42","article-title":"A prospective randomized study of different retainer types","volume":"63","author":"St\u00f6rmann \n              I,","year":"2002","unstructured":"St\u00f6rmann \n              I, \n            \n            \n              Ehmer \n              U. \n            \n          \n          A prospective randomized study of different retainer types. J Orofac Orthop. 2002;63:42\u201350."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b13","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"300","article-title":"Lower bonded retainers: survival and failure rates particularly considering operator experience","volume":"71","author":"Scheibe \n              K,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scheibe \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Ruf \n              S. \n            \n          \n          Lower bonded retainers: survival and failure rates particularly considering operator experience. J Orofac Orthop. 2010;71:300\u2013307."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"554","article-title":"The irregularity index. A quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment","volume":"68","author":"Little \n              RM.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Little \n              RM. \n            \n          \n          The irregularity index. A quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment. Am J Orthod. 1975;68:554\u2013563."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b15","series-title":"The face in Profile","author":"Bj\u00f6rk \n              A.","year":"1947","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rk \n              A. \n            \n          \n          The face in Profile. Uppsala, Sweden: Svensk Tandl Tidsk;1947;40(suppl 1)."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b16","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","article-title":"The pattern of craniofacial associations","author":"Solow \n              B.","year":"1966","unstructured":"Solow \n              B. \n            \n          \n          The pattern of craniofacial associations. Acta Odontol Scand. 1966;24(suppl 46)."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b17","series-title":"Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students","author":"Dahlberg \n              G.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Dahlberg \n              G. \n            \n          \n          Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students. New York: Interscience Publications;1940."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"350","article-title":"Stability and relapse of mandibular anterior alignment\u2014first premolar extraction cases treated by traditional edgewise orthodontics","volume":"80","author":"Little \n              RM,","year":"1981","unstructured":"Little \n              RM, \n            \n            \n              Wallen \n              TR, \n            \n            \n              Riedel \n              RA. \n            \n          \n          Stability and relapse of mandibular anterior alignment\u2014first premolar extraction cases treated by traditional edgewise orthodontics. Am J Orthod. 1981;80:350\u2013365."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-200-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"423","article-title":"An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention","volume":"93","author":"Little \n              RM,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Little \n              RM, \n            \n            \n              Riedel \n              RA, \n            \n            \n              \u00c5rtun \n              J. \n            \n          \n          An evaluation of changes in mandibular anterior alignment from 10 to 20 years postretention. 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