{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T14:37:04Z","timestamp":1791211024676,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To compare facial growth prediction models based on the partial least squares and artificial intelligence (AI).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n Serial longitudinal lateral cephalograms from 410 patients who had not undergone orthodontic treatment but had taken serial cephalograms were collected from January 2002 to December 2022. On every image, 46 skeletal and 32 soft-tissue landmarks were identified manually. Growth prediction models were constructed using multivariate partial least squares regression (PLS) and a deep learning method based on the TabNet deep neural network incorporating 161 predictor, and 156 response, variables. The prediction accuracy between the two methods was compared.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n On average, AI showed less prediction error by 2.11 mm than PLS. Among the 78 landmarks, AI was more accurate in 63 landmarks, whereas PLS was more accurate in nine landmarks, including cranial base landmarks. The remaining six landmarks showed no statistical difference between the two methods. Overall, soft-tissue landmarks, landmarks in the mandible, and growth in the vertical direction showed greater prediction errors than hard-tissue landmarks, landmarks in the maxilla, and growth changes in the horizontal direction, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n PLS and AI methods seemed to be valuable tools for predicting growth. PLS accurately predicted landmarks with low variability in the cranial base. In general, however, AI outperformed, particularly for those landmarks in the maxilla and mandible. Applying AI for growth prediction might be more advantageous when uncertainty is considerable.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/031723-181.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T20:05:12Z","timestamp":1698869112000},"page":"207-215","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Comparison of individualized facial growth prediction models based on the partial least squares and artificial intelligence"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Jun-Ho","family":"Moon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hak-Kyun","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Myung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Joo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Ae","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard E.","family":"Donatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"705","article-title":"Evaluation of an individualized facial growth prediction model based on the multivariate partial least squares method","volume":"92","author":"Moon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Kim\n MG,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Cho\n SJ,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Evaluation of an individualized facial growth prediction model based on the multivariate partial least squares method.\nAngle Orthod.\n2022;\n92:705\u2013713."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"45","article-title":"Development and testing of multilevel models for longitudinal craniofacial growth prediction","volume":"128","author":"Chvatal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chvatal\n BA,\n \n \n Behrents\n RG,\n \n \n Ceen\n RF,\n \n \n Buschang\n PH.\n \n \n Development and testing of multilevel models for longitudinal craniofacial growth prediction.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2005;\n128:45\u201356."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"11","article-title":"A theoretical analysis of longitudinal temporomandibular joint compressive stresses and mandibular growth","volume":"92","author":"Desai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Desai\n RJ,\n \n \n Iwasaki\n LR,\n \n \n Kim\n SM,\n \n \n Liu\n H,\n \n \n Liu\n Y,\n \n \n Nickel\n JC.\n \n \n A theoretical analysis of longitudinal temporomandibular joint compressive stresses and mandibular growth.\nAngle Orthod.\n2022;\n92:11\u201317."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b04","series-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol","first-page":"37","article-title":"Geometric morphometric study of the regional variation of modern human craniofacial form","volume":"117","author":"Hennessy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hennessy\n RJ,\n \n \n Stringer\n CB.\n \n \n Geometric morphometric study of the regional variation of modern human craniofacial form.\nAm J Phys Anthropol.\n2002;\n117:37\u201348."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"384","article-title":"Genetic and environmental components of vertical growth in mono- and dizygotic twins up to 15-18 years of age","volume":"91","author":"Hersberger-Zurfluh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hersberger-Zurfluh\n MA,\n \n \n Papageorgiou\n SN,\n \n \n Motro\n M,\n \n \n Kantarci\n A,\n \n \n Will\n LA,\n \n \n Eliades\n T.\n \n \n Genetic and environmental components of vertical growth in mono- and dizygotic twins up to 15-18 years of age.\nAngle Orthod.\n2021;\n91:384\u2013390."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"253","article-title":"A simplified approach to prediction","volume":"67","author":"Johnston","year":"1975","unstructured":"Johnston\n LE.\n \n \n A simplified approach to prediction.\nAm J Orthod.\n1975;\n67:253\u2013257."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b07","series-title":"Ann Hum Biol","first-page":"509","article-title":"Early stature prediction method using stature growth parameters","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n An\n H,\n \n \n Ahn\n SJ,\n \n \n Kim\n YH,\n \n \n Pak\n S,\n \n \n Lee\n JW.\n \n \n Early stature prediction method using stature growth parameters.\nAnn Hum Biol.\n2008;\n35:509\u2013517."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"679","article-title":"Do Class III patients have a different growth spurt than the general population","volume":"142","author":"Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee\n YS,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n An\n H,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Kim\n SH.\n \n \n Do Class III patients have a different growth spurt than the general population? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2012;\n142:679\u2013689."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"65","article-title":"Individual variation in growth directions expressed at the chin and the midface","volume":"2","author":"Lundstrom","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lundstrom\n A,\n \n \n Woodside\n DG.\n \n \n Individual variation in growth directions expressed at the chin and the midface.\nEur J Orthod.\n1980;\n2:65\u201379."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"214","article-title":"The mesh diagram and cephalometrics","volume":"32","author":"Moorrees","year":"1962","unstructured":"Moorrees\n CF,\n \n \n Lebret\n L.\n \n \n The mesh diagram and cephalometrics.\nAngle Orthod.\n1962;\n32:214\u2013231."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"406","article-title":"Craniofacial templates for orthodontic case analysis","volume":"71","author":"Popovich","year":"1977","unstructured":"Popovich\n F,\n \n \n Thompson\n GW.\n \n \n Craniofacial templates for orthodontic case analysis.\nAm J Orthod.\n1977;\n71:406\u2013420."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"368","article-title":"A principle of arcial growth of the mandible","volume":"42","author":"Ricketts","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ricketts\n RM.\n \n \n A principle of arcial growth of the mandible.\nAngle Orthod.\n1972;\n42:368\u2013386."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"179","article-title":"The value of cephalometrics and computerized technology","volume":"42","author":"Ricketts","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ricketts\n RM.\n \n \n The value of cephalometrics and computerized technology.\nAngle Orthod.\n1972;\n42:179\u2013199."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"283","article-title":"Multivariate prediction of skeletal Class II growth","volume":"114","author":"Rudolph","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rudolph\n DJ,\n \n \n White\n SE,\n \n \n Sinclair\n PM.\n \n \n Multivariate prediction of skeletal Class II growth.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n1998;\n114:283\u2013291."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"107","article-title":"Parental data used to predict growth of craniofacial form","volume":"99","author":"Suzuki","year":"1991","unstructured":"Suzuki\n A,\n \n \n Takahama\n Y.\n \n \n Parental data used to predict growth of craniofacial form.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n1991;\n99:107\u2013121."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"47","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in normal craniofacial growth","volume":"63","author":"Ursi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ursi\n WJ,\n \n \n Trotman\n CA,\n \n \n McNamara\n JA,\n Jr.,\n \n \n Behrents\n RG.\n \n \n Sexual dimorphism in normal craniofacial growth.\nAngle Orthod.\n1993;\n63:47\u201356."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"57","article-title":"New norms for the mesh diagram analysis","volume":"69","author":"Moorrees","year":"1976","unstructured":"Moorrees\n CF,\n \n \n uan Venrooij\n ME,\n \n \n Lebret\n LM,\n \n \n Glatky\n CG,\n \n \n Kent\n RL,\n \n \n Reed\n RB.\n \n \n New norms for the mesh diagram analysis.\nAm J Orthod.\n1976;\n69:57\u201371."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"249","article-title":"A cephalometric template: Its construction and clinical significance","volume":"49","author":"Harris","year":"1963","unstructured":"Harris\n JE,\n \n \n Johnston\n L,\n \n \n Moyers\n RE.\n \n \n A cephalometric template: Its construction and clinical significance.\nAm J Orthod.\n1963;\n49:249\u2013263."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"14","article-title":"Planning treatment on the basis of the facial pattern and an estimate of its growth","volume":"27","author":"Ricketts","year":"1957","unstructured":"Ricketts\n RM.\n \n \n Planning treatment on the basis of the facial pattern and an estimate of its growth.\nAngle Orthod.\n1957;\n27:14\u201337."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"264","article-title":"A proposed multivariate model for prediction of facial growth","volume":"75","author":"Bhatia","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bhatia\n SN,\n \n \n Wright\n GW,\n \n \n Leighton\n BC.\n \n \n A proposed multivariate model for prediction of facial growth.\nAm J Orthod.\n1979;\n75:264\u2013281."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"322","article-title":"A better statistical method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients","volume":"84","author":"Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee\n HJ,\n \n \n Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n YS,\n \n et al.\n \n A better statistical method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients.\nAngle Orthod.\n2014;\n84:322\u2013328."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"724","article-title":"A more accurate soft-tissue prediction model for Class III 2-jaw surgeries","volume":"146","author":"Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee\n YS,\n \n \n Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE.\n \n \n A more accurate soft-tissue prediction model for Class III 2-jaw surgeries.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2014;\n146:724\u2013733."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"910","article-title":"Predicting soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgery: the sparse partial least squares method","volume":"89","author":"Suh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n HJ,\n \n \n Lee\n YS,\n \n \n Eo\n SH,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Predicting soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgery: the sparse partial least squares method.\nAngle Orthod.\n2019;\n89:910\u2013916."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b24","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"e553","article-title":"A more accurate method of predicting soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery","volume":"70","author":"Suh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n Lee\n YS,\n \n et al.\n \n A more accurate method of predicting soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery.\nJ Oral Maxillofac Surg.\n2012;\n70:e553\u2013562."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"597","article-title":"Testing a better method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients: a prospective study and validity assessment","volume":"85","author":"Yoon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoon\n KS,\n \n \n Lee\n HJ,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE.\n \n \n Testing a better method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients: a prospective study and validity assessment.\nAngle Orthod.\n2015;\n85:597\u2013603."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b26","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"329","article-title":"Evaluation of automated cephalometric analysis based on the latest deep learning method","volume":"91","author":"Hwang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Kim\n MG,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Evaluation of automated cephalometric analysis based on the latest deep learning method.\nAngle Orthod.\n2021;\n91:329\u2013335."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b27","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"69","article-title":"Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 2- Might it be better than human","volume":"90","author":"Hwang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Moon\n JH,\n \n et al.\n \n Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 2- Might it be better than human? Angle Orthod.\n2020;\n90:69\u201376."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b28","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"226","article-title":"Evaluation of an automated superimposition method based on multiple landmarks for growing patients","volume":"92","author":"Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim\n MG,\n \n \n Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Cho\n SJ,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Evaluation of an automated superimposition method based on multiple landmarks for growing patients.\nAngle Orthod.\n2022;\n92:226\u2013232."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b29","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"390","article-title":"Evaluation of an automated superimposition method for computer-aided cephalometrics","volume":"90","author":"Moon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Evaluation of an automated superimposition method for computer-aided cephalometrics.\nAngle Orthod.\n2020;\n90:390\u2013396."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b30","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"823","article-title":"How much deep learning is enough for automatic identification to be reliable","volume":"90","author":"Moon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Yu\n Y,\n \n \n Kim\n MG,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n How much deep learning is enough for automatic identification to be reliable? Angle Orthod.\n2020;\n90:823\u2013830."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b31","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"903","article-title":"Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 1-Comparisons between the latest deep-learning methods YOLOV3 and SSD","volume":"89","author":"Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park\n JH,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Moon\n JH,\n \n et al.\n \n Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 1-Comparisons between the latest deep-learning methods YOLOV3 and SSD.\nAngle Orthod.\n2019;\n89:903\u2013909."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b32","series-title":"Proc Conf AAAI Artif Intell","first-page":"6679","article-title":"Tabnet: attentive interpretable tabular learning","volume":"35","author":"Arik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arik\n S\u00d6,\n \n \n Pfister\n T.\n \n \n Tabnet: attentive interpretable tabular learning.\nProc Conf AAAI Artif Intell.\n2021;\n35:6679\u20136687."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b33","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"272","article-title":"How to test validity in orthodontic research: a mixed dentition analysis example","volume":"147","author":"Donatelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n How to test validity in orthodontic research: a mixed dentition analysis example.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2015;\n147:272\u2013279."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"705","article-title":"Evaluation of an individualized facial growth prediction model based on the multivariate partial least squares method","volume":"92","author":"Moon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Kim\n MG,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Cho\n SJ,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Evaluation of an individualized facial growth prediction model based on the multivariate partial least squares method.\nAngle Orthod.\n2022;\n92:705\u2013713."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"45","article-title":"Development and testing of multilevel models for longitudinal craniofacial growth prediction","volume":"128","author":"Chvatal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chvatal\n BA,\n \n \n Behrents\n RG,\n \n \n Ceen\n RF,\n \n \n Buschang\n PH.\n \n \n Development and testing of multilevel models for longitudinal craniofacial growth prediction.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2005;\n128:45\u201356."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"11","article-title":"A theoretical analysis of longitudinal temporomandibular joint compressive stresses and mandibular growth","volume":"92","author":"Desai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Desai\n RJ,\n \n \n Iwasaki\n LR,\n \n \n Kim\n SM,\n \n \n Liu\n H,\n \n \n Liu\n Y,\n \n \n Nickel\n JC.\n \n \n A theoretical analysis of longitudinal temporomandibular joint compressive stresses and mandibular growth.\nAngle Orthod.\n2022;\n92:11\u201317."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b04","series-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol","first-page":"37","article-title":"Geometric morphometric study of the regional variation of modern human craniofacial form","volume":"117","author":"Hennessy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hennessy\n RJ,\n \n \n Stringer\n CB.\n \n \n Geometric morphometric study of the regional variation of modern human craniofacial form.\nAm J Phys Anthropol.\n2002;\n117:37\u201348."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"384","article-title":"Genetic and environmental components of vertical growth in mono- and dizygotic twins up to 15-18 years of age","volume":"91","author":"Hersberger-Zurfluh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hersberger-Zurfluh\n MA,\n \n \n Papageorgiou\n SN,\n \n \n Motro\n M,\n \n \n Kantarci\n A,\n \n \n Will\n LA,\n \n \n Eliades\n T.\n \n \n Genetic and environmental components of vertical growth in mono- and dizygotic twins up to 15-18 years of age.\nAngle Orthod.\n2021;\n91:384\u2013390."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"253","article-title":"A simplified approach to prediction","volume":"67","author":"Johnston","year":"1975","unstructured":"Johnston\n LE.\n \n \n A simplified approach to prediction.\nAm J Orthod.\n1975;\n67:253\u2013257."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b07","series-title":"Ann Hum Biol","first-page":"509","article-title":"Early stature prediction method using stature growth parameters","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n An\n H,\n \n \n Ahn\n SJ,\n \n \n Kim\n YH,\n \n \n Pak\n S,\n \n \n Lee\n JW.\n \n \n Early stature prediction method using stature growth parameters.\nAnn Hum Biol.\n2008;\n35:509\u2013517."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"679","article-title":"Do Class III patients have a different growth spurt than the general population","volume":"142","author":"Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee\n YS,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n An\n H,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Kim\n SH.\n \n \n Do Class III patients have a different growth spurt than the general population? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2012;\n142:679\u2013689."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"65","article-title":"Individual variation in growth directions expressed at the chin and the midface","volume":"2","author":"Lundstrom","year":"1980","unstructured":"Lundstrom\n A,\n \n \n Woodside\n DG.\n \n \n Individual variation in growth directions expressed at the chin and the midface.\nEur J Orthod.\n1980;\n2:65\u201379."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"214","article-title":"The mesh diagram and cephalometrics","volume":"32","author":"Moorrees","year":"1962","unstructured":"Moorrees\n CF,\n \n \n Lebret\n L.\n \n \n The mesh diagram and cephalometrics.\nAngle Orthod.\n1962;\n32:214\u2013231."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"406","article-title":"Craniofacial templates for orthodontic case analysis","volume":"71","author":"Popovich","year":"1977","unstructured":"Popovich\n F,\n \n \n Thompson\n GW.\n \n \n Craniofacial templates for orthodontic case analysis.\nAm J Orthod.\n1977;\n71:406\u2013420."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"368","article-title":"A principle of arcial growth of the mandible","volume":"42","author":"Ricketts","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ricketts\n RM.\n \n \n A principle of arcial growth of the mandible.\nAngle Orthod.\n1972;\n42:368\u2013386."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"179","article-title":"The value of cephalometrics and computerized technology","volume":"42","author":"Ricketts","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ricketts\n RM.\n \n \n The value of cephalometrics and computerized technology.\nAngle Orthod.\n1972;\n42:179\u2013199."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"283","article-title":"Multivariate prediction of skeletal Class II growth","volume":"114","author":"Rudolph","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rudolph\n DJ,\n \n \n White\n SE,\n \n \n Sinclair\n PM.\n \n \n Multivariate prediction of skeletal Class II growth.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n1998;\n114:283\u2013291."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"107","article-title":"Parental data used to predict growth of craniofacial form","volume":"99","author":"Suzuki","year":"1991","unstructured":"Suzuki\n A,\n \n \n Takahama\n Y.\n \n \n Parental data used to predict growth of craniofacial form.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n1991;\n99:107\u2013121."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"47","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in normal craniofacial growth","volume":"63","author":"Ursi","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ursi\n WJ,\n \n \n Trotman\n CA,\n \n \n McNamara\n JA,\n Jr.,\n \n \n Behrents\n RG.\n \n \n Sexual dimorphism in normal craniofacial growth.\nAngle Orthod.\n1993;\n63:47\u201356."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"57","article-title":"New norms for the mesh diagram analysis","volume":"69","author":"Moorrees","year":"1976","unstructured":"Moorrees\n CF,\n \n \n uan Venrooij\n ME,\n \n \n Lebret\n LM,\n \n \n Glatky\n CG,\n \n \n Kent\n RL,\n \n \n Reed\n RB.\n \n \n New norms for the mesh diagram analysis.\nAm J Orthod.\n1976;\n69:57\u201371."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"249","article-title":"A cephalometric template: Its construction and clinical significance","volume":"49","author":"Harris","year":"1963","unstructured":"Harris\n JE,\n \n \n Johnston\n L,\n \n \n Moyers\n RE.\n \n \n A cephalometric template: Its construction and clinical significance.\nAm J Orthod.\n1963;\n49:249\u2013263."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"14","article-title":"Planning treatment on the basis of the facial pattern and an estimate of its growth","volume":"27","author":"Ricketts","year":"1957","unstructured":"Ricketts\n RM.\n \n \n Planning treatment on the basis of the facial pattern and an estimate of its growth.\nAngle Orthod.\n1957;\n27:14\u201337."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"264","article-title":"A proposed multivariate model for prediction of facial growth","volume":"75","author":"Bhatia","year":"1979","unstructured":"Bhatia\n SN,\n \n \n Wright\n GW,\n \n \n Leighton\n BC.\n \n \n A proposed multivariate model for prediction of facial growth.\nAm J Orthod.\n1979;\n75:264\u2013281."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"322","article-title":"A better statistical method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients","volume":"84","author":"Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee\n HJ,\n \n \n Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n YS,\n \n et al.\n \n A better statistical method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients.\nAngle Orthod.\n2014;\n84:322\u2013328."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b22","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"724","article-title":"A more accurate soft-tissue prediction model for Class III 2-jaw surgeries","volume":"146","author":"Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee\n YS,\n \n \n Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE.\n \n \n A more accurate soft-tissue prediction model for Class III 2-jaw surgeries.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2014;\n146:724\u2013733."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"910","article-title":"Predicting soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgery: the sparse partial least squares method","volume":"89","author":"Suh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n HJ,\n \n \n Lee\n YS,\n \n \n Eo\n SH,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Predicting soft tissue changes after orthognathic surgery: the sparse partial least squares method.\nAngle Orthod.\n2019;\n89:910\u2013916."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b24","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"e553","article-title":"A more accurate method of predicting soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery","volume":"70","author":"Suh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Suh\n HY,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n Lee\n YS,\n \n et al.\n \n A more accurate method of predicting soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery.\nJ Oral Maxillofac Surg.\n2012;\n70:e553\u2013562."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"597","article-title":"Testing a better method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients: a prospective study and validity assessment","volume":"85","author":"Yoon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoon\n KS,\n \n \n Lee\n HJ,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE.\n \n \n Testing a better method of predicting postsurgery soft tissue response in Class II patients: a prospective study and validity assessment.\nAngle Orthod.\n2015;\n85:597\u2013603."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b26","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"329","article-title":"Evaluation of automated cephalometric analysis based on the latest deep learning method","volume":"91","author":"Hwang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Kim\n MG,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Evaluation of automated cephalometric analysis based on the latest deep learning method.\nAngle Orthod.\n2021;\n91:329\u2013335."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b27","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"69","article-title":"Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 2- Might it be better than human","volume":"90","author":"Hwang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Moon\n JH,\n \n et al.\n \n Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 2- Might it be better than human? Angle Orthod.\n2020;\n90:69\u201376."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b28","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"226","article-title":"Evaluation of an automated superimposition method based on multiple landmarks for growing patients","volume":"92","author":"Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim\n MG,\n \n \n Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Cho\n SJ,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Evaluation of an automated superimposition method based on multiple landmarks for growing patients.\nAngle Orthod.\n2022;\n92:226\u2013232."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b29","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"390","article-title":"Evaluation of an automated superimposition method for computer-aided cephalometrics","volume":"90","author":"Moon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n Evaluation of an automated superimposition method for computer-aided cephalometrics.\nAngle Orthod.\n2020;\n90:390\u2013396."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b30","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"823","article-title":"How much deep learning is enough for automatic identification to be reliable","volume":"90","author":"Moon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moon\n JH,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Yu\n Y,\n \n \n Kim\n MG,\n \n \n Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n How much deep learning is enough for automatic identification to be reliable? Angle Orthod.\n2020;\n90:823\u2013830."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b31","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"903","article-title":"Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 1-Comparisons between the latest deep-learning methods YOLOV3 and SSD","volume":"89","author":"Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park\n JH,\n \n \n Hwang\n HW,\n \n \n Moon\n JH,\n \n et al.\n \n Automated identification of cephalometric landmarks: Part 1-Comparisons between the latest deep-learning methods YOLOV3 and SSD.\nAngle Orthod.\n2019;\n89:903\u2013909."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b32","series-title":"Proc Conf AAAI Artif Intell","first-page":"6679","article-title":"Tabnet: attentive interpretable tabular learning","volume":"35","author":"Arik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Arik\n S\u00d6,\n \n \n Pfister\n T.\n \n \n Tabnet: attentive interpretable tabular learning.\nProc Conf AAAI Artif Intell.\n2021;\n35:6679\u20136687."},{"key":"i1945-7103-94-2-207-b33","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"272","article-title":"How to test validity in orthodontic research: a mixed dentition analysis example","volume":"147","author":"Donatelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Donatelli\n RE,\n \n \n Lee\n SJ.\n \n \n How to test validity in orthodontic research: a mixed dentition analysis example.\nAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n2015;\n147:272\u2013279."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/94\/2\/article-p207.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/94\/2\/207\/3333113\/i1945-7103-94-2-207.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/94\/2\/article-p207.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/94\/2\/article-p207.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:22:35Z","timestamp":1780064555000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/94\/2\/article-p207.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/031723-181.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7103","0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}}}