{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T15:39:34Z","timestamp":1788190774494,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the influence of a midline diastema on dentofacial esthetic perceptions of orthodontists, restorative dental specialists or prosthodontists, and laypersons in a frontal facial evaluation performed by means of video.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two individuals aged between 20 and 25 years, one of each gender, with presence of a midline diastema were selected. An acrylic resin mockup was made of the maxillary anterior region, simulating ideal conditions of smile esthetics. Four standardized frontal view videos of the complete face were filmed of each individual in the following situations: with the ideal smile (unchanged mockup) and with the presence of midline diastemas of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mm created by the mockup. In all videos, the patient said a certain sentence and, at the end, simulated a posed smile. Dentofacial esthetic perceptions of all four videos of each individual were evaluated by 51 orthodontists, 51 restorative dental specialists or prosthodontists, and 51 laypersons by means of visual analog scales. Data were evaluated using analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test, with the level of significance set at 5%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most attractive videos for all groups of examiners were those without diastema and with a diastema of 0.5 mm, for both the woman and the man. For a diastema of 1 mm or 1.5 mm, the dentofacial characteristics were considered unesthetic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diastemas equal to or greater than 1 mm negatively influence dentofacial esthetics in a frontal facial evaluation performed by means of video.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/032020-200.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T14:02:01Z","timestamp":1604498521000},"page":"54-60","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Does the presence of maxillary midline diastema influence the perception of dentofacial esthetics in video analysis?"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Priscila Rios Bomfim","family":"Chaves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Melo","family":"Karam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre Wilson","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"424","article-title":"Malocclusion: esthetic impact and quality of life among Brazilian schoolchildren","volume":"129","author":"Marques","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marques\n              LS,\n            \n            \n              Ramos-Jorge\n              ML,\n            \n            \n              Paiva\n              SM,\n            \n            \n              Pordeus\n              IA.\n            \n          \n          Malocclusion: esthetic impact and quality of life among Brazilian schoolchildren.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t129:\n\t\t\t\t\t424\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t442."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b02","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"136","article-title":"10 commandments of smile esthetics","volume":"19","author":"Machado","year":"2014","unstructured":"Machado\n              AW.\n            \n          \n          10 commandments of smile esthetics.\n\t\t\t\t\tDental Press J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t19:\n\t\t\t\t\t136\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t157."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b03","series-title":"Indian J Dent Res","first-page":"295","article-title":"Perception of smile esthetics among Indian dental professionals and laypersons","volume":"23","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kumar\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Gandhi\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Valiathan\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Perception of smile esthetics among Indian dental professionals and laypersons.\n\t\t\t\t\tIndian J Dent Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t23:\n\t\t\t\t\t295."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"141","article-title":"Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations","volume":"130","author":"Kokich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kokich\n              VO,\n            \n            \n              Kokich\n              VG,\n            \n            \n              Kiyak\n              HA.\n            \n          \n          Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t130:\n\t\t\t\t\t141\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t151."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"450","article-title":"Perceptions of Jordanian laypersons and dental professionals to altered smile aesthetics","volume":"33","author":"Alhaija","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alhaija\n              ESA,\n            \n            \n              Al-Shamsi\n              NO,\n            \n            \n              Al-Khateeb\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Perceptions of Jordanian laypersons and dental professionals to altered smile aesthetics.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t33:\n\t\t\t\t\t450\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t456."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b06","series-title":"Int Orthod","first-page":"684","article-title":"Comparison of the influence of dental and facial aesthetics in determining overall attractiveness","volume":"16","author":"Prasad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prasad\n              KN,\n            \n            \n              Sabrish\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Mathew\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Shivamurthy\n              PG,\n            \n            \n              Pattabiraman\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Sagarkar\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of the influence of dental and facial aesthetics in determining overall attractiveness.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t16:\n\t\t\t\t\t684\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t697."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b07","series-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract","first-page":"1322","article-title":"Dentogingival alterations and their influence on facial and smile attractiveness","volume":"19","author":"Malheiros","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malheiros\n              AS,\n            \n            \n              Brito\n              AC,\n            \n            \n              Gurgel\n              JDA,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Dentogingival alterations and their influence on facial and smile attractiveness.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Contemp Dent Pract.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t19:\n\t\t\t\t\t1322\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"634","article-title":"The perception of smile","volume":"79","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rodrigues\n              CDT,\n            \n            \n              Magnani\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Machado\n              MSC,\n            \n            \n              Oliveira\n              OB.\n            \n          \n          The perception of smile.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t79:\n\t\t\t\t\t634\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t639."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b09","series-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent","first-page":"415","article-title":"Perception of facial, dental, and smile esthetics by dental students","volume":"30","author":"Alhammadi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alhammadi\n              MS,\n            \n            \n              Halboub\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Al-Mashraqi\n              AA,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Perception of facial, dental, and smile esthetics by dental students.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Esthet Restor Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t30:\n\t\t\t\t\t415\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t426."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b10","series-title":"Indian J Dent Res","first-page":"242","article-title":"Perception differences of altered dental esthetics by dental professionals and laypersons","volume":"22","author":"Thomas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thomas\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Reddy\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Reddy\n              BJ.\n            \n          \n          Perception differences of altered dental esthetics by dental professionals and laypersons.\n\t\t\t\t\tIndian J Dent Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t22:\n\t\t\t\t\t242\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t247."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b11","series-title":"Int J Oral Sci","first-page":"49","article-title":"Analysis of dynamic smile and upper lip curvature in young Chinese","volume":"5","author":"Ling-Zhi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ling-Zhi\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Wen-Jie\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Yan-Ling\n              Z,\n            \n            \n              Kwok-Hung\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Analysis of dynamic smile and upper lip curvature in young Chinese.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Oral Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t5:\n\t\t\t\t\t49\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t53."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b12","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"151","article-title":"Capture, analysis and measurement of images of speech and smile dynamics","volume":"17","author":"Consendey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Consendey\n              VL,\n            \n            \n              Drummond\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Capelli\n              J\n              Jr.\n            \n          \n          Capture, analysis and measurement of images of speech and smile dynamics.\n\t\t\t\t\tDental Press J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t17:\n\t\t\t\t\t151\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t156."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"775","article-title":"Does the presence of maxillary central incisor edge asymmetry influence the perception of dentofacial esthetics in video analysis?","volume":"89","author":"Sobral","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sobral\n              MC,\n            \n            \n              Cruso\u00e9-Rebello\n              IM,\n            \n            \n              Machado\n              AW.\n            \n          \n          Does the presence of maxillary central incisor edge asymmetry influence the perception of dentofacial esthetics in video analysis?\n          \n            Angle Orthod\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t89:\n\t\t\t\t\t775\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t780."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"658","article-title":"Influence of maxillary incisor edge asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons","volume":"143","author":"Machado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Machado\n              AW,\n            \n            \n              Moon\n              W,\n            \n            \n              Gandini\n              LG\n              Jr.\n            \n          \n          Influence of maxillary incisor edge asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t143:\n\t\t\t\t\t658\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t664."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b15","series-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent","first-page":"392","article-title":"Influence of the vertical position of maxillary central incisors on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons","volume":"25","author":"Machado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Machado\n              AW,\n            \n            \n              McComb\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Moon\n              W,\n            \n            \n              Gandini\n              LG\n              Jr.\n            \n          \n          Influence of the vertical position of maxillary central incisors on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Esthet Restor Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t25:\n\t\t\t\t\t392\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t401."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"55","article-title":"Influence of maxillary canine gingival margin asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons","volume":"145","author":"Correa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Correa\n              BD,\n            \n            \n              Bittencourt\n              MAV,\n            \n            \n              Machado\n              AW.\n            \n          \n          Influence of maxillary canine gingival margin asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t145:\n\t\t\t\t\t55\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t63."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b17","series-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent","first-page":"291","article-title":"Does the presence of unilateral maxillary incisor edge asymmetries influence the perception of smile esthetics?","volume":"29","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ribeiro\n              JB,\n            \n            \n              Figueiredo\n              BA,\n            \n            \n              Machado\n              AW.\n            \n          \n          Does the presence of unilateral maxillary incisor edge asymmetries influence the perception of smile esthetics?\n          \n            J Esthet Restor Dent\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t29:\n\t\t\t\t\t291\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t297."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b18","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"37","article-title":"An evaluation of the influence of gingival display level in the smile esthetics","volume":"16","author":"Suzuki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Suzuki\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Machado\n              AW,\n            \n            \n              Bittencourt\n              MAV.\n            \n          \n          An evaluation of the influence of gingival display level in the smile esthetics.\n\t\t\t\t\tDental Press J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t16:\n\t\t\t\t\t37\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t39."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"515","article-title":"Characterization of posed smile by using visual analog scale, smile arc, buccal corridor measures, and modified smile index","volume":"133","author":"Krishnan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krishnan\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Daniel\n              ST,\n            \n            \n              Lazar\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Asok\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Characterization of posed smile by using visual analog scale, smile arc, buccal corridor measures, and modified smile index.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t133:\n\t\t\t\t\t515\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t523."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b20","series-title":"J World Fed Orthod","first-page":"108","article-title":"Influence of maxillary incisor level of exposure on the perception of dentofacial aesthetics among orthodontists and laypersons","volume":"4","author":"Caramello","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caramello\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Bittencourt\n              MAV,\n            \n            \n              Machado\n              AW.\n            \n          \n          Influence of maxillary incisor level of exposure on the perception of dentofacial aesthetics among orthodontists and laypersons.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ World Fed Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t4:\n\t\t\t\t\t108\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t113."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b21","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"95","article-title":"Do different vertical positions of maxillary central incisors influence smile esthetics perception?","volume":"22","author":"Menezes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Menezes\n              EBC,\n            \n            \n              Bittencourt\n              MAV,\n            \n            \n              Machado\n              AW.\n            \n          \n          Do different vertical positions of maxillary central incisors influence smile esthetics perception?\n          \n            Dental Press J Orthod\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t22:\n\t\t\t\t\t95\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t105."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b22","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"914","article-title":"Laypersons' esthetic perception of various computer-generated diastemas: a pilot study","volume":"112","author":"Noureddine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Noureddine\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Chabouis\n              HF,\n            \n            \n              Parenton\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Laserre\n              JF.\n            \n          \n          Laypersons' esthetic perception of various computer-generated diastemas: a pilot study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Prosthet Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t112:\n\t\t\t\t\t914\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t920."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"307","article-title":"Dynamic smile analysis in young adults","volume":"132","author":"Maulik","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maulik\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Nanda\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Dynamic smile analysis in young adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t132:\n\t\t\t\t\t307\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t315."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b24","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"145","article-title":"Influence of buccal corridor dimension on smile esthetics","volume":"17","author":"Nascimento","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nascimento\n              DC,\n            \n            \n              Santos\n              ER,\n            \n            \n              Machado\n              AW,\n            \n            \n              Bittencourt\n              MAV.\n            \n          \n          Influence of buccal corridor dimension on smile esthetics.\n\t\t\t\t\tDental Press J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t17:\n\t\t\t\t\t145\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t150."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"55","article-title":"Esthetic effect of orthodontic appliances on a smiling face with and without a missing maxillary first premolar","volume":"155","author":"Berto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Berto\n              PM,\n            \n            \n              Lima\n              CS,\n            \n            \n              Lenza\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Faber\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Esthetic effect of orthodontic appliances on a smiling face with and without a missing maxillary first premolar.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t155:\n\t\t\t\t\t55\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t60."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b26","series-title":"Afr Health","first-page":"226","article-title":"Prevalence of artificially created maxillary midline diastema and its complications in a selected Nigerian population","volume":"15","author":"Umanah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Umanah\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Omogbai\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Osagbemiro\n              B.\n            \n          \n          Prevalence of artificially created maxillary midline diastema and its complications in a selected Nigerian population.\n\t\t\t\t\tAfr Health.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t15:\n\t\t\t\t\t226\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t232."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b27","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"98","article-title":"Change in frequency of the maxillary midline diastema appearing in photographs of Caucasian females in two fashion magazines from 2003 to 2012","volume":"41","author":"Lewis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lewis\n              KC,\n            \n            \n              Sherriff\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Denize\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Change in frequency of the maxillary midline diastema appearing in photographs of Caucasian females in two fashion magazines from 2003 to 2012.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t41:\n\t\t\t\t\t98\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t101."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"424","article-title":"Malocclusion: esthetic impact and quality of life among Brazilian schoolchildren","volume":"129","author":"Marques","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marques\n              LS,\n            \n            \n              Ramos-Jorge\n              ML,\n            \n            \n              Paiva\n              SM,\n            \n            \n              Pordeus\n              IA.\n            \n          \n          Malocclusion: esthetic impact and quality of life among Brazilian schoolchildren.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t129:\n\t\t\t\t\t424\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t442."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b02","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"136","article-title":"10 commandments of smile esthetics","volume":"19","author":"Machado","year":"2014","unstructured":"Machado\n              AW.\n            \n          \n          10 commandments of smile esthetics.\n\t\t\t\t\tDental Press J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t19:\n\t\t\t\t\t136\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t157."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b03","series-title":"Indian J Dent Res","first-page":"295","article-title":"Perception of smile esthetics among Indian dental professionals and laypersons","volume":"23","author":"Kumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kumar\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Gandhi\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Valiathan\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Perception of smile esthetics among Indian dental professionals and laypersons.\n\t\t\t\t\tIndian J Dent Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t23:\n\t\t\t\t\t295."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"141","article-title":"Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations","volume":"130","author":"Kokich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kokich\n              VO,\n            \n            \n              Kokich\n              VG,\n            \n            \n              Kiyak\n              HA.\n            \n          \n          Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t130:\n\t\t\t\t\t141\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t151."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b05","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"450","article-title":"Perceptions of Jordanian laypersons and dental professionals to altered smile aesthetics","volume":"33","author":"Alhaija","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alhaija\n              ESA,\n            \n            \n              Al-Shamsi\n              NO,\n            \n            \n              Al-Khateeb\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Perceptions of Jordanian laypersons and dental professionals to altered smile aesthetics.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t33:\n\t\t\t\t\t450\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t456."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b06","series-title":"Int Orthod","first-page":"684","article-title":"Comparison of the influence of dental and facial aesthetics in determining overall attractiveness","volume":"16","author":"Prasad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prasad\n              KN,\n            \n            \n              Sabrish\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Mathew\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Shivamurthy\n              PG,\n            \n            \n              Pattabiraman\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Sagarkar\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Comparison of the influence of dental and facial aesthetics in determining overall attractiveness.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t16:\n\t\t\t\t\t684\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t697."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b07","series-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract","first-page":"1322","article-title":"Dentogingival alterations and their influence on facial and smile attractiveness","volume":"19","author":"Malheiros","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malheiros\n              AS,\n            \n            \n              Brito\n              AC,\n            \n            \n              Gurgel\n              JDA,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Dentogingival alterations and their influence on facial and smile attractiveness.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Contemp Dent Pract.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t19:\n\t\t\t\t\t1322\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t1328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"634","article-title":"The perception of smile","volume":"79","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rodrigues\n              CDT,\n            \n            \n              Magnani\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Machado\n              MSC,\n            \n            \n              Oliveira\n              OB.\n            \n          \n          The perception of smile.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t79:\n\t\t\t\t\t634\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t639."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b09","series-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent","first-page":"415","article-title":"Perception of facial, dental, and smile esthetics by dental students","volume":"30","author":"Alhammadi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alhammadi\n              MS,\n            \n            \n              Halboub\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Al-Mashraqi\n              AA,\n            \n            et al.\n\t\t\t\t\t\n          Perception of facial, dental, and smile esthetics by dental students.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Esthet Restor Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2018;\n\t\t\t\t\t30:\n\t\t\t\t\t415\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t426."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b10","series-title":"Indian J Dent Res","first-page":"242","article-title":"Perception differences of altered dental esthetics by dental professionals and laypersons","volume":"22","author":"Thomas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Thomas\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Reddy\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Reddy\n              BJ.\n            \n          \n          Perception differences of altered dental esthetics by dental professionals and laypersons.\n\t\t\t\t\tIndian J Dent Res.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t22:\n\t\t\t\t\t242\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t247."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b11","series-title":"Int J Oral Sci","first-page":"49","article-title":"Analysis of dynamic smile and upper lip curvature in young Chinese","volume":"5","author":"Ling-Zhi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ling-Zhi\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Wen-Jie\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Yan-Ling\n              Z,\n            \n            \n              Kwok-Hung\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Analysis of dynamic smile and upper lip curvature in young Chinese.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Oral Sci.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t5:\n\t\t\t\t\t49\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t53."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b12","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"151","article-title":"Capture, analysis and measurement of images of speech and smile dynamics","volume":"17","author":"Consendey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Consendey\n              VL,\n            \n            \n              Drummond\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Capelli\n              J\n              Jr.\n            \n          \n          Capture, analysis and measurement of images of speech and smile dynamics.\n\t\t\t\t\tDental Press J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t17:\n\t\t\t\t\t151\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t156."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"775","article-title":"Does the presence of maxillary central incisor edge asymmetry influence the perception of dentofacial esthetics in video analysis?","volume":"89","author":"Sobral","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sobral\n              MC,\n            \n            \n              Cruso\u00e9-Rebello\n              IM,\n            \n            \n              Machado\n              AW.\n            \n          \n          Does the presence of maxillary central incisor edge asymmetry influence the perception of dentofacial esthetics in video analysis?\n          \n            Angle Orthod\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t89:\n\t\t\t\t\t775\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t780."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"658","article-title":"Influence of maxillary incisor edge asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons","volume":"143","author":"Machado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Machado\n              AW,\n            \n            \n              Moon\n              W,\n            \n            \n              Gandini\n              LG\n              Jr.\n            \n          \n          Influence of maxillary incisor edge asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t143:\n\t\t\t\t\t658\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t664."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b15","series-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent","first-page":"392","article-title":"Influence of the vertical position of maxillary central incisors on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons","volume":"25","author":"Machado","year":"2013","unstructured":"Machado\n              AW,\n            \n            \n              McComb\n              R,\n            \n            \n              Moon\n              W,\n            \n            \n              Gandini\n              LG\n              Jr.\n            \n          \n          Influence of the vertical position of maxillary central incisors on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Esthet Restor Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t25:\n\t\t\t\t\t392\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t401."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"55","article-title":"Influence of maxillary canine gingival margin asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons","volume":"145","author":"Correa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Correa\n              BD,\n            \n            \n              Bittencourt\n              MAV,\n            \n            \n              Machado\n              AW.\n            \n          \n          Influence of maxillary canine gingival margin asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics among orthodontists and laypersons.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t145:\n\t\t\t\t\t55\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t63."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b17","series-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent","first-page":"291","article-title":"Does the presence of unilateral maxillary incisor edge asymmetries influence the perception of smile esthetics?","volume":"29","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ribeiro\n              JB,\n            \n            \n              Figueiredo\n              BA,\n            \n            \n              Machado\n              AW.\n            \n          \n          Does the presence of unilateral maxillary incisor edge asymmetries influence the perception of smile esthetics?\n          \n            J Esthet Restor Dent\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t29:\n\t\t\t\t\t291\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t297."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b18","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"37","article-title":"An evaluation of the influence of gingival display level in the smile esthetics","volume":"16","author":"Suzuki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Suzuki\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Machado\n              AW,\n            \n            \n              Bittencourt\n              MAV.\n            \n          \n          An evaluation of the influence of gingival display level in the smile esthetics.\n\t\t\t\t\tDental Press J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t16:\n\t\t\t\t\t37\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t39."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"515","article-title":"Characterization of posed smile by using visual analog scale, smile arc, buccal corridor measures, and modified smile index","volume":"133","author":"Krishnan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krishnan\n              V,\n            \n            \n              Daniel\n              ST,\n            \n            \n              Lazar\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Asok\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Characterization of posed smile by using visual analog scale, smile arc, buccal corridor measures, and modified smile index.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t133:\n\t\t\t\t\t515\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t523."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b20","series-title":"J World Fed Orthod","first-page":"108","article-title":"Influence of maxillary incisor level of exposure on the perception of dentofacial aesthetics among orthodontists and laypersons","volume":"4","author":"Caramello","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caramello\n              F,\n            \n            \n              Bittencourt\n              MAV,\n            \n            \n              Machado\n              AW.\n            \n          \n          Influence of maxillary incisor level of exposure on the perception of dentofacial aesthetics among orthodontists and laypersons.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ World Fed Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t4:\n\t\t\t\t\t108\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t113."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b21","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"95","article-title":"Do different vertical positions of maxillary central incisors influence smile esthetics perception?","volume":"22","author":"Menezes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Menezes\n              EBC,\n            \n            \n              Bittencourt\n              MAV,\n            \n            \n              Machado\n              AW.\n            \n          \n          Do different vertical positions of maxillary central incisors influence smile esthetics perception?\n          \n            Dental Press J Orthod\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t22:\n\t\t\t\t\t95\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t105."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b22","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"914","article-title":"Laypersons' esthetic perception of various computer-generated diastemas: a pilot study","volume":"112","author":"Noureddine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Noureddine\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Chabouis\n              HF,\n            \n            \n              Parenton\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Laserre\n              JF.\n            \n          \n          Laypersons' esthetic perception of various computer-generated diastemas: a pilot study.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Prosthet Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t112:\n\t\t\t\t\t914\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t920."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"307","article-title":"Dynamic smile analysis in young adults","volume":"132","author":"Maulik","year":"2007","unstructured":"Maulik\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Nanda\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Dynamic smile analysis in young adults.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2007;\n\t\t\t\t\t132:\n\t\t\t\t\t307\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t315."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b24","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"145","article-title":"Influence of buccal corridor dimension on smile esthetics","volume":"17","author":"Nascimento","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nascimento\n              DC,\n            \n            \n              Santos\n              ER,\n            \n            \n              Machado\n              AW,\n            \n            \n              Bittencourt\n              MAV.\n            \n          \n          Influence of buccal corridor dimension on smile esthetics.\n\t\t\t\t\tDental Press J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t17:\n\t\t\t\t\t145\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t150."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b25","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"55","article-title":"Esthetic effect of orthodontic appliances on a smiling face with and without a missing maxillary first premolar","volume":"155","author":"Berto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Berto\n              PM,\n            \n            \n              Lima\n              CS,\n            \n            \n              Lenza\n              MA,\n            \n            \n              Faber\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Esthetic effect of orthodontic appliances on a smiling face with and without a missing maxillary first premolar.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2009;\n\t\t\t\t\t155:\n\t\t\t\t\t55\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t60."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b26","series-title":"Afr Health","first-page":"226","article-title":"Prevalence of artificially created maxillary midline diastema and its complications in a selected Nigerian population","volume":"15","author":"Umanah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Umanah\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Omogbai\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Osagbemiro\n              B.\n            \n          \n          Prevalence of artificially created maxillary midline diastema and its complications in a selected Nigerian population.\n\t\t\t\t\tAfr Health.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t15:\n\t\t\t\t\t226\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t232."},{"key":"i0003-3219-91-1-54-b27","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"98","article-title":"Change in frequency of the maxillary midline diastema appearing in photographs of Caucasian females in two fashion magazines from 2003 to 2012","volume":"41","author":"Lewis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lewis\n              KC,\n            \n            \n              Sherriff\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Denize\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Change in frequency of the maxillary midline diastema appearing in photographs of Caucasian females in two fashion magazines from 2003 to 2012.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2014;\n\t\t\t\t\t41:\n\t\t\t\t\t98\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t101."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/91\/1\/article-p54.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/91\/1\/54\/2685381\/i0003-3219-91-1-54.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/91\/1\/article-p54.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/91\/1\/article-p54.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T13:19:17Z","timestamp":1780060757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/91\/1\/article-p54.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/032020-200.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}}}