{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:04:49Z","timestamp":1780067089108,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the impact of living in a war zone on acceleration of skeletal maturation and development of permanent teeth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 272 Israeli children and adolescents aged 9\u201315 years participated in this study. The Gaza group included 106 participants from the Gaza envelope area (within 7 km of the Gaza Strip border), while the central group consisted of 166 participants from central Israel. Skeletal maturation and dental development were assessed using lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant differences were observed in all maturation variables, including skeletal maturation as well as maturation of the upper and lower second molars (right and left) and upper canines. The Gaza envelope group exhibited more advanced and accelerated maturation than the central group (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .0005). Positive correlations were identified among tooth maturation, chronological age, and skeletal development (0.519 &lt;\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.599). Linear regression analysis revealed that the maturation of the lower left second molar accounted for 47.8% of variance in skeletal maturation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we confirm that children living under the stress of a conflict zone exhibited earlier skeletal maturation and accelerated eruption of permanent second molars and upper canines than their peers. The early eruption of second molars and canines, particularly the lower left second molar, may serve as a predictive marker for pubertal progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/032225-231.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:51:50Z","timestamp":1770771110000},"page":"345-352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of conflict-induced stress on dental and skeletal development in children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Diva","family":"Lugassy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Researcher, Research and Innovation Department, Maccabi-Dent, Tel-Aviv, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thabet","family":"Asbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Researcher, Research and Innovation Department, Maccabi-Dent, Tel-Aviv, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Meinster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Researcher, Research and Innovation Department, Maccabi-Dent, Tel-Aviv, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamil A.","family":"Shibli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moshe","family":"Davidovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Researcher, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Shpack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Researcher, Research and Innovation Department, Maccabi-Dent, Tel-Aviv, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doron","family":"Haim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Researcher, Research and Innovation Department, Maccabi-Dent, Tel-Aviv, Israel."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-96-3-345-b01","series-title":"Trauma Violence and Abuse","first-page":"1387","article-title":"The long-term effects of living in a shared and continuous traumatic reality: the case of Israeli families on the border with Gaza","volume":"24","author":"Nuttman-Shwartz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nuttman-Shwartz O. The long-term effects of living in a shared and continuous traumatic reality: the case of Israeli families on the border with Gaza. Trauma Violence and Abuse. 2023;24(3):1387\u20131404."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-96-3-345-b02","series-title":"World J Pediat","first-page":"5","article-title":"Psychological impact of disasters on children; review of assessment and intervention","volume":"5","author":"Kar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kar N. Psychological impact of disasters on children; review of assessment and intervention. World J Pediat. 2009;5(1):5\u201311."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-96-3-345-b03","series-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev","first-page":"950","article-title":"Effects of war, terrorism and armed conflict on young children: a systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Slone","year":"2016","unstructured":"Slone M,\nMann S. Effects of war, terrorism and armed conflict on young children: a systematic review. 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J Traumatic Stress. 2015;28(5):441\u2013447."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-96-3-345-b06","series-title":"J Peace Psychol","first-page":"125","article-title":"Relational trauma in times of political violence: continuous versus past traumatic stress","volume":"19","author":"Horenczyk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Horenczyk RP,\nZiv Y,\nAsulin-Peretz L,\nAchituv M,\nCohen S,\nBrom D. Relational trauma in times of political violence: continuous versus past traumatic stress. J Peace Psychol. 2013;19(2):125\u2013137."},{"key":"i1945-7103-96-3-345-b07","series-title":"EClinicalMedicine","first-page":"102418","article-title":"PTSD, depression, and anxiety after the October 7, 2023 attack in Israel: a nationwide prospective study","volume":"68","author":"Levi-Belz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Levi-Belz Y,\nGroweiss Y,\nBlank C,\nNeria Y. PTSD, depression, and anxiety after the October 7, 2023 attack in Israel: a nationwide prospective study. EClinicalMedicine. 2024;68:102418."},{"key":"i1945-7103-96-3-345-b08","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics","first-page":"72","article-title":"Early stages of development","author":"Proffit","year":"2007","unstructured":"Proffit WR. Early stages of development. In: Contemporary Orthodontics, 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Inc.; 2007:72\u2013106."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-96-3-345-b09","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"573","article-title":"Prediction of tooth eruption","volume":"41","author":"Gron","year":"1962","unstructured":"Gron AM. Prediction of tooth eruption. J Dent Res. 1962;41(3):573\u2013585."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-96-3-345-b10","series-title":"J Oral Pathol Med","first-page":"89","article-title":"Development of the dentition in cleidocranial dysplasia","volume":"19","author":"Jensen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jensen BL,\nKreiborg S. Development of the dentition in cleidocranial dysplasia. 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Br Med J. 1957;1(5034):1511\u20131513."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-96-3-345-b17","series-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med","first-page":"323","article-title":"Cellular, molecular and genetic determinants of tooth eruption","volume":"13","author":"Wise","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wise GE,\nFrazier-Bowers SR,\nD\u2019Souza RN. Cellular, molecular and genetic determinants of tooth eruption. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13(4):323\u2013334."},{"key":"i1945-7103-96-3-345-b18","series-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"18","article-title":"Stress and hormones","volume":"15","author":"Ranabir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ranabir S,\nReetu K. Stress and hormones. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011;15:18\u201322."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-96-3-345-b19","series-title":"Int J Med Invest","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hormonal factors affecting teeth development","volume":"9","author":"Tabakcilar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tabakcilar D,\nYilmaz DO,\nSeymen F,\nGencay K. Hormonal factors affecting teeth development. Int J Med Invest. 2021;9(4):1\u201312."},{"issue":"15","key":"i1945-7103-96-3-345-b20","series-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","first-page":"6031","article-title":"Growth hormone is produced within the hippocampus where it responds to age, sex, and stress","volume":"103","author":"Donahue","year":"2006","unstructured":"Donahue CP,\nKosik KS,\nShors TJ. Growth hormone is produced within the hippocampus where it responds to age, sex, and stress. 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Hum Biol. 1973;45(2):211\u2013227."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-96-3-345-b26","series-title":"Seminars Orthodont","first-page":"119","article-title":"The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) methods for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics","volume":"11","author":"Baccetti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baccetti T,\nFranchi L,\nMcnamara JA Jr. The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) methods for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics. Seminars Orthodont. 2005;11(3):119\u2013129."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-96-3-345-b27","series-title":"Future Child","first-page":"41","article-title":"Stress and child development","volume":"24","author":"Thompson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thompson RA. Stress and child development. 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Am J Phys Anthropol. 1983;62(2):177\u2013186."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-96-3-345-b15","series-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol","first-page":"179","article-title":"Effect of early childhood malnutrition on tooth eruption in Haitian adolescents","volume":"36","author":"Psoter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Psoter W,\nGebrian B,\nProphete S,\nReid B,\nKatz R. Effect of early childhood malnutrition on tooth eruption in Haitian adolescents. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2008;36(2):179\u2013189."},{"issue":"5034","key":"i1945-7103-96-3-345-b16","series-title":"Br Med J","first-page":"1511","article-title":"Time of eruption of permanent teeth in British children at independent, rural, and urban schools","volume":"1","author":"Clements","year":"1957","unstructured":"Clements EM,\nDavies-Thomas E,\nPickett EK. Time of eruption of permanent teeth in British children at independent, rural, and urban schools. 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