{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:06:55Z","timestamp":1780067215160,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the prevalence and magnitude of labial gingival recession (LGR) before and after as well as the incidence during Class II:1 Herbst-Multibracket appliance (Herbst-MBA) treatment (Tx) plus retention in a retrospective cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Records of Class II:1 patients who completed Herbst-MBA Tx (mean pre-Tx age 14.4 years) at Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany were analyzed. Tx consisted of a Herbst phase (mean 8.1 months) and a subsequent MBA phase (mean 16.1 months). Study casts from before and after Herbst-MBA Tx plus \u226524 months of retention were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 460 pre-Tx and 222 postretention study casts were available (total observation period: 59.2 \u00b1 14.8 months). The overall prevalence for teeth with LGR \u22650.5 mm was 1.1% pre-Tx and 5.3% postretention. The highest prevalence of up to 5.3% (pre-Tx) and 16.4% (postretention) were seen for the lower incisors. Overall, the median magnitude of LGR was 0.0 mm pre-Tx\/postretention (mean: 0.05 mm\/0.08 mm). Incidence values of 4.0% (all teeth) and 10.0% to 11.4% (lower central incisors) were calculated for LGR \u22650.5 mm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of LGR \u22650.5 mm increased from, on average, 1.1% to 5.3% during \u22486 years of Herbst-MBA Tx plus retention. The highest incidence was seen in lower incisors (10.0%\u201311.4%). However, because of the overall mean magnitude of 0.08 mm postretention, the clinical relevance can be considered as insignificant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/032918-239.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T07:56:11Z","timestamp":1549353371000},"page":"535-543","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prevalence, magnitude, and incidence of labial gingival recession with Herbst-multibracket appliance treatment: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Niko C.","family":"Bock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Ruehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Ruf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-535-b01","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"660","article-title":"Tissue changes resulting from facial tipping and extrusion of incisors in monkeys","volume":"45","author":"Batenhorst \n              KF,","year":"1974","unstructured":"Batenhorst \n              KF, \n            \n            \n              Bowers \n              GM, \n            \n            \n              Williams \n              JE\n              Jr. \n            \n          \n          Tissue changes resulting from facial tipping and extrusion of incisors in monkeys. J Periodontol. 1974;45:660\u2013668."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-535-b02","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"314","article-title":"Changes of the marginal periodontium as a result of labial tooth movement in monkeys","volume":"52","author":"Steiner \n              GG,","year":"1981","unstructured":"Steiner \n              GG, \n            \n            \n              Pearson \n              JK, \n            \n            \n              Ainamo \n              J. \n            \n          \n          Changes of the marginal periodontium as a result of labial tooth movement in monkeys. 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A study in adults with surgically treated mandibular prognathism","volume":"91","author":"\u00c5rtun \n              J,","year":"1987","unstructured":"\u00c5rtun \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Krogstad \n              O. \n            \n          \n          Periodontal status of mandibular incisors following excessive proclination. A study in adults with surgically treated mandibular prognathism. 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A cephalometric investigation","volume":"82","author":"Pancherz \n              H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Pancherz \n              H. \n            \n          \n          The mechanism of class II correction in Herbst appliance treatment. A cephalometric investigation. Am J Orthod. 1982;82:104\u2013113."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-535-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"100","article-title":"Does orthodontic proclination of lower incisors in children and adolescents cause gingival recession?","volume":"114","author":"Ruf \n              S,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ruf \n              S, \n            \n            \n              Hansen \n              K, \n            \n            \n              Pancherz \n              H. \n            \n          \n          Does orthodontic proclination of lower incisors in children and adolescents cause gingival recession?\n          Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;114:100\u2013106."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-535-b12","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"95","article-title":"Changes in alveolar bone support induced by the Herbst appliance: a tomographic evaluation","volume":"21","author":"Schwartz \n              JP,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schwartz \n              JP, \n            \n            \n              Raveli \n              TB, \n            \n            \n              Schwartz-Filho \n              HO, \n            \n            \n              Raveli \n              DB. \n            \n          \n          Changes in alveolar bone support induced by the Herbst appliance: a tomographic evaluation. Dental Press J Orthod. 2016;21:95\u2013101."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-535-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"462","article-title":"Anchorage loss due to Herbst mechanics-preventable through miniscrews?","volume":"37","author":"von Bremen \n              J,","year":"2015","unstructured":"von Bremen \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Ludwig \n              B, \n            \n            \n              Ruf \n              S. \n            \n          \n          Anchorage loss due to Herbst mechanics-preventable through miniscrews?\n          Eur J Orthod. 2015;37:462\u2013466."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-535-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"310","article-title":"Mandibular incisor inclination, tooth irregularity, and gingival recessions after Herbst therapy: a 32-year follow-up study","volume":"146","author":"Pancherz \n              H,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pancherz \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Bjerklin \n              K. \n            \n          \n          Mandibular incisor inclination, tooth irregularity, and gingival recessions after Herbst therapy: a 32-year follow-up study. 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Wiesbaden, Germany: VS Verlag f\u00fcr Sozialwissenschaften, Springer Fachmedien;2010."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-535-b16","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"249","article-title":"Gingival recessions and the change of inclination of mandibular incisors during orthodontic treatment","volume":"35","author":"Renkema \n              AM,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Renkema \n              AM, \n            \n            \n              Fudalej \n              PS, \n            \n            \n              Renkema \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Bronkhorst \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Katsaros \n              C. \n            \n          \n          Gingival recessions and the change of inclination of mandibular incisors during orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2012;35:249\u2013255."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-535-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"206","article-title":"Development of labial gingival recessions in orthodontically treated patients","volume":"143","author":"Renkema \n              AM,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Renkema \n              AM, \n            \n            \n              Fudalej \n              PS, \n            \n            \n              Renkema \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Kiekens \n              R, \n            \n            \n              Katsaros \n              C. \n            \n          \n          Development of labial gingival recessions in orthodontically treated patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;143:206\u2013212."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-535-b18","series-title":"Comm Dent Oral Epidemiol","first-page":"283","article-title":"Gingival recession in schoolchildren at 7, 12 and 17 years of age in Espoo, Finland","volume":"14","author":"Ainamo \n              J,","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ainamo \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Paloheimo \n              L, \n            \n            \n              Nordblad \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Murtomaa \n              H. \n            \n          \n          Gingival recession in schoolchildren at 7, 12 and 17 years of age in Espoo, Finland. 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Eur J Orthod. 2018;40:176\u2013194."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-535-b04","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"912","article-title":"Effects of malocclusions and orthodontics on periodontal health: evidence from a systematic review","volume":"72","author":"Bollen \n              AM.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bollen \n              AM. \n            \n          \n          Effects of malocclusions and orthodontics on periodontal health: evidence from a systematic review. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008;72:912\u2013918."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-535-b05","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"631","article-title":"Gingival labial recessions in orthodontically treated and untreated individuals: a case-control study","volume":"40","author":"Renkema \n              AM,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Renkema \n              AM, \n            \n            \n              Fudalej \n              PS, \n            \n            \n              Renkema \n              AA, \n            \n            \n              Abbas \n              F, \n            \n            \n              Bronkhorst \n              E, \n            \n            \n              Katsaros \n              C. \n            \n          \n          Gingival labial recessions in orthodontically treated and untreated individuals: a case-control study. 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