{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:04:34Z","timestamp":1780070674663,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To evaluate the effects of orthodontic camouflage treatment (OCT), one-jaw surgery, and two-jaw surgery on the correction of lip line cant (LLC) and to examine factors affecting the correction of LLC in Class III craniofacial asymmetry patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    A sample of 30 Class III craniofacial asymmetry patients was divided into OCT (n = 10), one-jaw surgery (n = 10), and two-jaw surgery (n = 10) groups such that the pretreatment LLC was similar in each group. Pretreatment and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography scans were used to measure dental and skeletal parameters and LLC. Pretreatment and posttreatment measurements were compared within groups and between groups. Pearson's correlation tests and multiple regression analyses were performed to investigate factors affecting the amount and rate of LLC correction.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The average LLC correction was 1.00\u00b0 in the one-jaw surgery group, and in the two-jaw surgery group, it was 1.71\u00b0. In the OCT group it was \u22120.04\u00b0, which differed statistically significantly from the LLC correction in the other two groups. The amount and rate of LLC correction could be explained by settling of skeletal discrepancies or LLC at pretreatment with goodness of fit percentages of approximately 82% and 41%, respectively.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Orthognathic surgery resulted in significant correction of LLC in Class III craniofacial asymmetry patients, while OCT did not.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/033016-254.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]],"date-time":"2016-08-16T09:55:43Z","timestamp":1471341343000},"page":"239-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Lip line changes in Class III facial asymmetry patients after orthodontic camouflage treatment, one-jaw surgery, and two-jaw surgery: A preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Gung-Chol","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo-Kwang","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seong-Hun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheol-Hyun","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-239-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"23","article-title":"Assessing soft-tissue characteristics of facial asymmetry with photographs","volume":"138","author":"Lee \n              MS,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee \n              MS, \n            \n            \n              Chung \n              DH, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              JW, \n            \n            \n              Cha \n              KS. \n            \n          \n          Assessing soft-tissue characteristics of facial asymmetry with photographs. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:23\u201331."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-239-b02","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"153","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment planning of patients with asymmetries","volume":"4","author":"Burstone \n              CJ.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Burstone \n              CJ. \n            \n          \n          Diagnosis and treatment planning of patients with asymmetries. 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J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;68:1471\u20131479."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-239-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"564","article-title":"Change of lip-line cant after 1-jaw orthognathic surgery in patients with mandibular asymmetry","volume":"136","author":"Hwang \n              HS,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hwang \n              HS, \n            \n            \n              Min \n              YS, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              SC, \n            \n            \n              Sun \n              MK, \n            \n            \n              Lim \n              HS. \n            \n          \n          Change of lip-line cant after 1-jaw orthognathic surgery in patients with mandibular asymmetry. 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Angle Orthod. 2012;82:424\u2013431."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-239-b07","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"2498","article-title":"Measurement and interpretation of a maxillary occlusal cant in the frontal plane","volume":"66","author":"Susarla \n              SM,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Susarla \n              SM, \n            \n            \n              Dodson \n              TB, \n            \n            \n              Kaban \n              LB. \n            \n          \n          Measurement and interpretation of a maxillary occlusal cant in the frontal plane. 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Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2013;42:20120423."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-239-b13","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"105","article-title":"Accuracy and precision of integumental linear dimensions in a three-dimensional facial imaging system","volume":"45","author":"Kim \n              SH,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim \n              SH, \n            \n            \n              Jung \n              WY, \n            \n            \n              Seo \n              YJ, \n            \n            \n              Kim \n              KA, \n            \n            \n              Park \n              KH, \n            \n            \n              Park \n              YG. \n            \n          \n          Accuracy and precision of integumental linear dimensions in a three-dimensional facial imaging system. Korean J Orthod. 2015;45:105\u2013112."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-239-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"225","article-title":"Evaluation of facial hard and soft tissue asymmetry using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"149","author":"Nur \n              RB,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nur \n              RB, \n            \n            \n              \u00c7akan \n              DG, \n            \n            \n              Arun \n              T. \n            \n          \n          Evaluation of facial hard and soft tissue asymmetry using cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;149:225\u2013237."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-239-b15","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1161","article-title":"Morphologic evaluation and classification of facial asymmetry using 3-dimensional computed tomography","volume":"70","author":"Baek \n              C,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baek \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Paeng \n              JY, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              JS, \n            \n            \n              Hong \n              JR. \n            \n          \n          Morphologic evaluation and classification of facial asymmetry using 3-dimensional computed tomography. 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Angle Orthod. 2014;84:38\u201347."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-239-b19","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"45","article-title":"Evaluation and comparison of postero-anterior cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomography images for the detection of mandibular asymmetry","volume":"35","author":"Damstra \n              J,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Damstra \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Fourie \n              Z, \n            \n            \n              Ren \n              Y. \n            \n          \n          Evaluation and comparison of postero-anterior cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomography images for the detection of mandibular asymmetry. Eur J Orthod. 2013;35:45\u201350."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-239-b20","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"396","article-title":"Upper lip asymmetry in adults during smiling","volume":"59","author":"Benson \n              KJ,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Benson \n              KJ, \n            \n            \n              Laskin \n              DM. \n            \n          \n          Upper lip asymmetry in adults during smiling. 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J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70:1161\u20131169."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-239-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"279.e1","article-title":"Classification of facial asymmetry by cluster analysis","volume":"132","author":"Hwang \n              HS,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hwang \n              HS, \n            \n            \n              Youn \n              IS, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              KH, \n            \n            \n              Lim \n              HJ. \n            \n          \n          Classification of facial asymmetry by cluster analysis. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;132:278.e7\u2013e14."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-239-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"38","article-title":"Three-dimensional cone beam computed tomographic image reorientation using soft tissues as reference for facial asymmetry diagnosis","volume":"84","author":"Lee \n              JK,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee \n              JK, \n            \n            \n              Jung \n              PK, \n            \n            \n              Moon \n              CH. \n            \n          \n          Three-dimensional cone beam computed tomographic image reorientation using soft tissues as reference for facial asymmetry diagnosis. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:38\u201347."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-239-b19","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"45","article-title":"Evaluation and comparison of postero-anterior cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomography images for the detection of mandibular asymmetry","volume":"35","author":"Damstra \n              J,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Damstra \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Fourie \n              Z, \n            \n            \n              Ren \n              Y. \n            \n          \n          Evaluation and comparison of postero-anterior cephalograms and cone-beam computed tomography images for the detection of mandibular asymmetry. 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