{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T22:39:22Z","timestamp":1782167962329,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate smile in different age groups and to detect gender differences in smile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Digital videographic records of 241 randomly selected subjects were obtained for smile analysis. The subjects were divided into four groups by age (15\u201320\u00a0years, 21\u201330\u00a0years, 31\u201340\u00a0years, and 41\u201350\u00a0years). Each group was further subdivided by gender. After 41 subjects were excluded, the smile dimensions of 200 subjects were analyzed by two-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with Duncan's multiple range post hoc test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All dynamic measurements (change in upper lip length, upper lip thickness, commissure height, and intercommissural width from rest to smile) decreased with age in both males and females. Changes in upper lip length and commissure height on smiling were greater in males as compared with females of the same age groups. Changes in intercommissural width on smiling were greater in females as compared with males in all age groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smile changes with increase in age, and the changes differ between males and females. Females had a wider smile as compared with males of similar age groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/040112-268.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,13]],"date-time":"2012-08-13T10:50:06Z","timestamp":1344855006000},"page":"90-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Dynamics of a smile in different age groups"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Patil","family":"Chetan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Resident, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Tandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulshan K.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Nagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerendra","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Post-Graduate Department of Plastic Surgery, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinay K.","family":"Chugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, CSM Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"4","article-title":"Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 1. Evolution of the concept and dynamic records for smile capture","volume":"124","author":"Sarver\n              DM ,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sarver\n              DM , \n            \n              Ackerman\n              MB . \n          \n          Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 1. Evolution of the concept and dynamic records for smile capture . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2003 ;124 :4 \u201312 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"116","article-title":"Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 2. Smile analysis and treatment strategies","volume":"124","author":"Sarver\n              DM ,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sarver\n              DM , \n            \n              Ackerman\n              MB . \n          \n          Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 2. Smile analysis and treatment strategies . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2003 ;124 :116 \u2013127 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b03","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"239","article-title":"Senility of the face\u2014basic study to understand its causes and effects","volume":"36","author":"Gonzalez-Ulloa\n              M ,","year":"1965","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Ulloa\n              M , \n            \n              Flores\n              ES . \n          \n          Senility of the face\u2014basic study to understand its causes and effects . Plast Reconstr Surg . 1965 ;36 :239 \u2013246 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b04","series-title":"Anat Rec","first-page":"473","article-title":"Physical and structural age changes in human skin","volume":"129","author":"Lee\n              MM .","year":"1957","unstructured":"Lee\n              MM . \n          \n          Physical and structural age changes in human skin . Anat Rec . 1957 ;129 :473 \u2013493 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b05","series-title":"Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. 3rd ed","first-page":"419","author":"Shillingburg\n              HT\n              Jr ,","year":"1957","unstructured":"Shillingburg\n              HT\n              Jr , \n            \n              Hobo\n              S , \n            \n              Whitset\n              LD . \n          \n          Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. 3rd ed . Chicago, Ill : Quintessence ; 1957 :419 \u2013420 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b06","series-title":"Int J Prosthodont","first-page":"9","article-title":"The esthetics of the smile: a review of some recent studies","volume":"12","author":"Dong\n              JK ,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dong\n              JK , \n            \n              Jin\n              TH , \n            \n              Cho\n              HW , \n            \n              Oh\n              SC . \n          \n          The esthetics of the smile: a review of some recent studies . Int J Prosthodont . 1999 ;12 :9 \u201319 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"132","article-title":"Three dimensional analysis of facial movement in normal adults: influence of sex and facial shape","volume":"71","author":"Weeden\n              JC ,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weeden\n              JC , \n            \n              Trotman\n              CA , \n            \n              Faraway\n              JJ . \n          \n          Three dimensional analysis of facial movement in normal adults: influence of sex and facial shape . Angle Orthod . 2001 ;71 :132 \u2013140 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b08","series-title":"Psychol Rep","first-page":"907","article-title":"Sex differences over age groups in self posed smiling photographs","volume":"83","author":"Otta\n              E .","year":"1998","unstructured":"Otta\n              E . \n          \n          Sex differences over age groups in self posed smiling photographs . Psychol Rep . 1998 ;83 :907 \u2013913 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"366","article-title":"Age-related changes of the dental aesthetic zone at rest and during spontaneous smiling and speech","volume":"30","author":"Van der Geld\n              P ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van der Geld\n              P , \n            \n              Oosterveld\n              P , \n            \n              Kuijpers-Jagtman\n              AM . \n          \n          Age-related changes of the dental aesthetic zone at rest and during spontaneous smiling and speech . Eur J Orthod . 2008 ;30 :366 \u2013373 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"310.e1","article-title":"Dynamic smile analysis: changes with age","volume":"136","author":"Desai\n              S ,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Desai\n              S , \n            \n              Upadhyay\n              M , \n            \n              Nanda\n              R . \n          \n          Dynamic smile analysis: changes with age . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2009 ;136 :310.e1 \u2013310.e10 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b11","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"221","article-title":"Smile analysis and design in the digital era","volume":"36","author":"Ackerman\n              MB ,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ackerman\n              MB , \n            \n              Ackerman\n              JL . \n          \n          Smile analysis and design in the digital era . J Clin Orthod . 2002 ;36 :221 \u2013236 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b12","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"291","article-title":"Are facial expressions reproducible","volume":"40","author":"Johnston\n              DJ ,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Johnston\n              DJ , \n            \n              Millett\n              DT , \n            \n              Ayoub\n              AF . \n          \n          Are facial expressions reproducible ? Cleft Palate Craniofac J . 2003 ;40 :291 \u2013296 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b13","series-title":"J Oral Rehab","first-page":"202","article-title":"Reproducibility of a method of analysis of morphological changes in perioral soft tissue in children using video cameras","volume":"33","author":"Miyakawa\n              T ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miyakawa\n              T , \n            \n              Morinushi\n              T , \n            \n              Yamasaki\n              Y . \n          \n          Reproducibility of a method of analysis of morphological changes in perioral soft tissue in children using video cameras . J Oral Rehab . 2006 ;33 :202 \u2013208 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b14","series-title":"Clin Orthod Res","first-page":"2","article-title":"A morphometric analysis of the posed smile","volume":"1","author":"Ackerman\n              JL ,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ackerman\n              JL , \n            \n              Ackerman\n              MB , \n            \n              Besinger\n              CM , \n            \n              Landis\n              JR . \n          \n          A morphometric analysis of the posed smile . Clin Orthod Res . 1998 ;1 :2 \u201311 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b15","series-title":"World J Orthod","first-page":"313","article-title":"Changes in frontal soft tissue dimensions of the lower face by age and gender","volume":"3","author":"Dickens\n              ST ,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dickens\n              ST , \n            \n              Sarver\n              DM , \n            \n              Proffit\n              WR . \n          \n          Changes in frontal soft tissue dimensions of the lower face by age and gender . World J Orthod . 2002 ;3 :313 \u2013320 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b16","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"558","article-title":"The dynesthetic interpretation of the dentogenic concept","volume":"8","author":"Frush\n              JP ,","year":"1958","unstructured":"Frush\n              JP , \n            \n              Fisher\n              RD . \n          \n          The dynesthetic interpretation of the dentogenic concept . J Prosthet Dent . 1958 ;8 :558 \u2013581 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b17","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"233","article-title":"The influence of facial animation on smile characteristics","volume":"3","author":"Rigsbee\n              OH ,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rigsbee\n              OH , \n            \n              Sperry\n              TP , \n            \n              BeGole\n              EA . \n          \n          The influence of facial animation on smile characteristics . Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg . 1988 ;3 :233 \u2013239 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"91","article-title":"The gingival smile line","volume":"62","author":"Peck\n              S ,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peck\n              S , \n            \n              Peck\n              L , \n            \n              Kataja\n              M . \n          \n          The gingival smile line . Angle Orthod . 1992 ;62 :91 \u2013100 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"132","article-title":"An esthetic evaluation of lip-teeth relationships present in the smile","volume":"57","author":"Hulsey\n              CM .","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hulsey\n              CM . \n          \n          An esthetic evaluation of lip-teeth relationships present in the smile . Am J Orthod . 1970 ;57 :132 \u2013144 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b20","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"128","article-title":"The anatomy of smile","volume":"39","author":"Matthews\n              TG .","year":"1978","unstructured":"Matthews\n              TG . \n          \n          The anatomy of smile . J Prosthet Dent . 1978 ;39 :128 \u2013134 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"4","article-title":"Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 1. Evolution of the concept and dynamic records for smile capture","volume":"124","author":"Sarver\n              DM ,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sarver\n              DM , \n            \n              Ackerman\n              MB . \n          \n          Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 1. Evolution of the concept and dynamic records for smile capture . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2003 ;124 :4 \u201312 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"116","article-title":"Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 2. Smile analysis and treatment strategies","volume":"124","author":"Sarver\n              DM ,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sarver\n              DM , \n            \n              Ackerman\n              MB . \n          \n          Dynamic smile visualization and quantification: part 2. Smile analysis and treatment strategies . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2003 ;124 :116 \u2013127 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b03","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"239","article-title":"Senility of the face\u2014basic study to understand its causes and effects","volume":"36","author":"Gonzalez-Ulloa\n              M ,","year":"1965","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Ulloa\n              M , \n            \n              Flores\n              ES . \n          \n          Senility of the face\u2014basic study to understand its causes and effects . Plast Reconstr Surg . 1965 ;36 :239 \u2013246 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b04","series-title":"Anat Rec","first-page":"473","article-title":"Physical and structural age changes in human skin","volume":"129","author":"Lee\n              MM .","year":"1957","unstructured":"Lee\n              MM . \n          \n          Physical and structural age changes in human skin . Anat Rec . 1957 ;129 :473 \u2013493 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b05","series-title":"Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. 3rd ed","first-page":"419","author":"Shillingburg\n              HT\n              Jr ,","year":"1957","unstructured":"Shillingburg\n              HT\n              Jr , \n            \n              Hobo\n              S , \n            \n              Whitset\n              LD . \n          \n          Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics. 3rd ed . Chicago, Ill : Quintessence ; 1957 :419 \u2013420 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b06","series-title":"Int J Prosthodont","first-page":"9","article-title":"The esthetics of the smile: a review of some recent studies","volume":"12","author":"Dong\n              JK ,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dong\n              JK , \n            \n              Jin\n              TH , \n            \n              Cho\n              HW , \n            \n              Oh\n              SC . \n          \n          The esthetics of the smile: a review of some recent studies . Int J Prosthodont . 1999 ;12 :9 \u201319 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"132","article-title":"Three dimensional analysis of facial movement in normal adults: influence of sex and facial shape","volume":"71","author":"Weeden\n              JC ,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weeden\n              JC , \n            \n              Trotman\n              CA , \n            \n              Faraway\n              JJ . \n          \n          Three dimensional analysis of facial movement in normal adults: influence of sex and facial shape . Angle Orthod . 2001 ;71 :132 \u2013140 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b08","series-title":"Psychol Rep","first-page":"907","article-title":"Sex differences over age groups in self posed smiling photographs","volume":"83","author":"Otta\n              E .","year":"1998","unstructured":"Otta\n              E . \n          \n          Sex differences over age groups in self posed smiling photographs . Psychol Rep . 1998 ;83 :907 \u2013913 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"366","article-title":"Age-related changes of the dental aesthetic zone at rest and during spontaneous smiling and speech","volume":"30","author":"Van der Geld\n              P ,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van der Geld\n              P , \n            \n              Oosterveld\n              P , \n            \n              Kuijpers-Jagtman\n              AM . \n          \n          Age-related changes of the dental aesthetic zone at rest and during spontaneous smiling and speech . Eur J Orthod . 2008 ;30 :366 \u2013373 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"310.e1","article-title":"Dynamic smile analysis: changes with age","volume":"136","author":"Desai\n              S ,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Desai\n              S , \n            \n              Upadhyay\n              M , \n            \n              Nanda\n              R . \n          \n          Dynamic smile analysis: changes with age . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop . 2009 ;136 :310.e1 \u2013310.e10 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b11","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"221","article-title":"Smile analysis and design in the digital era","volume":"36","author":"Ackerman\n              MB ,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ackerman\n              MB , \n            \n              Ackerman\n              JL . \n          \n          Smile analysis and design in the digital era . J Clin Orthod . 2002 ;36 :221 \u2013236 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b12","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"291","article-title":"Are facial expressions reproducible","volume":"40","author":"Johnston\n              DJ ,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Johnston\n              DJ , \n            \n              Millett\n              DT , \n            \n              Ayoub\n              AF . \n          \n          Are facial expressions reproducible ? Cleft Palate Craniofac J . 2003 ;40 :291 \u2013296 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b13","series-title":"J Oral Rehab","first-page":"202","article-title":"Reproducibility of a method of analysis of morphological changes in perioral soft tissue in children using video cameras","volume":"33","author":"Miyakawa\n              T ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miyakawa\n              T , \n            \n              Morinushi\n              T , \n            \n              Yamasaki\n              Y . \n          \n          Reproducibility of a method of analysis of morphological changes in perioral soft tissue in children using video cameras . J Oral Rehab . 2006 ;33 :202 \u2013208 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b14","series-title":"Clin Orthod Res","first-page":"2","article-title":"A morphometric analysis of the posed smile","volume":"1","author":"Ackerman\n              JL ,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ackerman\n              JL , \n            \n              Ackerman\n              MB , \n            \n              Besinger\n              CM , \n            \n              Landis\n              JR . \n          \n          A morphometric analysis of the posed smile . Clin Orthod Res . 1998 ;1 :2 \u201311 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b15","series-title":"World J Orthod","first-page":"313","article-title":"Changes in frontal soft tissue dimensions of the lower face by age and gender","volume":"3","author":"Dickens\n              ST ,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dickens\n              ST , \n            \n              Sarver\n              DM , \n            \n              Proffit\n              WR . \n          \n          Changes in frontal soft tissue dimensions of the lower face by age and gender . World J Orthod . 2002 ;3 :313 \u2013320 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b16","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"558","article-title":"The dynesthetic interpretation of the dentogenic concept","volume":"8","author":"Frush\n              JP ,","year":"1958","unstructured":"Frush\n              JP , \n            \n              Fisher\n              RD . \n          \n          The dynesthetic interpretation of the dentogenic concept . J Prosthet Dent . 1958 ;8 :558 \u2013581 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b17","series-title":"Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg","first-page":"233","article-title":"The influence of facial animation on smile characteristics","volume":"3","author":"Rigsbee\n              OH ,","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rigsbee\n              OH , \n            \n              Sperry\n              TP , \n            \n              BeGole\n              EA . \n          \n          The influence of facial animation on smile characteristics . Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg . 1988 ;3 :233 \u2013239 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"91","article-title":"The gingival smile line","volume":"62","author":"Peck\n              S ,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Peck\n              S , \n            \n              Peck\n              L , \n            \n              Kataja\n              M . \n          \n          The gingival smile line . Angle Orthod . 1992 ;62 :91 \u2013100 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"132","article-title":"An esthetic evaluation of lip-teeth relationships present in the smile","volume":"57","author":"Hulsey\n              CM .","year":"1970","unstructured":"Hulsey\n              CM . \n          \n          An esthetic evaluation of lip-teeth relationships present in the smile . Am J Orthod . 1970 ;57 :132 \u2013144 ."},{"key":"i0003-3219-83-1-90-b20","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"128","article-title":"The anatomy of smile","volume":"39","author":"Matthews\n              TG .","year":"1978","unstructured":"Matthews\n              TG . \n          \n          The anatomy of smile . J Prosthet Dent . 1978 ;39 :128 \u2013134 ."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/83\/1\/article-p90.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/83\/1\/90\/1413640\/040112-268_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/83\/1\/article-p90.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/83\/1\/article-p90.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:06:10Z","timestamp":1780070770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/83\/1\/article-p90.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/040112-268.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}}}