{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:13:43Z","timestamp":1787314423772,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate and compare the soft tissue thickness values at the lower anterior face among adult patients with different vertical growth patterns using cone-beam computed tomography.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The study sample consisted of 105 adult patients (54 women and 51 men) with a normal sagittal skeletal pattern divided into three groups according to the vertical growth pattern: high-angle (women\/men, 22\/13; mean age, 24.54 \u00b1 4.45\u00a0years), low-angle (women\/men, 14\/21; mean age, 24.62 \u00b1 5.08\u00a0years), and normal-angle (women\/men, 18\/17; mean age, 24.22 \u00b1 5.40\u00a0years) groups. The soft tissue thickness measurements at the lower anterior face in each group were done and analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Soft tissue thickness values were the lowest in the high-angle group for both women and men. For women, the thickness values at the labrale superius, labrale inferius, and pogonion were found to be statistically significantly smaller in the high-angle group (11.49 \u00b1 1.05\u00a0mm, 12.70 \u00b1 1.92\u00a0mm, and 11.64 \u00b1 2.65\u00a0mm, respectively) compared with the values in the normal-angle group (13.31 \u00b1 2.01\u00a0mm, 15.08 \u00b1 1.94\u00a0mm, and 14.69 \u00b1 3.08\u00a0mm, respectively) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05, and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .01, respectively). For men, however, no statistically significant differences were found among the vertical growth patterns (\n P > .05<\/jats:italic>\n ).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Women had statistically significantly thinner thickness at the labrale superius, labrale inferius, and pogonion in the high-angle group compared with the normal-angle group.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/040114-237.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,7]],"date-time":"2014-07-07T08:16:27Z","timestamp":1404720987000},"page":"211-217","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Assessment of the soft tissue thickness at the lower anterior face in adult patients with different skeletal vertical patterns using cone-beam computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Mevlut","family":"Celikoglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suleyman K.","family":"Buyuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Ekizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet E.","family":"Sekerci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yildiray","family":"Sisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"247","article-title":"Vertical malocclusions: etiology, development, diagnosis and some aspects of treatment","volume":"61","author":"Nielsen\n IL.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nielsen\n IL. \n \n Vertical malocclusions: etiology, development, diagnosis and some aspects of treatment. Angle Orthod. 1991; 61: 247\u2013 260."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"219","article-title":"Extreme variation in vertical facial growth and associated variation in skeletal and dental relations","volume":"41","author":"Isaacson\n JR,","year":"1971","unstructured":"Isaacson\n JR, \n \n Isaacson\n RJ, \n \n Speidel\n TM, \n \n Worms\n FW. \n \n Extreme variation in vertical facial growth and associated variation in skeletal and dental relations. Angle Orthod. 1971; 41: 219\u2013 229."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"398","article-title":"The long face syndrome: vertical maxillary excess","volume":"70","author":"Schendel\n SA,","year":"1976","unstructured":"Schendel\n SA, \n \n Eisenfeld\n J, \n \n Bell\n WH, \n \n Epker\n BN, \n \n Mishelevich\n DJ. \n \n The long face syndrome: vertical maxillary excess. Am J Orthod. 1976; 70: 398\u2013 408."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"499","article-title":"The short face syndrome","volume":"73","author":"Opdebeeck\n H,","year":"1978","unstructured":"Opdebeeck\n H, \n \n Bell\n WH. \n \n The short face syndrome. Am J Orthod. 1978; 73: 499\u2013 511."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b05","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"23","article-title":"Facial soft tissue thickness among skeletal malocclusions: is there a difference","volume":"42","author":"Kamak\n H,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kamak\n H, \n \n Celikoglu\n M. \n \n Facial soft tissue thickness among skeletal malocclusions: is there a difference? Korean J Orthod. 2012; 42: 23\u2013 31."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b06","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"178","article-title":"Soft-tissue thickness of South Korean adults with normal facial profiles","volume":"43","author":"Cha\n KS.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cha\n KS. \n \n Soft-tissue thickness of South Korean adults with normal facial profiles. Korean J Orthod. 2013; 43: 178\u2013 185."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b07","series-title":"Stomatologija","first-page":"87","article-title":"Soft tissue thickness changes after correcting Class III malocclusion with bimaxillar surgery","volume":"13","author":"Abeltins\n A,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abeltins\n A, \n \n Jakobsone\n G. \n \n Soft tissue thickness changes after correcting Class III malocclusion with bimaxillar surgery. Stomatologija. 2011; 13: 87\u2013 91."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b08","series-title":"Forensic Sci Int","first-page":"e161","article-title":"Pilot study of facial soft tissue thickness differences among three skeletal classes in Japanese females","volume":"195","author":"Utsuno\n H,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Utsuno\n H, \n \n Kageyama\n T, \n \n Uchida\n K, \n et al. \n Pilot study of facial soft tissue thickness differences among three skeletal classes in Japanese females. Forensic Sci Int. 2010; 195: e161\u2013 e165."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"708","article-title":"Comparisons of soft tissue chin thickness in adult patients with various mandibular divergence patterns","volume":"84","author":"Macari\n AT,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Macari\n AT, \n \n Hanna\n AE. \n \n Comparisons of soft tissue chin thickness in adult patients with various mandibular divergence patterns. Angle Orthod. 2013; 84: 708\u2013 714."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"519","article-title":"Sample calculations for comparison of 2 means","volume":"141","author":"Pandis\n N.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pandis\n N. \n \n Sample calculations for comparison of 2 means. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012; 141: 519\u2013 521."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"460","article-title":"Orofacial airway dimensions in subjects with Class I malocclusion and different growth patterns","volume":"81","author":"Ucar\n FI,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ucar\n FI, \n \n Uysal\n T. \n \n Orofacial airway dimensions in subjects with Class I malocclusion and different growth patterns. Angle Orthod. 2011; 81: 460\u2013 468."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"782","article-title":"Comparison of pharyngeal airway volume among different vertical skeletal patterns: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"84","author":"Celikoglu\n M,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Bayram\n M, \n \n Sekerci\n AE, \n \n Buyuk\n SK, \n \n Toy\n E. \n \n Comparison of pharyngeal airway volume among different vertical skeletal patterns: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Angle Orthod. 2014; 84: 782\u2013 787."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b13","series-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal","first-page":"e797","article-title":"Frequency and characteristics of tooth agenesis among an orthodontic patient population","volume":"15","author":"Celikoglu\n M,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Kazanci\n F, \n \n Miloglu\n O, \n \n Oztek\n O, \n \n Kamak\n H, \n \n Ceylan\n I. \n \n Frequency and characteristics of tooth agenesis among an orthodontic patient population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010; 15: e797\u2013 e801."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"395","article-title":"Determination of Holdaway soft tissue norms in Anatolian Turkish adults","volume":"123","author":"Basciftci\n FA,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Basciftci\n FA, \n \n Uysal\n T, \n \n Buyukerkmen\n A. \n \n Determination of Holdaway soft tissue norms in Anatolian Turkish adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003; 123: 395\u2013 400."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"876","article-title":"Soft-tissue cephalometric norms in a South Indian ethnic population","volume":"133","author":"Kalha\n AS,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kalha\n AS, \n \n Latif\n A, \n \n Govardhan\n SN. \n \n Soft-tissue cephalometric norms in a South Indian ethnic population. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008; 133: 876\u2013 881."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b16","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"449","article-title":"Standards of soft tissue Arnett analysis for surgical planning in Turkish adults","volume":"31","author":"Uysal\n T,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uysal\n T, \n \n Yagci\n A, \n \n Basciftci\n FA, \n \n Sisman\n Y. \n \n Standards of soft tissue Arnett analysis for surgical planning in Turkish adults. Eur J Orthod. 2009; 31: 449\u2013 456."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"80","article-title":"Soft tissue morphology of Jordanian adolescents","volume":"80","author":"Hamdan\n AM.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hamdan\n AM. \n \n Soft tissue morphology of Jordanian adolescents. Angle Orthod. 2010; 80: 80\u2013 85."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b18","series-title":"Forensic Sci Int","first-page":"175","article-title":"Facial soft tissue thickness differences among three skeletal classes in Japanese population","volume":"236","author":"Utsuno\n H,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Utsuno\n H, \n \n Kageyama\n T, \n \n Uchida\n K, \n \n Kibayashi\n K. \n \n Facial soft tissue thickness differences among three skeletal classes in Japanese population. Forensic Sci Int. 2014; 236: 175\u2013 180."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b19","series-title":"J Forensic Leg Med","first-page":"115","article-title":"Soft tissue thickness in young north eastern Brazilian individuals with different skeletal classes","volume":"22","author":"Pithon\n MM,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pithon\n MM, \n \n Rodrigues Ribeiro\n DL, \n \n Lacerda dos Santos\n R, \n \n Leite de Santana\n C, \n \n Pedrosa Cruz\n JP. \n \n Soft tissue thickness in young north eastern Brazilian individuals with different skeletal classes. J Forensic Leg Med. 2014; 22: 115\u2013 120."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"589","article-title":"Cephalometric and computed tomographic predictors of obstructive sleep apnea severity","volume":"107","author":"Lowe\n AA,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lowe\n AA, \n \n Fleetham\n JA, \n \n Adachi\n S, \n \n Ryan\n CF. \n \n Cephalometric and computed tomographic predictors of obstructive sleep apnea severity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995; 107: 589\u2013 595."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"579","article-title":"Conventional frontal radiographs compared with frontal radiographs obtained from cone beam computed tomography","volume":"82","author":"Nur\n M,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nur\n M, \n \n Kayipmaz\n S, \n \n Bayram\n M, \n \n Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Kilkis\n D, \n \n Sezgin\n OS. \n \n Conventional frontal radiographs compared with frontal radiographs obtained from cone beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2012; 82: 579\u2013 584."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b22","series-title":"Aust Orthod J","first-page":"153","article-title":"Mesiodistal tooth dimensions and anterior and overall Bolton ratios evaluated by cone beam computed tomography","volume":"29","author":"Celikoglu\n M,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Nur\n M, \n \n Kilkis\n D, \n \n Sezgin\n OS, \n \n Bayram\n M. \n \n Mesiodistal tooth dimensions and anterior and overall Bolton ratios evaluated by cone beam computed tomography. Aust Orthod J. 2013; 29: 153\u2013 158."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"691","article-title":"Condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry in adolescent patients with cleft lip and palate evaluated with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"144","author":"Celikoglu\n M,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Halicioglu\n K, \n \n Buyuk\n SK, \n \n Sekerci\n AE, \n \n Ucar\n FI. \n \n Condylar and ramal vertical asymmetry in adolescent patients with cleft lip and palate evaluated with cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013; 144: 691\u2013 697."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b24","series-title":"J Forensic Sci","first-page":"1442","article-title":"Facial soft tissue thickness database for craniofacial reconstruction in Korean adults","volume":"57","author":"Hwang\n HS,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hwang\n HS, \n \n Park\n MK, \n \n Lee\n WJ, \n \n Cho\n JH, \n \n Kim\n BK, \n \n Wilkinson\n CM. \n \n Facial soft tissue thickness database for craniofacial reconstruction in Korean adults. J Forensic Sci. 2012; 57: 1442\u2013 1447."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"995","article-title":"Assessment of pharyngeal airway volume in adolescent patients affected by bilateral cleft lip and palate using cone beam computed tomography","volume":"84","author":"Celikoglu\n M,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Ucar\n FI, \n \n Sekerci\n AE, \n \n Buyuk\n SK, \n \n Ersoz\n M, \n \n Sisman\n Y. \n \n Assessment of pharyngeal airway volume in adolescent patients affected by bilateral cleft lip and palate using cone beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2014; 84: 995\u2013 1001."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b26","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"216","article-title":"Factors influencing the predictability of soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback surgery","volume":"71","author":"Mobarak\n KA,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mobarak\n KA, \n \n Krogstad\n O, \n \n Espeland\n L, \n \n Lyberg\n T. \n \n Factors influencing the predictability of soft tissue profile changes following mandibular setback surgery. Angle Orthod. 2001; 71: 216\u2013 227."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b27","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"533","article-title":"Soft tissue response after Class III bimaxillary surgery","volume":"83","author":"Jakobsone\n G,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jakobsone\n G, \n \n Stenvik\n A, \n \n Espeland\n L. \n \n Soft tissue response after Class III bimaxillary surgery. Angle Orthod. 2013; 83: 533\u2013 539."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"247","article-title":"Vertical malocclusions: etiology, development, diagnosis and some aspects of treatment","volume":"61","author":"Nielsen\n IL.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nielsen\n IL. \n \n Vertical malocclusions: etiology, development, diagnosis and some aspects of treatment. Angle Orthod. 1991; 61: 247\u2013 260."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"219","article-title":"Extreme variation in vertical facial growth and associated variation in skeletal and dental relations","volume":"41","author":"Isaacson\n JR,","year":"1971","unstructured":"Isaacson\n JR, \n \n Isaacson\n RJ, \n \n Speidel\n TM, \n \n Worms\n FW. \n \n Extreme variation in vertical facial growth and associated variation in skeletal and dental relations. Angle Orthod. 1971; 41: 219\u2013 229."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"398","article-title":"The long face syndrome: vertical maxillary excess","volume":"70","author":"Schendel\n SA,","year":"1976","unstructured":"Schendel\n SA, \n \n Eisenfeld\n J, \n \n Bell\n WH, \n \n Epker\n BN, \n \n Mishelevich\n DJ. \n \n The long face syndrome: vertical maxillary excess. Am J Orthod. 1976; 70: 398\u2013 408."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"499","article-title":"The short face syndrome","volume":"73","author":"Opdebeeck\n H,","year":"1978","unstructured":"Opdebeeck\n H, \n \n Bell\n WH. \n \n The short face syndrome. Am J Orthod. 1978; 73: 499\u2013 511."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b05","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"23","article-title":"Facial soft tissue thickness among skeletal malocclusions: is there a difference","volume":"42","author":"Kamak\n H,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kamak\n H, \n \n Celikoglu\n M. \n \n Facial soft tissue thickness among skeletal malocclusions: is there a difference? Korean J Orthod. 2012; 42: 23\u2013 31."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b06","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"178","article-title":"Soft-tissue thickness of South Korean adults with normal facial profiles","volume":"43","author":"Cha\n KS.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cha\n KS. \n \n Soft-tissue thickness of South Korean adults with normal facial profiles. Korean J Orthod. 2013; 43: 178\u2013 185."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b07","series-title":"Stomatologija","first-page":"87","article-title":"Soft tissue thickness changes after correcting Class III malocclusion with bimaxillar surgery","volume":"13","author":"Abeltins\n A,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abeltins\n A, \n \n Jakobsone\n G. \n \n Soft tissue thickness changes after correcting Class III malocclusion with bimaxillar surgery. Stomatologija. 2011; 13: 87\u2013 91."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b08","series-title":"Forensic Sci Int","first-page":"e161","article-title":"Pilot study of facial soft tissue thickness differences among three skeletal classes in Japanese females","volume":"195","author":"Utsuno\n H,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Utsuno\n H, \n \n Kageyama\n T, \n \n Uchida\n K, \n et al. \n Pilot study of facial soft tissue thickness differences among three skeletal classes in Japanese females. Forensic Sci Int. 2010; 195: e161\u2013 e165."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"708","article-title":"Comparisons of soft tissue chin thickness in adult patients with various mandibular divergence patterns","volume":"84","author":"Macari\n AT,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Macari\n AT, \n \n Hanna\n AE. \n \n Comparisons of soft tissue chin thickness in adult patients with various mandibular divergence patterns. Angle Orthod. 2013; 84: 708\u2013 714."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"519","article-title":"Sample calculations for comparison of 2 means","volume":"141","author":"Pandis\n N.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pandis\n N. \n \n Sample calculations for comparison of 2 means. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012; 141: 519\u2013 521."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"460","article-title":"Orofacial airway dimensions in subjects with Class I malocclusion and different growth patterns","volume":"81","author":"Ucar\n FI,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ucar\n FI, \n \n Uysal\n T. \n \n Orofacial airway dimensions in subjects with Class I malocclusion and different growth patterns. Angle Orthod. 2011; 81: 460\u2013 468."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b12","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"782","article-title":"Comparison of pharyngeal airway volume among different vertical skeletal patterns: a cone-beam computed tomography study","volume":"84","author":"Celikoglu\n M,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Bayram\n M, \n \n Sekerci\n AE, \n \n Buyuk\n SK, \n \n Toy\n E. \n \n Comparison of pharyngeal airway volume among different vertical skeletal patterns: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Angle Orthod. 2014; 84: 782\u2013 787."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b13","series-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal","first-page":"e797","article-title":"Frequency and characteristics of tooth agenesis among an orthodontic patient population","volume":"15","author":"Celikoglu\n M,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Kazanci\n F, \n \n Miloglu\n O, \n \n Oztek\n O, \n \n Kamak\n H, \n \n Ceylan\n I. \n \n Frequency and characteristics of tooth agenesis among an orthodontic patient population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010; 15: e797\u2013 e801."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"395","article-title":"Determination of Holdaway soft tissue norms in Anatolian Turkish adults","volume":"123","author":"Basciftci\n FA,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Basciftci\n FA, \n \n Uysal\n T, \n \n Buyukerkmen\n A. \n \n Determination of Holdaway soft tissue norms in Anatolian Turkish adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2003; 123: 395\u2013 400."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"876","article-title":"Soft-tissue cephalometric norms in a South Indian ethnic population","volume":"133","author":"Kalha\n AS,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kalha\n AS, \n \n Latif\n A, \n \n Govardhan\n SN. \n \n Soft-tissue cephalometric norms in a South Indian ethnic population. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008; 133: 876\u2013 881."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b16","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"449","article-title":"Standards of soft tissue Arnett analysis for surgical planning in Turkish adults","volume":"31","author":"Uysal\n T,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uysal\n T, \n \n Yagci\n A, \n \n Basciftci\n FA, \n \n Sisman\n Y. \n \n Standards of soft tissue Arnett analysis for surgical planning in Turkish adults. Eur J Orthod. 2009; 31: 449\u2013 456."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"80","article-title":"Soft tissue morphology of Jordanian adolescents","volume":"80","author":"Hamdan\n AM.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hamdan\n AM. \n \n Soft tissue morphology of Jordanian adolescents. Angle Orthod. 2010; 80: 80\u2013 85."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b18","series-title":"Forensic Sci Int","first-page":"175","article-title":"Facial soft tissue thickness differences among three skeletal classes in Japanese population","volume":"236","author":"Utsuno\n H,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Utsuno\n H, \n \n Kageyama\n T, \n \n Uchida\n K, \n \n Kibayashi\n K. \n \n Facial soft tissue thickness differences among three skeletal classes in Japanese population. Forensic Sci Int. 2014; 236: 175\u2013 180."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b19","series-title":"J Forensic Leg Med","first-page":"115","article-title":"Soft tissue thickness in young north eastern Brazilian individuals with different skeletal classes","volume":"22","author":"Pithon\n MM,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pithon\n MM, \n \n Rodrigues Ribeiro\n DL, \n \n Lacerda dos Santos\n R, \n \n Leite de Santana\n C, \n \n Pedrosa Cruz\n JP. \n \n Soft tissue thickness in young north eastern Brazilian individuals with different skeletal classes. J Forensic Leg Med. 2014; 22: 115\u2013 120."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"589","article-title":"Cephalometric and computed tomographic predictors of obstructive sleep apnea severity","volume":"107","author":"Lowe\n AA,","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lowe\n AA, \n \n Fleetham\n JA, \n \n Adachi\n S, \n \n Ryan\n CF. \n \n Cephalometric and computed tomographic predictors of obstructive sleep apnea severity. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995; 107: 589\u2013 595."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b21","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"579","article-title":"Conventional frontal radiographs compared with frontal radiographs obtained from cone beam computed tomography","volume":"82","author":"Nur\n M,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nur\n M, \n \n Kayipmaz\n S, \n \n Bayram\n M, \n \n Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Kilkis\n D, \n \n Sezgin\n OS. \n \n Conventional frontal radiographs compared with frontal radiographs obtained from cone beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2012; 82: 579\u2013 584."},{"key":"angl-86-05-14-b22","series-title":"Aust Orthod J","first-page":"153","article-title":"Mesiodistal tooth dimensions and anterior and overall Bolton ratios evaluated by cone beam computed tomography","volume":"29","author":"Celikoglu\n M,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Celikoglu\n M, \n \n Nur\n M, \n \n Kilkis\n D, \n \n Sezgin\n OS, \n \n Bayram\n M. \n \n Mesiodistal tooth dimensions and anterior and overall Bolton ratios evaluated by cone beam computed tomography. 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