{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T09:41:54Z","timestamp":1780566114814,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate esthetic outcomes of four treatment options for missing maxillary lateral incisors\u2014canine substitution, canine substitution with buildup, resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs), and dental implant\u2014and to compare with a control group with sound lateral incisors after orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 144 digital intraoral photographs from clinical expert archives was analyzed, including the control group. Esthetic outcomes were assessed using ImageJ software based on the recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion, vertical position, black triangles, gingival zenith, color, and apparent contact dimension (ACD). Statistical analyses were conducted to identify significant differences among groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RED proportion was more favorable in both canine substitution groups than with RBFDPs. Vertical position favored RBFDP over canine substitution with buildup. Black triangles were less frequent in both canine substitution and the control group than with RBFDPs. Gingival zenith was less favorable in both canine substitution groups than the control and with RBFDPs. The control group showed best color outcomes, outperforming all treatment groups except for dental implant. ACD central\u2013lateral incisors was better in the canine substitution with buildup and control group than canine substitution without buildup. ACD lateral incisor\u2013canine was superior in both canine substitution and control groups than with RBFDPs and dental implants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No single treatment excelled across all parameters, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment plans based on patient priorities. Collaborative decision-making is crucial for optimizing esthetic outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/040125-263.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:51:50Z","timestamp":1770771110000},"page":"215-223","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Esthetic evaluation of treatment strategies for missing maxillary lateral incisors"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Lieke E. L.","family":"Kooijmans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontic Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco M. M.","family":"Gresnigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Restorative Dentistry, University of Groningen, Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Centre for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials; and Restorative Dentist, Martini Hospital, Department of Special Dental Care, Groningen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanne J. M.","family":"Roos-Wilshaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen M. C.","family":"Schoone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthodontic Resident, Department of Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinder","family":"Kuitert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Burcu","family":"Aydin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Researcher and Orthodontist, Department of Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b01","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"273","article-title":"Treatment of missing maxillary lateral incisors: a clinical and aesthetic evaluation","volume":"41","author":"Josefsson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Josefsson E,\nLindsten R. Treatment of missing maxillary lateral incisors: a clinical and aesthetic evaluation. Eur J Orthod. 2019;41(3):273\u2013278."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b02","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"608","article-title":"Skeletal and dentoalveolar characteristics of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis patients: a comparative cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Tageldin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tageldin MA,\nYacout YM,\nMarzouk ES. Skeletal and dentoalveolar characteristics of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis patients: a comparative cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):608."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b03","series-title":"J Orthod Sci","first-page":"15","article-title":"Prevalence of congenitally missing upper lateral incisors in an orthodontic adolescent population","volume":"9","author":"Swarnalatha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swarnalatha C,\nParuchuri U,\nBabu JS, et al. Prevalence of congenitally missing upper lateral incisors in an orthodontic adolescent population. J Orthod Sci. 2020;9(1):15."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b04","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"456","article-title":"Prevalence of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and associated skeletal characteristics in an orthodontic patient population","volume":"74","author":"Bassiouny","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bassiouny DS,\nAfify AR,\nBaeshen HA,\nBirkhed D,\nZawawi KH. Prevalence of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and associated skeletal characteristics in an orthodontic patient population. Acta Odontol Scand. 2016;74(6):456\u2013459."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b05","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"33","article-title":"Substituting congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with implant-borne crowns: a topic still worth a discussion","volume":"26","author":"Schneider","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schneider UE,\nMoser L. Substituting congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with implant-borne crowns: a topic still worth a discussion? Semin Orthod. 2020;26(1):33\u201351."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b06","series-title":"Saudi Dent J","first-page":"155","article-title":"Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis; a retrospective cross-sectional study","volume":"30","author":"Arandi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arandi NZ,\nMustafa S. Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis; a retrospective cross-sectional study. Saudi Dent J. 2018;30(2):155\u2013160."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b07","series-title":"Bioeng","first-page":"262","article-title":"Corrections of dental anomalies in the maxillary incisors and their influence on perceived smile esthetics: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"McGarty","year":"2025","unstructured":"McGarty NR,\nDelre C,\nGaeta C,\nDoldo T. Corrections of dental anomalies in the maxillary incisors and their influence on perceived smile esthetics: a systematic review. Bioeng. 2025;12(3):262."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b08","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"2","article-title":"Agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors: diagnosis and treatment options","volume":"27","author":"Schroeder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schroeder DK,\nSchroeder MA,\nVasconcelos V. Agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors: diagnosis and treatment options. Dental Press J Orthod. 2022;27(1):2\u201327."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b09","series-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent","first-page":"311","article-title":"The treatment dilemma of missing maxillary lateral incisors\u2014part I: canine substitution and resin\u2010bonded fixed dental prostheses","volume":"31","author":"Priest","year":"2019","unstructured":"Priest G. The treatment dilemma of missing maxillary lateral incisors\u2014part I: canine substitution and resin\u2010bonded fixed dental prostheses. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31(4):311\u2013318."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b10","series-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent","first-page":"319","article-title":"The treatment dilemma of missing maxillary lateral incisors\u2014part II: implant restoration","volume":"31","author":"Priest","year":"2019","unstructured":"Priest G. The treatment dilemma of missing maxillary lateral incisors\u2014part II: implant restoration. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139(4):443."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b23","series-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent","first-page":"402","article-title":"Analysis of the golden proportion and width\/height ratios of maxillary anterior dentition in patients with lateral incisor agenesis","volume":"24","author":"Pini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pini NP,\nDe\u2010Marchi LM,\nGribel BF,\nUbaldini ALM,\nPascotto RC. Analysis of the golden proportion and width\/height ratios of maxillary anterior dentition in patients with lateral incisor agenesis. J Esthet Restor Dent.2012;24(6):402\u2013414."},{"key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b24","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"87","article-title":"Analysis of width\/height ratio and gingival zenith in patients with bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisor","volume":"17","author":"Pini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pini NIP,\nDe-Marchi LM,\nGribel BF,\nRamos AL,\nFurquim LZ,\nPascotto RC. 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J Esthet Restor Dent. 2009;21(2):96\u2013111."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b38","series-title":"Clin Implant Dent Relat Res","first-page":"937","article-title":"A retro\u2010prospective long\u2010term follow\u2010up of Br\u00e5nemark single implants in the anterior maxilla in young adults. Part 1: clinical and radiographic parameters","volume":"20","author":"Winitsky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Winitsky N,\nOlgart K,\nJemt T,\nSmedberg JI. A retro\u2010prospective long\u2010term follow\u2010up of Br\u00e5nemark single implants in the anterior maxilla in young adults. Part 1: clinical and radiographic parameters. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2018;20(6):937\u2013944."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b01","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"273","article-title":"Treatment of missing maxillary lateral incisors: a clinical and aesthetic evaluation","volume":"41","author":"Josefsson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Josefsson E,\nLindsten R. Treatment of missing maxillary lateral incisors: a clinical and aesthetic evaluation. Eur J Orthod. 2019;41(3):273\u2013278."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b02","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"608","article-title":"Skeletal and dentoalveolar characteristics of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis patients: a comparative cross-sectional study","volume":"22","author":"Tageldin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tageldin MA,\nYacout YM,\nMarzouk ES. Skeletal and dentoalveolar characteristics of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis patients: a comparative cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):608."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b03","series-title":"J Orthod Sci","first-page":"15","article-title":"Prevalence of congenitally missing upper lateral incisors in an orthodontic adolescent population","volume":"9","author":"Swarnalatha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swarnalatha C,\nParuchuri U,\nBabu JS, et al. Prevalence of congenitally missing upper lateral incisors in an orthodontic adolescent population. J Orthod Sci. 2020;9(1):15."},{"issue":"6","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b04","series-title":"Acta Odontol Scand","first-page":"456","article-title":"Prevalence of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and associated skeletal characteristics in an orthodontic patient population","volume":"74","author":"Bassiouny","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bassiouny DS,\nAfify AR,\nBaeshen HA,\nBirkhed D,\nZawawi KH. Prevalence of maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and associated skeletal characteristics in an orthodontic patient population. Acta Odontol Scand. 2016;74(6):456\u2013459."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b05","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"33","article-title":"Substituting congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with implant-borne crowns: a topic still worth a discussion","volume":"26","author":"Schneider","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schneider UE,\nMoser L. Substituting congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors with implant-borne crowns: a topic still worth a discussion? Semin Orthod. 2020;26(1):33\u201351."},{"issue":"2","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b06","series-title":"Saudi Dent J","first-page":"155","article-title":"Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis; a retrospective cross-sectional study","volume":"30","author":"Arandi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arandi NZ,\nMustafa S. Maxillary lateral incisor agenesis; a retrospective cross-sectional study. Saudi Dent J. 2018;30(2):155\u2013160."},{"issue":"3","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b07","series-title":"Bioeng","first-page":"262","article-title":"Corrections of dental anomalies in the maxillary incisors and their influence on perceived smile esthetics: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"McGarty","year":"2025","unstructured":"McGarty NR,\nDelre C,\nGaeta C,\nDoldo T. Corrections of dental anomalies in the maxillary incisors and their influence on perceived smile esthetics: a systematic review. Bioeng. 2025;12(3):262."},{"issue":"1","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b08","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"2","article-title":"Agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors: diagnosis and treatment options","volume":"27","author":"Schroeder","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schroeder DK,\nSchroeder MA,\nVasconcelos V. Agenesis of maxillary lateral incisors: diagnosis and treatment options. Dental Press J Orthod. 2022;27(1):2\u201327."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b09","series-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent","first-page":"311","article-title":"The treatment dilemma of missing maxillary lateral incisors\u2014part I: canine substitution and resin\u2010bonded fixed dental prostheses","volume":"31","author":"Priest","year":"2019","unstructured":"Priest G. The treatment dilemma of missing maxillary lateral incisors\u2014part I: canine substitution and resin\u2010bonded fixed dental prostheses. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2019;31(4):311\u2013318."},{"issue":"4","key":"i1945-7103-96-2-215-b10","series-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent","first-page":"319","article-title":"The treatment dilemma of missing maxillary lateral incisors\u2014part II: implant restoration","volume":"31","author":"Priest","year":"2019","unstructured":"Priest G. The treatment dilemma of missing maxillary lateral incisors\u2014part II: implant restoration. 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