{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T02:36:01Z","timestamp":1789007761348,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To test the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference in pharyngeal airway space among adult skeletal Class II patients with different condylar positions using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The CBCT records of 60 patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion (ANB angle \u2265 4\u00b0, Wits \u2265 0) were selected from the CBCT database. According to the condyle position, the patients were divided in three groups: anterior group (CD \u2264 \u221212%), centric group (\u221212% \u2264 CD \u2264 +12%), and posterior group (CD \u2265 +12%). Three-dimensional (3D) pharyngeal airway models were reconstructed using InvivoDental software 5.1.3. The volume and area of the pharyngeal airway space were measured in the 3D airway model.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The volume and area of the pharyngeal airway space in the centric group were significantly smaller than those in the posterior group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .01). The volume and area of the pharyngeal airway space were smallest in the anterior group and significantly increased in the centric and posterior groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The null hypothesis was rejected. Significant differences were noted in pharyngeal airway space among adult skeletal Class II patients with different condylar positions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/040518-253.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,20]],"date-time":"2018-11-20T09:52:14Z","timestamp":1542707534000},"page":"312-316","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cone-beam evaluation of pharyngeal airway space in adult skeletal Class II patients with different condylar positions"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Jintao","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruonan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Student, Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linna","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physician-in-charge, Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-89-2-312-b01","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1230","article-title":"The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults","volume":"328","author":"Young \n T,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Young \n T, \n \n \n Palta \n M, \n \n \n Dempsey \n J, \n \n et al. \n The occurrence of sleep-disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. 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Korean J Orthod. 2015;45(2):66\u201373."},{"issue":"6","key":"i0003-3219-89-2-312-b28","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"847","article-title":"Three-dimensional positional assessment of glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion","volume":"87","author":"De \n J M,","year":"2017","unstructured":"De \n J M, \n \n \n Palomo \n J M, \n \n \n De \n A O R, \n \n et al. \n Three-dimensional positional assessment of glenoid fossae and mandibular condyles in patients with Class II subdivision malocclusion. Angle Orthod. 2017;87(6):847\u2013854."},{"issue":"5","key":"i0003-3219-89-2-312-b29","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"1","article-title":"Abbaszade H. Correlation between condylar position and different sagittal skeletal facial types","volume":"77","author":"Paknahad \n M,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paknahad \n M, \n \n \n Shahidi \n S, \n \n \n Abbaszade H. 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Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;143:20\u201330."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-2-312-b05","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"269","article-title":"Craniofacial morphological characteristics in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"144","author":"Flores-Mir \n C,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Flores-Mir \n C, \n \n \n Korayem \n M, \n \n \n Heo \n G, \n \n \n Witmans \n M, \n \n \n Major \n MP, \n \n \n Major \n PW. \n \n \n Craniofacial morphological characteristics in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Dent Assoc. 2013;144:269\u2013277."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-2-312-b06","series-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhi","first-page":"1167","article-title":"Comparison of cephalometric patterns in mouth breathing and nose breathing children","volume":"78","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chung Leng Munoz I, Beltri Orta P. Comparison of cephalometric patterns in mouth breathing and nose breathing children. Int J Pediatr Otorhi. 2014;78:1167\u20131172."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-2-312-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"301","article-title":"Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway in preadolescent children with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns","volume":"137","author":"Kim \n Y,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim \n Y, \n \n \n Hong \n J, \n \n \n Hwang \n Y, \n \n \n Park \n Y. \n \n \n Three-dimensional analysis of pharyngeal airway in preadolescent children with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns. 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Orthod Craniofac Res. 2014;17:38\u201348."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-2-312-b09","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"1133","article-title":"and volumetric airway changes after maxillomandibular advancement for obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"73","author":"Butterfield \n KJ,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Butterfield \n KJ, \n \n \n Marks \n PL, \n \n \n McLean \n L, \n \n \n Newton J. \n Linear \n \n \n and volumetric airway changes after maxillomandibular advancement for obstructive sleep apnea. 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