{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:05:56Z","timestamp":1780067156690,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Treatment of hyperdivergent skeletal Class III malocclusion is challenging for orthodontists, and orthognathic-orthodontic treatment is usually required. This report presents the successful nonsurgical treatment of a 20-year-old man who had a skeletal Class III malocclusion with anterior open bite, anterior and posterior crossbite, hyperdivergent growth pattern, steep occlusal plane, early loss of three first molars, and an uncommon convex profile with a retruded chin. An orthodontic camouflage treatment plan was chosen based on the etiology and the patient's complaints. Tooth #37 was extracted. Miniscrews were used for uprighting and intruding of the lower molars, distalization of the lower dentition, and flattening of the occlusal plane. After 34 months of active treatment, Class I relationships, proper anterior overjet and overbite, flat occlusal plane, and an esthetic facial profile were achieved. The results demonstrated that the biomechanics involved in the nonsurgical treatment assisted with miniscrews to distalize the mandibular dentition and flatten the occlusal plane while keeping the mandibular plane stable was effective for treating this hyperdivergent skeletal Class III patient with a convex profile and anterior open bite.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/040521-272.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T13:41:45Z","timestamp":1638884505000},"page":"287-293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Nonsurgical treatment of a hyperdivergent skeletal Class III patient with mini-screw\u2013assisted mandibular dentition distalization and flattening of the occlusal plane"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Yiruo","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinghai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ding","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongwen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b01","series-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"144","article-title":"Prevalence of malocclusion in Chinese schoolchildren from 1991 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Xie\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Yang\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Wu\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Ren\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Prevalence of malocclusion in Chinese schoolchildren from 1991 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Paediatr Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t30:\n\t\t\t\t\t144\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t155."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"510","article-title":"Gender differences in Class III malocclusion","volume":"75","author":"Baccetti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baccetti\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Reyes\n              BC,\n            \n            \n              McNamara\n              JA,\n              Jr.\n            \n          \n          Gender differences in Class III malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t75:\n\t\t\t\t\t510\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t520."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"80","article-title":"Predictive variables for the outcome of early functional treatment of Class III malocclusion","volume":"112","author":"Franchi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Franchi\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Baccetti\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Tollaro\n              I.\n            \n          \n          Predictive variables for the outcome of early functional treatment of Class III malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t112:\n\t\t\t\t\t80\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t86."},{"issue":"(4 suppl)","key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S111","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of a patient with a Class III malocclusion","volume":"129","author":"Moullas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moullas\n              AT,\n            \n            \n              Palomo\n              JM,\n            \n            \n              Gass\n              JR,\n            \n            \n              Amberman\n              BD,\n            \n            \n              White\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Gustovich\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Nonsurgical treatment of a patient with a Class III malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t129(4 suppl):\n\t\t\t\t\tS111\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\tS118."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"102","article-title":"Adult patient with mandibular protrusion and unstable occlusion treated with titanium screw anchorage","volume":"133","author":"Sugawara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sugawara\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Kuroda\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Tamamura\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Adult patient with mandibular protrusion and unstable occlusion treated with titanium screw anchorage.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t133(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t102\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t111."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"157","article-title":"Skeletal Class lll severe openbite treatment using implant anchorage","volume":"78","author":"Sakai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sakai\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Kuroda\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Murshid\n              SA,\n            \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Skeletal Class lll severe openbite treatment using implant anchorage.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t78(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t157\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t166."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"317","article-title":"Early treatment of vertical skeletal dysplasia: the hyperdivergent phenotype","volume":"118","author":"Sankey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sankey\n              WL,\n            \n            \n              Buschang\n              PH,\n            \n            \n              English\n              J,\n              Iii\n            \n            AHO.\n          \n          Early treatment of vertical skeletal dysplasia: the hyperdivergent phenotype.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t118(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t317\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t327."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b08","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"265","article-title":"Maximum bite force, muscle efficiency and mechanical advantage in children with vertical growth patterns","volume":"25","author":"Garc\u00eda-Morales","year":"2003","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Morales\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Buschang\n              PH,\n            \n            \n              Throckmorton\n              GS,\n            \n            \n              English\n              JD.\n            \n          \n          Maximum bite force, muscle efficiency and mechanical advantage in children with vertical growth patterns.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t25:\n\t\t\t\t\t265\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t272."},{"issue":"(suppl 1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b09","series-title":"Aust Dent J","first-page":"78","article-title":"The mandibular muscles in contemporary orthodontic practice: a review","volume":"62","author":"Woods","year":"2017","unstructured":"Woods\n              MG.\n            \n          \n          The mandibular muscles in contemporary orthodontic practice: a review.\n\t\t\t\t\tAust Dent J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t62(suppl 1):\n\t\t\t\t\t78\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t85."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b10","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"47","article-title":"Evaluation of masseter muscle in different vertical skeletal patterns in growing patients","volume":"17","author":"Biondi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Biondi\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Lorusso\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Fastuca\n              R,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          Evaluation of masseter muscle in different vertical skeletal patterns in growing patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Paediatr Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t17:\n\t\t\t\t\t47\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t52."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S205","article-title":"Combined surgical-orthodontic treatment: how did it evolve and what are the best practices now?","volume":"147","author":"Proffit","year":"2015","unstructured":"Proffit\n              WR,\n            \n            \n              White\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Raymond\n              P.\n            \n          \n          Combined surgical-orthodontic treatment: how did it evolve and what are the best practices now?\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t147:\n\t\t\t\t\tS205\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\tS215."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"783","article-title":"Protraction of mandibular second and third molars into missing first molar spaces for a patient with an anterior open bite and anterior spacing","volume":"141","author":"Baik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baik\n              UB,\n            \n            \n              Chun\n              YS,\n            \n            \n              Jung\n              MH,\n            \n            \n              Sugawara\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Protraction of mandibular second and third molars into missing first molar spaces for a patient with an anterior open bite and anterior spacing.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t141:\n\t\t\t\t\t783\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t795."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"583","article-title":"Titanium screw anchorage for protraction of mandibular second molars into first molar extraction sites","volume":"134","author":"Nagaraj","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nagaraj\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Upadhyay\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Yadav\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Titanium screw anchorage for protraction of mandibular second molars into first molar extraction sites.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t134:\n\t\t\t\t\t583\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t591."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"869","article-title":"Treatment of an adult with several missing teeth and atrophic old mandibular first molar extraction sites","volume":"140","author":"Saga","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saga\n              AY,\n            \n            \n              Maruo\n              IT,\n            \n            \n              Maruo\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Guariza Filho\n              O,\n            \n            \n              Camargo\n              ES,\n            \n            \n              Tanaka\n              OM.\n            \n          \n          Treatment of an adult with several missing teeth and atrophic old mandibular first molar extraction sites.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t140:\n\t\t\t\t\t869\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t878."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"97","article-title":"Bimaxillary protrusion with an atrophic alveolar defect: orthodontics, autogenous chin-block graft, soft tissue augmentation, and an implant","volume":"147","author":"Chiu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chiu\n              GS,\n            \n            \n              Chang\n              CH,\n            \n            \n              Roberts\n              WE.\n            \n          \n          Bimaxillary protrusion with an atrophic alveolar defect: orthodontics, autogenous chin-block graft, soft tissue augmentation, and an implant.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t147:\n\t\t\t\t\t97\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t113."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"630","article-title":"Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with multiloop edgewise arch wire and modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implant anchorage","volume":"83","author":"He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Gao\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Wamalwa\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Wang\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Zou\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Chen\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with multiloop edgewise arch wire and modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implant anchorage.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t83:\n\t\t\t\t\t630\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t640."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"804","article-title":"Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with conventional orthodontic therapy","volume":"151","author":"Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park\n              JH,\n            \n            \n              Yu\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Bullen\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with conventional orthodontic therapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t151:\n\t\t\t\t\t804\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t811."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"943","article-title":"Biology of biomechanics: Finite element analysis of a statically determinate system to rotate the occlusal plane for correction of a skeletal Class III open-bite malocclusion","volume":"148","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roberts\n              WE,\n            \n            \n              Viecilli\n              RF,\n            \n            \n              Chang\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Katona\n              TR,\n            \n            \n              Paydare\n              NH.\n            \n          \n          Biology of biomechanics: Finite element analysis of a statically determinate system to rotate the occlusal plane for correction of a skeletal Class III open-bite malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t148:\n\t\t\t\t\t943\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t955."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"384","article-title":"Angle Class III malocclusion treated with mandibular first molar extractions","volume":"142","author":"Ruellas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ruellas\n              AC,\n            \n            \n              Baratieri\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Roma\n              MB,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          Angle Class III malocclusion treated with mandibular first molar extractions.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t142:\n\t\t\t\t\t384\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t392."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b20","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"29","article-title":"Expansion of maxillary arches with crossbite: a systematic review of RCTs in the last 12 years","volume":"35","author":"Zuccati","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zuccati\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Casci\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Doldo\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Clauser\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Expansion of maxillary arches with crossbite: a systematic review of RCTs in the last 12 years.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t35:\n\t\t\t\t\t29\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t37."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b21","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"212","article-title":"Skeletal Class III and anterior open bite treatment with different retention protocols: a report of three cases","volume":"39","author":"Farret","year":"2012","unstructured":"Farret\n              MM,\n            \n            \n              Farret\n              MM,\n            \n            \n              Farret\n              AM.\n            \n          \n          Skeletal Class III and anterior open bite treatment with different retention protocols: a report of three cases.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t39:\n\t\t\t\t\t212\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t223."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b22","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"53","article-title":"Treatment of Class III malocclusion: the key role of the occlusal plane","volume":"11","author":"Raymond","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raymond\n              JL,\n            \n            \n              Matern\n              O,\n            \n            \n              Grollemund\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Bacon\n              W.\n            \n          \n          Treatment of Class III malocclusion: the key role of the occlusal plane.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t11:\n\t\t\t\t\t53\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t61."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b23","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofacial Surg","first-page":"107","article-title":"Changes in tongue and hyoid positions, and posterior airway space following mandibular setback surgery","volume":"33","author":"Kawakami","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kawakami\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Yamamoto\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Fujimoto\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Ohgi\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Inoue\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Kirita\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Changes in tongue and hyoid positions, and posterior airway space following mandibular setback surgery.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Craniomaxillofacial Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t33(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t107\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t110."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b01","series-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"144","article-title":"Prevalence of malocclusion in Chinese schoolchildren from 1991 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Xie\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Yang\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Wu\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Ren\n              A.\n            \n          \n          Prevalence of malocclusion in Chinese schoolchildren from 1991 to 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\n\t\t\t\t\tInt J Paediatr Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2019;\n\t\t\t\t\t30:\n\t\t\t\t\t144\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t155."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"510","article-title":"Gender differences in Class III malocclusion","volume":"75","author":"Baccetti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baccetti\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Reyes\n              BC,\n            \n            \n              McNamara\n              JA,\n              Jr.\n            \n          \n          Gender differences in Class III malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t75:\n\t\t\t\t\t510\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t520."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"80","article-title":"Predictive variables for the outcome of early functional treatment of Class III malocclusion","volume":"112","author":"Franchi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Franchi\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Baccetti\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Tollaro\n              I.\n            \n          \n          Predictive variables for the outcome of early functional treatment of Class III malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t1997;\n\t\t\t\t\t112:\n\t\t\t\t\t80\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t86."},{"issue":"(4 suppl)","key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S111","article-title":"Nonsurgical treatment of a patient with a Class III malocclusion","volume":"129","author":"Moullas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moullas\n              AT,\n            \n            \n              Palomo\n              JM,\n            \n            \n              Gass\n              JR,\n            \n            \n              Amberman\n              BD,\n            \n            \n              White\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Gustovich\n              D.\n            \n          \n          Nonsurgical treatment of a patient with a Class III malocclusion.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2006;\n\t\t\t\t\t129(4 suppl):\n\t\t\t\t\tS111\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\tS118."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"102","article-title":"Adult patient with mandibular protrusion and unstable occlusion treated with titanium screw anchorage","volume":"133","author":"Sugawara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sugawara\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Kuroda\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Tamamura\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Adult patient with mandibular protrusion and unstable occlusion treated with titanium screw anchorage.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t133(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t102\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t111."},{"issue":"(1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"157","article-title":"Skeletal Class lll severe openbite treatment using implant anchorage","volume":"78","author":"Sakai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sakai\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Kuroda\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Murshid\n              SA,\n            \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Skeletal Class lll severe openbite treatment using implant anchorage.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t78(1):\n\t\t\t\t\t157\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t166."},{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"317","article-title":"Early treatment of vertical skeletal dysplasia: the hyperdivergent phenotype","volume":"118","author":"Sankey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sankey\n              WL,\n            \n            \n              Buschang\n              PH,\n            \n            \n              English\n              J,\n              Iii\n            \n            AHO.\n          \n          Early treatment of vertical skeletal dysplasia: the hyperdivergent phenotype.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2000;\n\t\t\t\t\t118(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t317\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t327."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b08","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"265","article-title":"Maximum bite force, muscle efficiency and mechanical advantage in children with vertical growth patterns","volume":"25","author":"Garc\u00eda-Morales","year":"2003","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Morales\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Buschang\n              PH,\n            \n            \n              Throckmorton\n              GS,\n            \n            \n              English\n              JD.\n            \n          \n          Maximum bite force, muscle efficiency and mechanical advantage in children with vertical growth patterns.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod2003;\n\t\t\t\t\t25:\n\t\t\t\t\t265\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t272."},{"issue":"(suppl 1)","key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b09","series-title":"Aust Dent J","first-page":"78","article-title":"The mandibular muscles in contemporary orthodontic practice: a review","volume":"62","author":"Woods","year":"2017","unstructured":"Woods\n              MG.\n            \n          \n          The mandibular muscles in contemporary orthodontic practice: a review.\n\t\t\t\t\tAust Dent J.\n\t\t\t\t\t2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t62(suppl 1):\n\t\t\t\t\t78\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t85."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b10","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"47","article-title":"Evaluation of masseter muscle in different vertical skeletal patterns in growing patients","volume":"17","author":"Biondi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Biondi\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Lorusso\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Fastuca\n              R,\n            \n            et al.\n          \n          Evaluation of masseter muscle in different vertical skeletal patterns in growing patients.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Paediatr Dent.\n\t\t\t\t\t2016;\n\t\t\t\t\t17:\n\t\t\t\t\t47\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t52."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"S205","article-title":"Combined surgical-orthodontic treatment: how did it evolve and what are the best practices now?","volume":"147","author":"Proffit","year":"2015","unstructured":"Proffit\n              WR,\n            \n            \n              White\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Raymond\n              P.\n            \n          \n          Combined surgical-orthodontic treatment: how did it evolve and what are the best practices now?\n          \n            Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          .\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t147:\n\t\t\t\t\tS205\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\tS215."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"783","article-title":"Protraction of mandibular second and third molars into missing first molar spaces for a patient with an anterior open bite and anterior spacing","volume":"141","author":"Baik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baik\n              UB,\n            \n            \n              Chun\n              YS,\n            \n            \n              Jung\n              MH,\n            \n            \n              Sugawara\n              J.\n            \n          \n          Protraction of mandibular second and third molars into missing first molar spaces for a patient with an anterior open bite and anterior spacing.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t141:\n\t\t\t\t\t783\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t795."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"583","article-title":"Titanium screw anchorage for protraction of mandibular second molars into first molar extraction sites","volume":"134","author":"Nagaraj","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nagaraj\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Upadhyay\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Yadav\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Titanium screw anchorage for protraction of mandibular second molars into first molar extraction sites.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2008;\n\t\t\t\t\t134:\n\t\t\t\t\t583\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t591."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"869","article-title":"Treatment of an adult with several missing teeth and atrophic old mandibular first molar extraction sites","volume":"140","author":"Saga","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saga\n              AY,\n            \n            \n              Maruo\n              IT,\n            \n            \n              Maruo\n              H,\n            \n            \n              Guariza Filho\n              O,\n            \n            \n              Camargo\n              ES,\n            \n            \n              Tanaka\n              OM.\n            \n          \n          Treatment of an adult with several missing teeth and atrophic old mandibular first molar extraction sites.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2011;\n\t\t\t\t\t140:\n\t\t\t\t\t869\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t878."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"97","article-title":"Bimaxillary protrusion with an atrophic alveolar defect: orthodontics, autogenous chin-block graft, soft tissue augmentation, and an implant","volume":"147","author":"Chiu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chiu\n              GS,\n            \n            \n              Chang\n              CH,\n            \n            \n              Roberts\n              WE.\n            \n          \n          Bimaxillary protrusion with an atrophic alveolar defect: orthodontics, autogenous chin-block graft, soft tissue augmentation, and an implant.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop.\n\t\t\t\t\t2015;\n\t\t\t\t\t147:\n\t\t\t\t\t97\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t113."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"630","article-title":"Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with multiloop edgewise arch wire and modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implant anchorage","volume":"83","author":"He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Gao\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Wamalwa\n              P,\n            \n            \n              Wang\n              Y,\n            \n            \n              Zou\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Chen\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with multiloop edgewise arch wire and modified Class III elastics by maxillary mini-implant anchorage.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t83:\n\t\t\t\t\t630\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t640."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"804","article-title":"Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with conventional orthodontic therapy","volume":"151","author":"Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park\n              JH,\n            \n            \n              Yu\n              J,\n            \n            \n              Bullen\n              R.\n            \n          \n          Camouflage treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion with conventional orthodontic therapy.\n\t\t\t\t\tAm J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2017;\n\t\t\t\t\t151:\n\t\t\t\t\t804\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t811."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"943","article-title":"Biology of biomechanics: Finite element analysis of a statically determinate system to rotate the occlusal plane for correction of a skeletal Class III open-bite malocclusion","volume":"148","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roberts\n              WE,\n            \n            \n              Viecilli\n              RF,\n            \n            \n              Chang\n              C,\n            \n            \n              Katona\n              TR,\n            \n            \n              Paydare\n              NH.\n            \n          \n          Biology of biomechanics: Finite element analysis of a statically determinate system to rotate the occlusal plane for correction of a skeletal Class 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12 years","volume":"35","author":"Zuccati","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zuccati\n              G,\n            \n            \n              Casci\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Doldo\n              T,\n            \n            \n              Clauser\n              C.\n            \n          \n          Expansion of maxillary arches with crossbite: a systematic review of RCTs in the last 12 years.\n\t\t\t\t\tEur J Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2013;\n\t\t\t\t\t35:\n\t\t\t\t\t29\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t37."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b21","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"212","article-title":"Skeletal Class III and anterior open bite treatment with different retention protocols: a report of three cases","volume":"39","author":"Farret","year":"2012","unstructured":"Farret\n              MM,\n            \n            \n              Farret\n              MM,\n            \n            \n              Farret\n              AM.\n            \n          \n          Skeletal Class III and anterior open bite treatment with different retention protocols: a report of three cases.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2012;\n\t\t\t\t\t39:\n\t\t\t\t\t212\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t223."},{"key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b22","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"53","article-title":"Treatment of Class III malocclusion: the key role of the occlusal plane","volume":"11","author":"Raymond","year":"2010","unstructured":"Raymond\n              JL,\n            \n            \n              Matern\n              O,\n            \n            \n              Grollemund\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Bacon\n              W.\n            \n          \n          Treatment of Class III malocclusion: the key role of the occlusal plane.\n\t\t\t\t\tProg Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t2010;\n\t\t\t\t\t11:\n\t\t\t\t\t53\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t61."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-92-2-287-b23","series-title":"J Craniomaxillofacial Surg","first-page":"107","article-title":"Changes in tongue and hyoid positions, and posterior airway space following mandibular setback surgery","volume":"33","author":"Kawakami","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kawakami\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Yamamoto\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Fujimoto\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Ohgi\n              K,\n            \n            \n              Inoue\n              M,\n            \n            \n              Kirita\n              T.\n            \n          \n          Changes in tongue and hyoid positions, and posterior airway space following mandibular setback surgery.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Craniomaxillofacial Surg.\n\t\t\t\t\t2005;\n\t\t\t\t\t33(2):\n\t\t\t\t\t107\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t110."}],"container-title":["The Angle 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