{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:25:25Z","timestamp":1790627125358,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the retromolar space available for molar distalization in patients with mandibular prognathism.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Using cone-beam computed tomography, the posterior mandibular dimensions in 110 consecutive patients with Class I or Class III malocclusion were measured (mean age, 27.0 \u00b1 7.1 years). The shortest linear distances from the distal root of the right mandibular second molar to the inner border of the mandibular cortex were measured at the level of root furcation and 2, 4, and 6 mm apical to the furcation along the sagittal line and the posterior line of occlusion. The retromolar distances were compared between the Class I and Class III malocclusion groups using general linear mixed models.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The retromolar space measured through the sagittal line showed no significant intergroup difference. Among the distances measured through the posterior line of occlusion, the space measured at depths 0 and 2 mm to the furcation were significantly greater in the Class III group than in the Class I group.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Patients with Class III malocclusion have greater retromolar space for mandibular molar distalization along the posterior line of occlusion only at the level of the second molar furcation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/040617-237.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,26]],"date-time":"2017-09-26T13:23:32Z","timestamp":1506432212000},"page":"52-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Bone availability for mandibular molar distalization in adults with mandibular prognathism"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Young Tak","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair, Department of Orthodontics, S-Dain Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Ji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Sook","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Medical Statistics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Yul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b01","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics","first-page":"167","article-title":"Orthodontic diagnosis: the development problem list","author":"Proffit \n W,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Proffit \n W, \n \n \n Fields \n H, \n \n \n Sarver \n D. \n \n \n Orthodontic diagnosis: the development problem list. In: Proffit W, Fields H, Sarver D, eds. Contemporary Orthodontics. St Louis, Mo: Mosby;2013:167\u2013233."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Class III camouflage treatment: what are the limits?","volume":"137","author":"Burns \n NR,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burns \n NR, \n \n \n Musich \n DR, \n \n \n Martin \n C, \n \n \n Razmus \n T, \n \n \n Gunel \n E, \n \n \n Ngan \n P. \n \n \n Class III camouflage treatment: what are the limits?\n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:e1\u2013e13."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b03","series-title":"Aust Orthod J","first-page":"138","article-title":"A study of Class III treatment: orthodontic camouflage vs. orthognathic surgery","volume":"31","author":"Georgalis \n K,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Georgalis \n K, \n \n \n Woods \n MG. \n \n \n A study of Class III treatment: orthodontic camouflage vs. orthognathic surgery. Aust Orthod J. 2015;31:138\u2013148."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"190","article-title":"Mandibular posterior anatomic limit for molar distalization","volume":"146","author":"Kim \n SJ,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim \n SJ, \n \n \n Choi \n TH, \n \n \n Baik \n HS, \n \n \n Park \n YC, \n \n \n Lee \n KJ. \n \n \n Mandibular posterior anatomic limit for molar distalization. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:190\u2013197."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b05","series-title":"Head Neck","first-page":"E638","article-title":"Measurement of retromolar space dimensions using dental pantomograms for intubation feasibility","volume":"38","author":"Truong \n AT,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Truong \n AT, \n \n \n Ahmad \n B, \n \n \n Cata \n JP, \n \n \n Martin \n JW, \n \n \n Truong \n DT, \n \n \n Rahlfs \n TF. \n \n \n Measurement of retromolar space dimensions using dental pantomograms for intubation feasibility. Head Neck. 2016;38(suppl 1):E638\u2013E642."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b06","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"570","article-title":"Mandibular third molar space in different antero-posterior skeletal patterns","volume":"33","author":"Abu Alhaija \n ES,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abu Alhaija \n ES, \n \n \n AlBhairan \n HM, \n \n \n AlKhateeb \n SN. \n \n \n Mandibular third molar space in different antero-posterior skeletal patterns. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:570\u2013576."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"572","article-title":"Effect of premolar extraction on mandibular third molar impaction in young adults","volume":"83","author":"Turkoz \n C,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Turkoz \n C, \n \n \n Ulusoy \n C. \n \n \n Effect of premolar extraction on mandibular third molar impaction in young adults. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:572\u2013577."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b08","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"e76","article-title":"Retromolar space analysis in relation to selected linear and angular measurements for an Iraqi sample","volume":"104","author":"Uthman \n AT.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Uthman \n AT. \n \n \n Retromolar space analysis in relation to selected linear and angular measurements for an Iraqi sample. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104:e76\u2013e82."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b09","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants","first-page":"1287","article-title":"Accuracy of linear measurements using cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography in dental implant treatment planning","volume":"30","author":"Luangchana \n P,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luangchana \n P, \n \n \n Pornprasertsuk-Damrongsri \n S, \n \n \n Kiattavorncharoen \n S, \n \n \n Jirajariyavej \n B. \n \n \n Accuracy of linear measurements using cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography in dental implant treatment planning. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2015;30:1287\u20131294."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b10","series-title":"J Int Oral Health","first-page":"35","article-title":"Assessment of image distortion from head rotation in lateral cephalometry","volume":"7","author":"Gaddam \n R,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gaddam \n R, \n \n \n Shashikumar \n HC, \n \n \n Lokesh \n NK, \n \n \n Suma \n T, \n \n \n Arya \n S, \n \n \n Shwetha \n GS. \n \n \n Assessment of image distortion from head rotation in lateral cephalometry. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7:35\u201340."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"190","article-title":"Cortical bone thickness of the alveolar process measured with cone-beam computed tomography in patients with different facial types","volume":"143","author":"Ozdemir \n F,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ozdemir \n F, \n \n \n Tozlu \n M, \n \n \n Germec-Cakan \n D. \n \n \n Cortical bone thickness of the alveolar process measured with cone-beam computed tomography in patients with different facial types. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;143:190\u2013196."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b12","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"609","article-title":"Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging of the oral and maxillofacial region: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"38","author":"De Vos \n W,","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Vos \n W, \n \n \n Casselman \n J, \n \n \n Swennen \n GR. \n \n \n Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging of the oral and maxillofacial region: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;38:609\u2013625."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b13","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"7","article-title":"Dentoalveolar Class III treatment using retromolar miniscrew anchorage","volume":"14","author":"Poletti \n L,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Poletti \n L, \n \n \n Silvera \n AA, \n \n \n Ghislanzoni \n LTH. \n \n \n Dentoalveolar Class III treatment using retromolar miniscrew anchorage. Prog Orthod. 2013;14:7."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"364","article-title":"Distalization of the mandibular dentition with a ramal plate for skeletal Class III malocclusion correction","volume":"150","author":"Kook \n Y-A,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kook \n Y-A, \n \n \n Park \n JH, \n \n \n Bayome \n M, \n \n \n Kim \n S, \n \n \n Han \n E, \n \n \n Kim \n CH. \n \n \n Distalization of the mandibular dentition with a ramal plate for skeletal Class III malocclusion correction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;150:364\u2013377."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b15","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"212","article-title":"Treatment effects of mandibular total arch distalization using a ramal plate","volume":"46","author":"Yu \n J,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu \n J, \n \n \n Park \n JH, \n \n \n Bayome \n M, \n \n et al. \n Treatment effects of mandibular total arch distalization using a ramal plate. Korean J Orthod. 2016;46:212\u2013219."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"877","article-title":"Nonsurgical correction of a Class III malocclusion in an adult by miniscrew-assisted mandibular dentition distalization","volume":"143","author":"Jing \n Y,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jing \n Y, \n \n \n Han \n X, \n \n \n Guo \n Y, \n \n \n Li \n J, \n \n \n Bai \n D. \n \n \n Nonsurgical correction of a Class III malocclusion in an adult by miniscrew-assisted mandibular dentition distalization. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;143:877\u2013887."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b01","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics","first-page":"167","article-title":"Orthodontic diagnosis: the development problem list","author":"Proffit \n W,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Proffit \n W, \n \n \n Fields \n H, \n \n \n Sarver \n D. \n \n \n Orthodontic diagnosis: the development problem list. In: Proffit W, Fields H, Sarver D, eds. Contemporary Orthodontics. St Louis, Mo: Mosby;2013:167\u2013233."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Class III camouflage treatment: what are the limits?","volume":"137","author":"Burns \n NR,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burns \n NR, \n \n \n Musich \n DR, \n \n \n Martin \n C, \n \n \n Razmus \n T, \n \n \n Gunel \n E, \n \n \n Ngan \n P. \n \n \n Class III camouflage treatment: what are the limits?\n Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137:e1\u2013e13."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b03","series-title":"Aust Orthod J","first-page":"138","article-title":"A study of Class III treatment: orthodontic camouflage vs. orthognathic surgery","volume":"31","author":"Georgalis \n K,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Georgalis \n K, \n \n \n Woods \n MG. \n \n \n A study of Class III treatment: orthodontic camouflage vs. orthognathic surgery. Aust Orthod J. 2015;31:138\u2013148."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"190","article-title":"Mandibular posterior anatomic limit for molar distalization","volume":"146","author":"Kim \n SJ,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim \n SJ, \n \n \n Choi \n TH, \n \n \n Baik \n HS, \n \n \n Park \n YC, \n \n \n Lee \n KJ. \n \n \n Mandibular posterior anatomic limit for molar distalization. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:190\u2013197."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b05","series-title":"Head Neck","first-page":"E638","article-title":"Measurement of retromolar space dimensions using dental pantomograms for intubation feasibility","volume":"38","author":"Truong \n AT,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Truong \n AT, \n \n \n Ahmad \n B, \n \n \n Cata \n JP, \n \n \n Martin \n JW, \n \n \n Truong \n DT, \n \n \n Rahlfs \n TF. \n \n \n Measurement of retromolar space dimensions using dental pantomograms for intubation feasibility. Head Neck. 2016;38(suppl 1):E638\u2013E642."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b06","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"570","article-title":"Mandibular third molar space in different antero-posterior skeletal patterns","volume":"33","author":"Abu Alhaija \n ES,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abu Alhaija \n ES, \n \n \n AlBhairan \n HM, \n \n \n AlKhateeb \n SN. \n \n \n Mandibular third molar space in different antero-posterior skeletal patterns. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:570\u2013576."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b07","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"572","article-title":"Effect of premolar extraction on mandibular third molar impaction in young adults","volume":"83","author":"Turkoz \n C,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Turkoz \n C, \n \n \n Ulusoy \n C. \n \n \n Effect of premolar extraction on mandibular third molar impaction in young adults. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:572\u2013577."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b08","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"e76","article-title":"Retromolar space analysis in relation to selected linear and angular measurements for an Iraqi sample","volume":"104","author":"Uthman \n AT.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Uthman \n AT. \n \n \n Retromolar space analysis in relation to selected linear and angular measurements for an Iraqi sample. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;104:e76\u2013e82."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b09","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants","first-page":"1287","article-title":"Accuracy of linear measurements using cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography in dental implant treatment planning","volume":"30","author":"Luangchana \n P,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luangchana \n P, \n \n \n Pornprasertsuk-Damrongsri \n S, \n \n \n Kiattavorncharoen \n S, \n \n \n Jirajariyavej \n B. \n \n \n Accuracy of linear measurements using cone beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography in dental implant treatment planning. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2015;30:1287\u20131294."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b10","series-title":"J Int Oral Health","first-page":"35","article-title":"Assessment of image distortion from head rotation in lateral cephalometry","volume":"7","author":"Gaddam \n R,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gaddam \n R, \n \n \n Shashikumar \n HC, \n \n \n Lokesh \n NK, \n \n \n Suma \n T, \n \n \n Arya \n S, \n \n \n Shwetha \n GS. \n \n \n Assessment of image distortion from head rotation in lateral cephalometry. J Int Oral Health. 2015;7:35\u201340."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"190","article-title":"Cortical bone thickness of the alveolar process measured with cone-beam computed tomography in patients with different facial types","volume":"143","author":"Ozdemir \n F,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ozdemir \n F, \n \n \n Tozlu \n M, \n \n \n Germec-Cakan \n D. \n \n \n Cortical bone thickness of the alveolar process measured with cone-beam computed tomography in patients with different facial types. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;143:190\u2013196."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b12","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"609","article-title":"Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging of the oral and maxillofacial region: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"38","author":"De Vos \n W,","year":"2009","unstructured":"De Vos \n W, \n \n \n Casselman \n J, \n \n \n Swennen \n GR. \n \n \n Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging of the oral and maxillofacial region: a systematic review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;38:609\u2013625."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b13","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"7","article-title":"Dentoalveolar Class III treatment using retromolar miniscrew anchorage","volume":"14","author":"Poletti \n L,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Poletti \n L, \n \n \n Silvera \n AA, \n \n \n Ghislanzoni \n LTH. \n \n \n Dentoalveolar Class III treatment using retromolar miniscrew anchorage. Prog Orthod. 2013;14:7."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"364","article-title":"Distalization of the mandibular dentition with a ramal plate for skeletal Class III malocclusion correction","volume":"150","author":"Kook \n Y-A,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kook \n Y-A, \n \n \n Park \n JH, \n \n \n Bayome \n M, \n \n \n Kim \n S, \n \n \n Han \n E, \n \n \n Kim \n CH. \n \n \n Distalization of the mandibular dentition with a ramal plate for skeletal Class III malocclusion correction. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2016;150:364\u2013377."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b15","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"212","article-title":"Treatment effects of mandibular total arch distalization using a ramal plate","volume":"46","author":"Yu \n J,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yu \n J, \n \n \n Park \n JH, \n \n \n Bayome \n M, \n \n et al. \n Treatment effects of mandibular total arch distalization using a ramal plate. Korean J Orthod. 2016;46:212\u2013219."},{"key":"i0003-3219-88-1-52-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"877","article-title":"Nonsurgical correction of a Class III malocclusion in an adult by miniscrew-assisted mandibular dentition distalization","volume":"143","author":"Jing \n Y,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jing \n Y, \n \n \n Han \n X, \n \n \n Guo \n Y, \n \n \n Li \n J, \n \n \n Bai \n D. \n \n \n Nonsurgical correction of a Class III malocclusion in an adult by miniscrew-assisted mandibular dentition distalization. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;143:877\u2013887."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/88\/1\/article-p52.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/88\/1\/52\/1395022\/040617-237_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/88\/1\/article-p52.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/88\/1\/article-p52.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:15:58Z","timestamp":1780067758000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/88\/1\/article-p52.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/040617-237.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]}}}