{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T06:55:36Z","timestamp":1791615336906,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>To assess the scientific evidence of the influence of some variables on smile attractiveness: orthodontic treatment, midline position, axial midline angulation, buccal corridor, and smile arc.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Literature was searched through PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and All EBM Reviews. The inclusion criteria consisted of studies written in English; published in the past three decades; concerning the influence of orthodontic treatment, midline position, axial midline angulation, buccal corridor, and smile arc on smile esthetics; and judged by a minimum of 10 raters. Quality features evaluated were adequate description of samples, absence of confounding factors, and description of methods used to evaluate the smiles and statistical analyses.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Initially, 203 articles were retrieved. Of these, 20 abstracts met the initial inclusion criteria and were selected. Thirteen articles were classified as high quality, seven as average, and none as low quality.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>\n        <jats:sec>\n          <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Four-premolar extraction or nonextraction treatment protocols seem to have no predictable effect on overall smile esthetics, meaning that if well indicated, extraction in orthodontics does not necessarily have a deleterious effect on facial esthetics. The selected articles recommend that a small dental midline deviation of 2.2\u00a0mm can be considered acceptable by both orthodontists and laypeople, whereas an axial midline angulation of 10\u00b0 (2\u00a0mm measured from the midline papilla and the incisal edges of the incisors) is already very apparent, and considering studies dealing with real smiles, buccal corridor sizes and smile arc alone do not seem to affect smile attractiveness.<\/jats:p>\n        <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/040710-195.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,11]],"date-time":"2010-10-11T19:27:24Z","timestamp":1286825244000},"page":"153-161","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Influence of orthodontic treatment, midline position, buccal corridor and smile arc on smile attractiveness"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Janson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuria Castello","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thais Maria Freire","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Sathler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Garib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Roberto Pereira","family":"Lauris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"8","article-title":"Smile esthetics: perception and comparison of treated and untreated smiles.","volume":"129","author":"Isiksal, E.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Isiksal, E., S.Hazar, and S.Akyalcin. Smile esthetics: perception and comparison of treated and untreated smiles.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2006. 129:8\u201316."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b02","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"15","article-title":"The acceptability of variations in smile arc and buccal corridor space.","volume":"10","author":"Parekh, S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Parekh, S., H. W.Fields, F. M.Beck, and S. F.Rosenstiel. The acceptability of variations in smile arc and buccal corridor space.Orthod Craniofac Res2007. 10:15\u201321."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b03","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"146","article-title":"Evaluation of dental midline position.","volume":"4","author":"Beyer, J. W.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Beyer, J. W. and S. J.Lindauer. Evaluation of dental midline position.Semin Orthod1998. 4:146\u2013152."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b04","series-title":"World J Orthod","first-page":"132","article-title":"Changes in smile parameters as perceived by orthodontists, dentists, artists, and laypeople.","volume":"9","author":"Gul-e-Erum,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gul-e-Erum,  and M.Fida. Changes in smile parameters as perceived by orthodontists, dentists, artists, and laypeople.World J Orthod2008. 9:132\u2013140."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"162","article-title":"Smile esthetics after orthodontic treatment with and without extraction of four first premolars.","volume":"108","author":"Johnson, D. K.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Johnson, D. K. and R. J.Smith. Smile esthetics after orthodontic treatment with and without extraction of four first premolars.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1995. 108:162\u2013167."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b06","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"517","article-title":"The influence of dental to facial midline discrepancies on dental attractiveness ratings.","volume":"21","author":"Johnston, C. D.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Johnston, C. D., D. J.Burden, and M. R.Stevenson. The influence of dental to facial midline discrepancies on dental attractiveness ratings.Eur J Orthod1999. 21:517\u2013522."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b07","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"1318","article-title":"Esthetics and smile characteristics from the layperson's perspective: a computer-based survey study.","volume":"139","author":"Ker, A. J.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ker, A. J., R.Chan, H. W.Fields, M.Beck, and S.Rosenstiel. Esthetics and smile characteristics from the layperson's perspective: a computer-based survey study.J Am Dent Assoc2008. 139:1318\u20131327."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"354","article-title":"Extraction vs nonextraction: arch widths and smile esthetics.","volume":"73","author":"Kim, E.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kim, E. and A. A.Gianelly. Extraction vs nonextraction: arch widths and smile esthetics.Angle Orthod2003. 73:354\u2013358."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b09","series-title":"J Esthet Dent","first-page":"311","article-title":"Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics.","volume":"11","author":"Kokich\n              Jr, V. O.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kokich\n              Jr, V. O., H. A.Kiyak, and P. A.Shapiro. Comparing the perception of dentists and lay people to altered dental esthetics.J Esthet Dent1999. 11:311\u2013324."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"748","article-title":"Impact of dental asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics.","volume":"132","author":"Pinho, S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pinho, S., C.Ciriaco, J.Faber, and M.Lenza. Impact of dental asymmetries on the perception of smile esthetics.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2007. 132:748\u2013753."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"634","article-title":"The perception of smile attractiveness.","volume":"79","author":"Rodrigues, C. D.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rodrigues, C. D., R.Magnani, M. S.Machado, and O. B.Oliveira. The perception of smile attractiveness.Angle Orthod2009. 79:634\u2013639."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b12","series-title":"Aust Orthod J","first-page":"91","article-title":"Are ratings of dentofacial attractiveness influenced by dentofacial midline discrepancies?","volume":"24","author":"Shyagali, T. R.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shyagali, T. R., B.Chandralekha, D. P.Bhayya, S.Kumar, and G.Balasubramanyam. Are ratings of dentofacial attractiveness influenced by dentofacial midline discrepancies?Aust Orthod J2008. 24:91\u201395."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"359","article-title":"The effect of axial midline angulation on dental esthetics.","volume":"73","author":"Thomas, J. L.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Thomas, J. L., C.Hayes, and S.Zawaydeh. The effect of axial midline angulation on dental esthetics.Angle Orthod2003. 73:359\u2013364."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b14","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"56","article-title":"The smile buccal corridors: aesthetic value for dentists and laypersons.","volume":"7","author":"Gracco, A.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gracco, A., M.Cozzani, L.D'Elia, M.Manfrini, and C. G. S.Peverada. The smile buccal corridors: aesthetic value for dentists and laypersons.Prog Orthod2006. 7:56\u201365."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"628","article-title":"Effects of buccal corridors on smile esthetics in Japanese.","volume":"79","author":"Ioi, H.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ioi, H., S.Nakata, and A. L.Counts. Effects of buccal corridors on smile esthetics in Japanese.Angle Orthod2009. 79:628\u2013633."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b16","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"530","article-title":"The impact of buccal corridors on smile attractiveness.","volume":"29","author":"Martin, A.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Martin, A., P.Buschang, J.Boley, R.Taylor, and T.McKinney. The impact of buccal corridors on smile attractiveness.Eur J Orthod2007. 29:530\u2013537."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"491","article-title":"Hard- and soft-tissue contributions to the esthetics of the posed smile in growing patients seeking orthodontic treatment.","volume":"133","author":"McNamara, L.","year":"2008","unstructured":"McNamara, L., J. A.McNamaraJr, M. B.Ackerman, and T.Baccetti. Hard- and soft-tissue contributions to the esthetics of the posed smile in growing patients seeking orthodontic treatment.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2008. 133:491\u2013499."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"208","article-title":"Buccal corridors and smile esthetics.","volume":"127","author":"Moore, T.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moore, T., K. A.Southard, J. S.Casko, F.Qian, and T. E.Southard. Buccal corridors and smile esthetics.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2005. 127:208\u2013213."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"557","article-title":"Attractiveness of variations in the smile arc and buccal corridor space as judged by orthodontists and laymen.","volume":"76","author":"Parekh, S. M.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Parekh, S. M., H. W.Fields, M.Beck, and S.Rosenstiel. Attractiveness of variations in the smile arc and buccal corridor space as judged by orthodontists and laymen.Angle Orthod2006. 76:557\u2013563."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"343","article-title":"The effects of buccal corridor spaces and arch form on smile esthetics.","volume":"127","author":"Roden-Johnson, D.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roden-Johnson, D., R.Gallerano, and J.English. The effects of buccal corridor spaces and arch form on smile esthetics.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2005. 127:343\u2013350."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b21","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"345","article-title":"Esthetics: a comparison of dentists' and patients' concepts.","volume":"100","author":"Brisman, A. S.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Brisman, A. 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The midline: diagnosis and treatment.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1990. 97:453\u2013462."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b24","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"358","article-title":"The principles of visual perception and their clinical application to denture esthetics.","volume":"29","author":"Lombardi, R. E.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Lombardi, R. E.\n          \n          The principles of visual perception and their clinical application to denture esthetics.\n          J Prosthet Dent\n          1973. 29:358\u2013382."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b25","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"89E","article-title":"The beauty of the face: an orthodontic perspective.","volume":"Spec No","author":"Dierkes, J. M.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Dierkes, J. M.\n          \n          The beauty of the face: an orthodontic perspective.\n          J Am Dent Assoc\n          1987. Spec No:89E\u201395E."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b26","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"558","article-title":"The dynesthetic interpretation of the dentogenic concept.","volume":"8","author":"Frush, J. O.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Frush, J. O. and R. D.Fisher. The dynesthetic interpretation of the dentogenic concept.J Prosthet Dent1958. 8:558\u2013582."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b27","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"98","article-title":"The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc.","volume":"120","author":"Sarver, D. M.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sarver, D. M.\n          \n          The importance of incisor positioning in the esthetic smile: the smile arc.\n          Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          2001. 120:98\u2013111."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b28","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"340","article-title":"Methods used to evaluate growth modification in Class II malocclusion.","volume":"98","author":"Tulloch, J. F.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Tulloch, J. F., W.Medland, and O. C.Tuncay. Methods used to evaluate growth modification in Class II malocclusion.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1990. 98:340\u2013347."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b29","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"141","article-title":"Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations.","volume":"130","author":"Kokich, V. O.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kokich, V. O., V. G.Kokich, and H. A.Kiyak. Perceptions of dental professionals and laypersons to altered dental esthetics: asymmetric and symmetric situations.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2006. 130:141\u2013151."},{"key":"i0003-3219-81-1-153-b30","series-title":"J Esthet Dent","first-page":"76","article-title":"Esthetic preference of the frontal and profile views of the same smile.","volume":"9","author":"Kerns, L. L.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kerns, L. L., A. M.Silveira, D. G.Kerns, and F. J.Regennitter. Esthetic preference of the frontal and profile views of the same smile.J Esthet Dent1997. 9:76\u201385."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/81\/1\/article-p153.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/81\/1\/article-p153.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/81\/1\/article-p153.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:52:05Z","timestamp":1747356725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/81\/1\/article-p153.xml"}},"subtitle":["A systematic review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/040710-195.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}}}