{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:35:39Z","timestamp":1790134539706,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To test the null hypothesis that the presence of dehiscence and fenestration was not different among patients with skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this retrospective study, a total of 123 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained with an iCAT scanner (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, Pa). Patients with normal vertical patterns were classified according to dental malocclusion and ANB angle. Class I comprised 41 patients\u201421 girls and 20 boys (mean age, 22.4 \u00b1 4.5\u00a0years); Class II comprised 42 patients\u201422 girls and 20 boys (mean age, 21.5 \u00b1 4.2\u00a0years); and Class III comprised 40 subjects\u201422 girls and 18 boys (mean age, 22.1 \u00b1 4.5\u00a0years). A total of 3444 teeth were evaluated. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test were used for statistical comparisons at the\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .05 level.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Statistical analysis indicated that the Class II group had a greater prevalence of fenestration than the other groups (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .001). No difference was found in the prevalence of dehiscence among the three groups. Although fenestration had greater prevalence in the maxilla, more dehiscence was found in the mandible for all groups. In Class I, alveolar defects (dehiscence, fenestration) were matched relatively in both jaws. Furthermore, Class II and Class III subjects had more alveolar defects (41.11% and 45.02%, respectively) in the mandible. Dehiscences were seen with greater frequency in the mandibular incisors of all groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The null hypothesis was rejected. Significant differences in the presence of fenestration were found among subjects with skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. Fenestrations had greater prevalence in the maxilla, but more dehiscences were found in the mandible.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/040811-250.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,22]],"date-time":"2011-06-22T14:59:23Z","timestamp":1308754763000},"page":"67-74","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Dehiscence and fenestration in skeletal Class I, II, and III malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Yagci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130lknur","family":"Veli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tancan","family":"Uysal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Department Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey, and Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faruk Izzet","family":"Ucar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00f6r\u00fcn","family":"Ozer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukru","family":"Enhos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"244","article-title":"Effects of force magnitude and direction of tooth movement on different alveolar bone types.","volume":"34","author":"Reitan, K.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Reitan, K.\n          \n          Effects of force magnitude and direction of tooth movement on different alveolar bone types.\n          Angle Orthod\n          1964. 34:244\u2013255."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"95","article-title":"The anterior alveolus: its importance in limiting orthodontic treatment and its influence on the occurrence of iatrogenic sequelae.","volume":"66","author":"Handelman, C. 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J.\n          \n          Current view of risk factors for periodontal diseases.\n          J Periodontol\n          1996. 67:1041\u20131049."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b07","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Dent","first-page":"62","article-title":"Is gingival recession a consequence of an orthodontic tooth size and\/or tooth position discrepancy? \u201cA paradigm shift.\u201d.","volume":"32","author":"Richman, C.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Richman, C.\n          \n          Is gingival recession a consequence of an orthodontic tooth size and\/or tooth position discrepancy? \u201cA paradigm shift.\u201d.\n          Compend Contin Educ Dent\n          2011. 32:62\u201369."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"23","article-title":"Effects of incisor repositioning on monkey periodontium after expansion through the cortical plate.","volume":"2","author":"Engelking, G.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Engelking, G. and B. U.Zachrisson. Effects of incisor repositioning on monkey periodontium after expansion through the cortical plate.Am J Orthod1982. 2:23\u201332."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"330","article-title":"Expansion and fenestration or dehiscence.","volume":"77","author":"Watson, W. G.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Watson, W. G.\n          \n          Expansion and fenestration or dehiscence.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1980. 77:330\u2013332."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"239","article-title":"Mandibular incisors, alveolar bone and symphysis after orthodontic treatment: a retrospective study.","volume":"110","author":"Wehrbein, H.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wehrbein, H., W.Bauer, and P.Diedrich. 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Assessment of alveolar bone loss with high resolution computed tomography.J Periodontal Res1995. 30:258\u2013263."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b15","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"421","article-title":"Three-dimensional radiographic analysis in orthodontics.","volume":"39","author":"Huang, J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huang, J., A.Bumann, and J.Mah. Three-dimensional radiographic analysis in orthodontics.J Clin Orthod2005. 39:421\u2013428."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b16","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"23","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of periodontal remodeling during orthodontic treatment.","volume":"8","author":"Fuhrmann, R.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fuhrmann, R.\n          \n          Three-dimensional evaluation of periodontal remodeling during orthodontic treatment.\n          Semin Orthod\n          2002. 8:23\u201328."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"179","article-title":"Computed tomography evaluation of mandibular incisor bony support in untreated patients.","volume":"138","author":"Gracco, A.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gracco, A., L.Luca, M. C.Bongiorno, and G.Siciliani. 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E.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Persson, R. E., L. G.Hollender, L.Laurell, and G. R.Persson. Horizontal alveolar bone loss and vertical bone defects in an adult patient population.J Periodontol1998. 69:348\u2013356."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"476","article-title":"Trabecular and cortical bone as risk factors for orthodontic relapse.","volume":"130","author":"Rothe, L. E.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rothe, L. E., A. M.Bollen, R. M.Little, S. W.Herring, J. B.Chaison, C. S.Chen, and L. G.Hollender. 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Prevalence of dehiscences and fenestrations in modern American skulls.J Periodontol2001. 72:722\u2013729."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b28","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"142","article-title":"The relation of maxillary structures to cranium in malocclusion and normal occlusion.","volume":"22","author":"Riedel, R. A.","year":"1952","unstructured":"Riedel, R. A.\n          \n          The relation of maxillary structures to cranium in malocclusion and normal occlusion.\n          Angle Orthod\n          1952. 22:142\u2013145."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b29","series-title":"J Appl Oral Sci","first-page":"198","article-title":"Cephalometric characterization of skeletal Class II, division 1 malocclusion in white Brazilian subjects.","volume":"13","author":"Freitas, M. R.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Freitas, M. R., M. A.Santos, K. M.Freitas, G.Janson, D. S.Freitas, and J. F.Henriques. 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S.\n          \n          The anterior alveolus: its importance in limiting orthodontic treatment and its influence on the occurrence of iatrogenic sequelae.\n          Angle Orthod\n          1996. 66:95\u2013109."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b03","series-title":"Curr Opin Dent","first-page":"28","article-title":"Complications of orthodontic treatment.","volume":"2","author":"Thilander, B. L.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Thilander, B. L.\n          \n          Complications of orthodontic treatment.\n          Curr Opin Dent\n          1992. 2:28\u201337."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b04","series-title":"Clinical Periodontology. 5th ed","first-page":"100","author":"Glickman, I.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Glickman, I. and F. A.Carranza. Clinical Periodontology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PaWB Saunders. 1979. 100\u2013101."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b05","series-title":"Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent","first-page":"439","article-title":"A possible influence of gingival dimensions on attachment loss and gingival recession following placement of artificial crowns.","volume":"23","author":"Koke, U.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koke, U., C.Sander, A.Heinecke, and H. P.Muller. A possible influence of gingival dimensions on attachment loss and gingival recession following placement of artificial crowns.Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent2003. 23:439\u2013445."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b06","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Current view of risk factors for periodontal diseases.","volume":"67","author":"Genco, R. J.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Genco, R. J.\n          \n          Current view of risk factors for periodontal diseases.\n          J Periodontol\n          1996. 67:1041\u20131049."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b07","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Dent","first-page":"62","article-title":"Is gingival recession a consequence of an orthodontic tooth size and\/or tooth position discrepancy? \u201cA paradigm shift.\u201d.","volume":"32","author":"Richman, C.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Richman, C.\n          \n          Is gingival recession a consequence of an orthodontic tooth size and\/or tooth position discrepancy? \u201cA paradigm shift.\u201d.\n          Compend Contin Educ Dent\n          2011. 32:62\u201369."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"23","article-title":"Effects of incisor repositioning on monkey periodontium after expansion through the cortical plate.","volume":"2","author":"Engelking, G.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Engelking, G. and B. U.Zachrisson. Effects of incisor repositioning on monkey periodontium after expansion through the cortical plate.Am J Orthod1982. 2:23\u201332."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"330","article-title":"Expansion and fenestration or dehiscence.","volume":"77","author":"Watson, W. G.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Watson, W. G.\n          \n          Expansion and fenestration or dehiscence.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1980. 77:330\u2013332."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"239","article-title":"Mandibular incisors, alveolar bone and symphysis after orthodontic treatment: a retrospective study.","volume":"110","author":"Wehrbein, H.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wehrbein, H., W.Bauer, and P.Diedrich. Mandibular incisors, alveolar bone and symphysis after orthodontic treatment: a retrospective study.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1996. 110:239\u2013246."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"133.e1","article-title":"Dehiscence and fenestration in patients with Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusion assessed with cone-beam computed tomography.","volume":"138","author":"Evangelista, K.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Evangelista, K., K. F.Vasconcelos, A.Bumann, E.Hirsch, M.Nitka, and M. A. G.Silva. Dehiscence and fenestration in patients with Class I and Class II Division 1 malocclusion assessed with cone-beam computed tomography.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2010. 138:133.e1\u2013133.e7."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b12","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"192","article-title":"Alveolar bone morphology under the perspective of the computed tomography: defining the biological limits of tooth movement.","volume":"15","author":"Garib, D. G.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garib, D. G., M. S.Yatabe, T. O.Ozawa, and O. G. S.Filho. Alveolar bone morphology under the perspective of the computed tomography: defining the biological limits of tooth movement.Dental Press J Orthod2010. 15:192\u2013205."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b13","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"665","article-title":"Digital volume tomography in the diagnosis of periodontal defects: an in vitro study on native pig and human mandibles.","volume":"76","author":"Mengel, R.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mengel, R., M.Candir, K.Shiratori, and L.Flores-de-Jacoby. Digital volume tomography in the diagnosis of periodontal defects: an in vitro study on native pig and human mandibles.J Periodontol2005. 76:665\u2013673."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-1-67-b14","series-title":"J Periodontal Res","first-page":"258","article-title":"Assessment of alveolar bone loss with high resolution computed tomography.","volume":"30","author":"Fuhrmann, R. A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fuhrmann, R. A., A.B\u00fccker, and P. R.Diedrich. 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