{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T20:23:31Z","timestamp":1785529411652,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To compare the magnitude of external apical root resorption (EARR) of maxillary incisors in patients with mild to moderate anterior crowding, treated with lingual and conventional (labial) orthodontics.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n The sample comprised 40 patients divided into two groups: lingual (20 patients) and conventional buccal brackets (20 patients). Patient ages ranged from 11 to 45 years, and the study included 12 men and 28 women. Apical root resorption was measured from periapical radiographs obtained at the beginning of treatment (T1) and at the end of the leveling phase (T2). Periapical radiographs were scanned and transferred to the CorelDraw X7 image-processing program, in which measurements of root lengths were performed. For intragroup and intergroup comparisons between the T1 and T2 phases, paired and independent\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -tests, respectively, were used at 5% significance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n There was significant apical root resorption for all teeth evaluated; the magnitude of the EARR (T2\u2212T1) ranged from \u22120.35 mm to \u22120.63 mm in the lingual group, and from \u22120.66 mm to \u22120.85 mm in the conventional group. Although there was an intergroup variation in the magnitude of EARR observed, no statistically significant differences were found. Neither group presented any teeth with resorption \u22651 mm.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The magnitude of apical root resorption in maxillary incisors in patients with anterior crowding was similar regardless of orthodontic technique, lingual or conventional. Both techniques resulting in an apical rounding considered clinically insignificant.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/041117-247.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,24]],"date-time":"2017-07-24T09:51:01Z","timestamp":1500889861000},"page":"795-800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Comparative study of root resorption of maxillary incisors in patients treated with lingual and buccal orthodontics"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Carlos Eduardo","family":"Nassif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Former graduate student, Orthodontic Department, Universidade do Sagrado Cora\u00e7\u00e3o, Bauru, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Cotrim-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Orthodontic Department, Vellini Institute, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Claudia Castro Ferreira","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Full Professor, Orthodontic Department, Universidade do Sagrado Cora\u00e7\u00e3o, Bauru, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo Pinelli","family":"Valarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Full Professor, Orthodontic Department, Universidade do Sagrado Cora\u00e7\u00e3o, Bauru, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"de Almeida Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Full Professor, Orthodontic Department, Universidade do Sagrado Cora\u00e7\u00e3o, Bauru, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata Rodrigues","family":"de Almeida-Pedrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Full Professor, Orthodontic Department, Universidade do Sagrado Cora\u00e7\u00e3o, Bauru, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"448","article-title":"Identification of orthodontic patients at risk of severe apical root resorption","volume":"135","author":"Artun \n J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Artun \n J.\n \n \n Hullenaar \n RV.\n \n \n Doppel \n D.\n \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtmand \n AM.\n \n \n Identification of orthodontic patients at risk of severe apical root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:448\u2013455."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"353","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum. Part 17. Root resorption after the application of 2.5 and 15 of buccal root torque for 4 weeks: A microcomputed tomography study","volume":"139","author":"Bartley \n N.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bartley \n N.\n \n \n Turk \n T.\n \n \n Colak \n C.\n \n et al. \n Physical properties of root cementum. Part 17. Root resorption after the application of 2.5 and 15 of buccal root torque for 4 weeks: A microcomputed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:353\u2013360."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"138","article-title":"Root resorption after orthodontic treatment. Part 2. Literature review","volume":"103","author":"Brezniak, \n N.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brezniak, \n N.\n \n \n Wasserstein \n A.\n \n \n Root resorption after orthodontic treatment. Part 2. Literature review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;103:138\u2013146."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b04","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"434","article-title":"Apical root resorption after lingual orthodontic therapy","volume":"64","author":"Fritz \n U.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fritz \n U.\n \n \n Diedrich \n P.\n \n \n Wiechmann \n D.\n \n \n Apical root resorption after lingual orthodontic therapy. J Orofac Orthop. 2003;64:434\u2013442."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b05","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"255","article-title":"Lingual orthodontics: a status report","volume":"16","author":"Alexander \n CM.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Alexander \n CM.\n \n \n Alexander \n RG.\n \n \n Gorman \n JC.\n \n et al. \n Lingual orthodontics: a status report. J Clin Orthod. 1982;16:255\u2013262."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b06","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"461","article-title":"JCO\/interviews Dr. Vincent M. Kelly on lingual orthodontics","volume":"16","author":"Kelly \n VM.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kelly \n VM.\n \n \n JCO\/interviews Dr. Vincent M. Kelly on lingual orthodontics. J Clin Orthod. 1982;16:461\u2013476."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"514","article-title":"Cephalometric appraisal of patients treated with fixed lingual orthodontic appliances: historic review and analysis of cases","volume":"95","author":"Fulmer \n DT.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fulmer \n DT.\n \n \n Kuftinec \n MM.\n \n \n Cephalometric appraisal of patients treated with fixed lingual orthodontic appliances: historic review and analysis of cases. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989;95:514\u2013520."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"202","article-title":"Comparison of treatment effects with labial and lingual fixed appliances","volume":"99","author":"Gorman \n J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gorman \n J.\n \n \n Smith \n RJ.\n \n \n Comparison of treatment effects with labial and lingual fixed appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991;99:202\u2013209."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"480","article-title":"Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. A prospective study using cone beam CT","volume":"82","author":"Lund \n H.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lund \n H.\n \n \n Grondahl \n K.\n \n \n Hansen \n K.\n \n \n Hans-Goran \n G.\n \n \n Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. A prospective study using cone beam CT. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:480\u2013487."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"68","article-title":"Initial tissue behavior during apical root resorption","volume":"44","author":"Reitan \n K.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Reitan \n K.\n \n \n Initial tissue behavior during apical root resorption. Angle Orthod. 1974;44:68\u201382."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b11","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"408","article-title":"Apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment\u2014a retrospective study","volume":"29","author":"Apajalahti \n S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Apajalahti \n S.\n \n \n Peltola \n JS.\n \n \n Apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment\u2014a retrospective study. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:408\u2013412."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"610","article-title":"Association of orthodontic force system and root resorption: a systematic review","volume":"147","author":"Roscoe \n MG.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roscoe \n MG.\n \n \n Meira \n JBC.\n \n \n Cattaneo \n PM.\n \n \n Association of orthodontic force system and root resorption: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;147:610\u2013626."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"315","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of a method for obtaining periapical radiographs for diagnosis of external apical root resorption","volume":"30","author":"Gegler \n A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gegler \n A.\n \n \n Fontanella \n V.\n \n \n In vitro evaluation of a method for obtaining periapical radiographs for diagnosis of external apical root resorption. Eur J Orthod. 2008;30:315\u2013319."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"262","article-title":"A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with 3 different fixed appliance techniques","volume":"118","author":"Janson \n G.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Janson \n G.\n \n \n Canto \n GL.\n \n \n Martins \n DR.\n \n \n JFC\n Henriques, \n \n \n de Freitas \n MR.\n \n \n A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with 3 different fixed appliance techniques. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:262\u2013273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b15","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"30","article-title":"Evaluation of the risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of upper incisors","volume":"10","author":"Levander \n E.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Levander \n E.\n \n \n Malmgren \n O.\n \n \n Evaluation of the risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of upper incisors. Eur J Orthod. 1988;10:30\u201338."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"919","article-title":"Apical root resorption six and 12 months after initiation of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy","volume":"75","author":"Artun \n J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Artun \n J.\n \n \n Smale \n I.\n \n \n Behbehanic \n F.\n \n \n Doppel \n D.\n \n \n Hofe \n MV.\n \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtmanf \n AM.\n \n \n Apical root resorption six and 12 months after initiation of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. Angle Orthod. 2005;75:919\u2013926."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"685","article-title":"Impact on perceived root resorption based on the amount of incisal inclination as determined from conventional panoramic radiography","volume":"148","author":"Tieu \n LD.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tieu \n LD.\n \n \n Normando \n D.\n \n \n Toogood \n R.\n \n \n Flores-Mird \n C.\n \n \n Impact on perceived root resorption based on the amount of incisal inclination as determined from conventional panoramic radiography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;148:685\u2013691."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b18","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"665","article-title":"A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with a standard edgewise and a straight-wire edgewise technique","volume":"22","author":"Mavragani \n M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mavragani \n M.\n \n \n Vergari \n A.\n \n \n Selliseth \n NJ.\n \n \n Boe \n OE.\n \n \n Wisth \n PJ.\n \n \n A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with a standard edgewise and a straight-wire edgewise technique. Eur J Orthod. 2000;22:665\u2013674."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b19","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"115","article-title":"Root resorption of self-ligating and conventional preadjusted brackets in severe anterior crowding Class I patients: a longitudinal retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"Chen \n W.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen \n W.\n \n \n Haq \n AAA.\n \n \n Zhou \n Y.\n \n \n Root resorption of self-ligating and conventional preadjusted brackets in severe anterior crowding Class I patients: a longitudinal retrospective study. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15:115."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b20","series-title":"Head Face Med","first-page":"1","article-title":"Root resorption, treatment time and extraction rate during orthodontic treatment with self-ligating and conventional brackets","volume":"10","author":"Jacobs \n C.","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jacobs \n C.\n \n \n Gebhardt \n PF.\n \n \n Jacobs \n V.\n \n \n Hechtner \n M.\n \n \n Meila \n D.\n \n \n Wehrbein \n H.\n \n \n Root resorption, treatment time and extraction rate during orthodontic treatment with self-ligating and conventional brackets. Head Face Med. 2014;10:1\u20137."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"646","article-title":"External apical root resorption in patients treated with conventional and self-ligating brackets","volume":"134","author":"Pandis \n N.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pandis \n N.\n \n \n Nasika \n M.\n \n \n Polychronopoulou \n A.\n \n \n Eliades \n T.\n \n \n External apical root resorption in patients treated with conventional and self-ligating brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;134:646\u2013651."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b22","series-title":"Stomatologija, Baltic Dental Maxillofac J","first-page":"76","article-title":"Factors related to apical root resorption of maxillary incisors in orthodontic patients","volume":"8","author":"Nigul \n K.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nigul \n K.\n \n \n Jagomagi \n T.\n \n \n Factors related to apical root resorption of maxillary incisors in orthodontic patients. Stomatologija, Baltic Dental Maxillofac J. 2006;8:76\u201379."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"504","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum. Part 7. Extent of root resorption under areas of compression and tension","volume":"129","author":"Chan \n E.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chan \n E.\n \n \n Darendeliler \n MA.\n \n \n Physical properties of root cementum. Part 7. Extent of root resorption under areas of compression and tension. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:504\u2013510."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b24","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"99","article-title":"Lingual orthodontics: a status report. Part 5. Lingual mechanotherapy","volume":"17","author":"Alexander \n CM.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Alexander \n CM.\n \n \n Alexander \n RG.\n \n \n Gorman \n JC.\n \n et al. \n Lingual orthodontics: a status report. Part 5. Lingual mechanotherapy. J Clin Orthod. 1983;17:99\u2013115."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b25","series-title":"Br J Radiol","first-page":"35","article-title":"Effective dose from cone beam CT examinations in dentistry","volume":"82","author":"Roberts \n JA.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roberts \n JA.\n \n \n Drage \n NA.\n \n \n Davies \n J.\n \n \n Thomas \n DW.\n \n \n Effective dose from cone beam CT examinations in dentistry. Br J Radiol. 2009;82:35\u201340."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b26","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"189","article-title":"Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiography for detecting simulated apical root resorption","volume":"83","author":"Ren \n H.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ren \n H.\n \n \n Chen \n J.\n \n \n Deng \n F.\n \n \n Zheng \n L.\n \n \n Liu \n X.\n \n \n Dong \n Y.\n \n \n Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiography for detecting simulated apical root resorption. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:189\u2013195."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"448","article-title":"Identification of orthodontic patients at risk of severe apical root resorption","volume":"135","author":"Artun \n J.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Artun \n J.\n \n \n Hullenaar \n RV.\n \n \n Doppel \n D.\n \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtmand \n AM.\n \n \n Identification of orthodontic patients at risk of severe apical root resorption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;135:448\u2013455."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"353","article-title":"Physical properties of root cementum. Part 17. Root resorption after the application of 2.5 and 15 of buccal root torque for 4 weeks: A microcomputed tomography study","volume":"139","author":"Bartley \n N.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bartley \n N.\n \n \n Turk \n T.\n \n \n Colak \n C.\n \n et al. \n Physical properties of root cementum. Part 17. Root resorption after the application of 2.5 and 15 of buccal root torque for 4 weeks: A microcomputed tomography study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:353\u2013360."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"138","article-title":"Root resorption after orthodontic treatment. Part 2. Literature review","volume":"103","author":"Brezniak, \n N.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brezniak, \n N.\n \n \n Wasserstein \n A.\n \n \n Root resorption after orthodontic treatment. Part 2. Literature review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;103:138\u2013146."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b04","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"434","article-title":"Apical root resorption after lingual orthodontic therapy","volume":"64","author":"Fritz \n U.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fritz \n U.\n \n \n Diedrich \n P.\n \n \n Wiechmann \n D.\n \n \n Apical root resorption after lingual orthodontic therapy. J Orofac Orthop. 2003;64:434\u2013442."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b05","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"255","article-title":"Lingual orthodontics: a status report","volume":"16","author":"Alexander \n CM.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Alexander \n CM.\n \n \n Alexander \n RG.\n \n \n Gorman \n JC.\n \n et al. \n Lingual orthodontics: a status report. J Clin Orthod. 1982;16:255\u2013262."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b06","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"461","article-title":"JCO\/interviews Dr. Vincent M. Kelly on lingual orthodontics","volume":"16","author":"Kelly \n VM.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kelly \n VM.\n \n \n JCO\/interviews Dr. Vincent M. Kelly on lingual orthodontics. J Clin Orthod. 1982;16:461\u2013476."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"514","article-title":"Cephalometric appraisal of patients treated with fixed lingual orthodontic appliances: historic review and analysis of cases","volume":"95","author":"Fulmer \n DT.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fulmer \n DT.\n \n \n Kuftinec \n MM.\n \n \n Cephalometric appraisal of patients treated with fixed lingual orthodontic appliances: historic review and analysis of cases. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989;95:514\u2013520."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"202","article-title":"Comparison of treatment effects with labial and lingual fixed appliances","volume":"99","author":"Gorman \n J.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gorman \n J.\n \n \n Smith \n RJ.\n \n \n Comparison of treatment effects with labial and lingual fixed appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991;99:202\u2013209."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"480","article-title":"Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. A prospective study using cone beam CT","volume":"82","author":"Lund \n H.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lund \n H.\n \n \n Grondahl \n K.\n \n \n Hansen \n K.\n \n \n Hans-Goran \n G.\n \n \n Apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment. A prospective study using cone beam CT. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:480\u2013487."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"68","article-title":"Initial tissue behavior during apical root resorption","volume":"44","author":"Reitan \n K.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Reitan \n K.\n \n \n Initial tissue behavior during apical root resorption. Angle Orthod. 1974;44:68\u201382."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b11","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"408","article-title":"Apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment\u2014a retrospective study","volume":"29","author":"Apajalahti \n S.","year":"2007","unstructured":"Apajalahti \n S.\n \n \n Peltola \n JS.\n \n \n Apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment\u2014a retrospective study. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29:408\u2013412."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"610","article-title":"Association of orthodontic force system and root resorption: a systematic review","volume":"147","author":"Roscoe \n MG.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roscoe \n MG.\n \n \n Meira \n JBC.\n \n \n Cattaneo \n PM.\n \n \n Association of orthodontic force system and root resorption: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;147:610\u2013626."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"315","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of a method for obtaining periapical radiographs for diagnosis of external apical root resorption","volume":"30","author":"Gegler \n A.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gegler \n A.\n \n \n Fontanella \n V.\n \n \n In vitro evaluation of a method for obtaining periapical radiographs for diagnosis of external apical root resorption. Eur J Orthod. 2008;30:315\u2013319."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"262","article-title":"A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with 3 different fixed appliance techniques","volume":"118","author":"Janson \n G.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Janson \n G.\n \n \n Canto \n GL.\n \n \n Martins \n DR.\n \n \n JFC\n Henriques, \n \n \n de Freitas \n MR.\n \n \n A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with 3 different fixed appliance techniques. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:262\u2013273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b15","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"30","article-title":"Evaluation of the risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of upper incisors","volume":"10","author":"Levander \n E.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Levander \n E.\n \n \n Malmgren \n O.\n \n \n Evaluation of the risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of upper incisors. Eur J Orthod. 1988;10:30\u201338."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"919","article-title":"Apical root resorption six and 12 months after initiation of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy","volume":"75","author":"Artun \n J.","year":"2005","unstructured":"Artun \n J.\n \n \n Smale \n I.\n \n \n Behbehanic \n F.\n \n \n Doppel \n D.\n \n \n Hofe \n MV.\n \n \n Kuijpers-Jagtmanf \n AM.\n \n \n Apical root resorption six and 12 months after initiation of fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. Angle Orthod. 2005;75:919\u2013926."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"685","article-title":"Impact on perceived root resorption based on the amount of incisal inclination as determined from conventional panoramic radiography","volume":"148","author":"Tieu \n LD.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tieu \n LD.\n \n \n Normando \n D.\n \n \n Toogood \n R.\n \n \n Flores-Mird \n C.\n \n \n Impact on perceived root resorption based on the amount of incisal inclination as determined from conventional panoramic radiography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2015;148:685\u2013691."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b18","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"665","article-title":"A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with a standard edgewise and a straight-wire edgewise technique","volume":"22","author":"Mavragani \n M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mavragani \n M.\n \n \n Vergari \n A.\n \n \n Selliseth \n NJ.\n \n \n Boe \n OE.\n \n \n Wisth \n PJ.\n \n \n A radiographic comparison of apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment with a standard edgewise and a straight-wire edgewise technique. Eur J Orthod. 2000;22:665\u2013674."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-6-795-b19","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"115","article-title":"Root resorption of self-ligating and conventional preadjusted brackets in severe anterior crowding Class I patients: a longitudinal retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"Chen \n W.","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen \n W.\n \n \n Haq \n AAA.\n \n \n Zhou \n Y.\n \n \n Root resorption of self-ligating and conventional preadjusted brackets in severe anterior crowding Class I patients: a longitudinal retrospective study. 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