{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:12:40Z","timestamp":1785330760452,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the treatment effects of the modified miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE) and rapid palatal expander (RPE) with distalizers in patients with Class II malocclusion and maxillary crowding.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n The sample comprised 28 skeletal Class I adolescents with dental Class II malocclusion and maxillary crowding of >4 mm who received nonextraction treatment. Fourteen patients were treated with a modified MARPE with distalizer (MMD), while another 14 patients were treated with a modified RPE with distalizer (MRD). Lateral cephalograms and study casts were taken at pretreatment (T1) and after expansion, distalization, and at the initiation of alignment (T2). Twenty-nine variables were compared using a Bonferroni-adjusted independent\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test and a Mann-Whitney\n U<\/jats:italic>\n -test.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n From T1 to T2, the maxillary first molars in the MMD group exhibited distalization of 3.0 mm and 2.4 mm at the crown and root (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001) compared with 2.1 mm and 1.4 mm in the MRD group. However, no significant difference was found in distalization between the two groups. The first molars in the MRD group showed a significantly greater distal tipping of 2.8\u00b0 than in the MMD group (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Although both groups showed maxillary molar distalization, the MMD group had no distal molar tipping, while there was significant molar tipping in the MRD group. It can be useful to plan nonextraction treatment with maxillary expansion and molar distalization in patients with Class II malocclusion and a narrow maxillary arch.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/042024-308.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,12]],"date-time":"2025-01-12T19:01:23Z","timestamp":1736708483000},"page":"157-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Treatment effects of modified miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expander and rapid palatal expander for molar distalization"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Jae Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Hyun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moon-Jung","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So-Yeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam-Ki","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"417","article-title":"Role of posterior transverse interarch discrepancy in Class II, division 1 malocclusion during the mixed dentition phase","volume":"110","author":"Tollaro","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tollaro\n I,\n \n \n Baccetti\n T,\n \n \n Franchi\n L,\n \n \n Tanasescu\n CD.\n \n \n Role of posterior transverse interarch discrepancy in Class II, division 1 malocclusion during the mixed dentition phase. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;110:417\u2013422."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b02","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"21","article-title":"Transverse maxillary deficiency in Class II and Class III malocclusions: a cephalometric and morphometric study on postero-anterior films","volume":"8","author":"Franchi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Franchi\n L,\n \n \n Baccetti\n T.\n \n \n Transverse maxillary deficiency in Class II and Class III malocclusions: a cephalometric and morphometric study on postero-anterior films. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2005;8:21\u201328."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"152","article-title":"Facioskeletal and dental changes resulting from rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"36","author":"Starnbach","year":"1966","unstructured":"Starnbach\n H,\n \n \n Bayne\n D,\n \n \n Cleall\n J,\n \n \n Subtelny\n JD.\n \n \n Facioskeletal and dental changes resulting from rapid maxillary expansion. Angle Orthod. 1966;36:152\u2013164."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"41","article-title":"Skeletal and dental changes accompanying rapid midpalatal suture opening","volume":"58","author":"Wertz","year":"1970","unstructured":"Wertz\n RA.\n \n \n Skeletal and dental changes accompanying rapid midpalatal suture opening. Am J Orthod. 1970;58:41\u201366."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"759","article-title":"Midpalatal suture maturation: classification method for individual assessment before rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"144","author":"Angelieri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Angelieri\n F,\n \n \n Cevidanes\n LH,\n \n \n Franchi\n L,\n \n \n Gon\u00e7alves\n JR,\n \n \n Benavides\n E,\n \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr\n \n . Midpalatal suture maturation: classification method for individual assessment before rapid maxillary expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;144:759\u2013769."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b06","series-title":"AJO-DO Clin Companion","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of midpalatal suture maturation for rapid palatal expansion therapy","volume":"4","author":"Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park\n JH.\n \n \n Assessment of midpalatal suture maturation for rapid palatal expansion therapy. AJO-DO Clin Companion2024;4:1\u20132."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b07","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"43","article-title":"Comparison of the short-term effects of tooth-bone-borne and tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion in older adolescents","volume":"85","author":"Gokturk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gokturk\n M,\n \n \n Yavan\n MA.\n \n \n Comparison of the short-term effects of tooth-bone-borne and tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion in older adolescents\n .\n \n J Orofac Orthop\n . 2024;85:43\u201355."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"713","article-title":"Nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion results in acceptable stability in young adults","volume":"86","author":"Choi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi\n SH,\n \n \n Shi\n KK,\n \n \n Cha\n JY,\n \n \n Park\n YC,\n \n \n Lee\n KJ.\n \n \n Nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion results in acceptable stability in young adults. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:713\u2013720."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b09","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"313","article-title":"Stability of dental, alveolar, and skeletal changes after miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion","volume":"47","author":"Lim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lim\n HM,\n \n \n Park\n YC,\n \n \n Lee\n KJ,\n \n \n Kim\n KH,\n \n \n Choi\n YJ.\n \n \n Stability of dental, alveolar, and skeletal changes after miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion. Korean J Orthod. 2017;47:313\u2013322."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b10","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"706","article-title":"The pendulum appliance for Class II non-compliance therapy","volume":"26","author":"Hilgers","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hilgers\n JJ.\n \n \n The pendulum appliance for Class II non-compliance therapy. J Clin Orthod. 1992;26:706\u2013714."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"249","article-title":"Distal molar movement using the pendulum appliance. Part 1: clinical and radiological evaluation","volume":"67","author":"Byloff","year":"1997","unstructured":"Byloff\n FK,\n \n \n Darendeliler\n MA.\n \n \n Distal molar movement using the pendulum appliance. Part 1: clinical and radiological evaluation. Angle Orthod. 1997;67:249\u2013260."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b12","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"171","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of molar distalization therapy using pendulum and distal screw appliances","volume":"45","author":"Caprioglio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caprioglio\n A,\n \n \n Cafagna\n A,\n \n \n Fontana\n M,\n \n \n Cozzani\n M.\n \n \n Comparative evaluation of molar distalization therapy using pendulum and distal screw appliances. Korean J Orthod. 2015;45:171\u2013179."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"481","article-title":"Evaluation of maxillary molar distalization with the distal jet: a comparison with other contemporary methods","volume":"72","author":"Bolla","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bolla\n E,\n \n \n Muratore\n F,\n \n \n Carano\n A,\n \n \n Bowman\n SJ.\n \n \n Evaluation of maxillary molar distalization with the distal jet: a comparison with other contemporary methods. Angle Orthod. 2002;72:481\u2013494."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"178","article-title":"Posttreatment evaluation of the distal jet appliance","volume":"120","author":"Ngantung","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ngantung\n V,\n \n \n Nanda\n RS,\n \n \n Bowman\n SJ.\n \n \n Posttreatment evaluation of the distal jet appliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;120:178\u2013185."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"545","article-title":"Distalization of maxillary molars with the bone-supported pendulum: a clinical study","volume":"131","author":"Escobar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Escobar\n SA,\n \n \n Tellez\n PA,\n \n \n Moncada\n CA,\n \n \n Villegas\n CA,\n \n \n Latorre\n CM,\n \n \n Oberti\n G.\n \n \n Distalization of maxillary molars with the bone-supported pendulum: a clinical study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131:545\u2013549."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"194","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of the hybrid pendulum in comparison with the conventional Pendulum appliance","volume":"90","author":"Bozkaya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bozkaya\n E,\n \n \n Tortop\n T,\n \n \n Y\u00fcksel\n S,\n \n \n Kayg\u0131s\u0131z\n E.\n \n \n Evaluation of the effects of the hybrid pendulum in comparison with the conventional Pendulum appliance. Angle Orthod. 2020;90:194\u2013201."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"161.e1\u2013161","article-title":"Comparison of 2 distalization systems supported by intraosseous screws","volume":"131","author":"Gelgor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gelgor\n IE,\n \n \n Karaman\n AI,\n \n \n Buyukyilmaz\n T.\n \n \n Comparison of 2 distalization systems supported by intraosseous screws. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131:161.e1\u2013161.e8."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"460","article-title":"Comparison of two implant-supported molar distalization systems","volume":"83","author":"Sar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sar\n C,\n \n \n Kaya\n B,\n \n \n Ozsoy\n O,\n \n \n \u00d6zcirpici\n AA.\n \n \n Comparison of two implant-supported molar distalization systems. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:460\u2013467."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b19","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"399","article-title":"Comparison between direct vs indirect anchorage in two miniscrew-supported distalizing devices","volume":"86","author":"Cozzani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cozzani\n M,\n \n \n Fontana\n M,\n \n \n Maino\n G,\n \n \n Maino\n G,\n \n \n Palpacelli\n L,\n \n \n Caprioglio\n A.\n \n \n Comparison between direct vs indirect anchorage in two miniscrew-supported distalizing devices. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:399\u2013406."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b20","series-title":"J World Fed Orthod","first-page":"145","article-title":"Retrospective comparison of two different miniscrew-supported molar distalization methods applied in the buccal and palatal regions","volume":"13","author":"Aslan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aslan\n YS,\n \n \n Yavan\n MA,\n \n \n Hamamci\n N.\n \n \n Retrospective comparison of two different miniscrew-supported molar distalization methods applied in the buccal and palatal regions. J World Fed Orthod. 2024;13:145\u2013152."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b21","series-title":"Behav Res Methods","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faul\n F,\n \n \n Erdfelder\n E,\n \n \n Buchner\n A,\n \n \n Lang\n AG.\n \n \n Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods2009;41:1149\u20131160."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b22","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"494","article-title":"Maxillary molar distalization with miniscrew-supported appliances in Class II malocclusion: a systematic review","volume":"88","author":"Mohamed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohamed\n RN,\n \n \n Basha\n S,\n \n \n Al-Thomali\n Y.\n \n \n Maxillary molar distalization with miniscrew-supported appliances in Class II malocclusion: a systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2018;88:494\u2013502."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b23","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"107","article-title":"Effectiveness of miniscrew-supported maxillary molar distalization according to temporary anchorage device features and appliance design: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"Ceratti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ceratti\n C,\n \n \n Serafin\n M,\n \n \n Del Fabbro\n M,\n \n \n Caprioglio\n A.\n \n \n Effectiveness of miniscrew-supported maxillary molar distalization according to temporary anchorage device features and appliance design: systematic review and meta-analysis. Angle Orthod. 2024;94:107\u2013121."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b24","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"119","article-title":"Comparison of treatment effects from total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plates versus maxillary premolar extraction in Class II patients with severe overjet","volume":"25","author":"Alfawaz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alfawaz\n F,\n \n \n Park\n JH,\n \n \n Lee\n NK,\n \n et al.\n Comparison of treatment effects from total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plates versus maxillary premolar extraction in Class II patients with severe overjet. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2022;25:119\u2013127."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"266","article-title":"Distalization pattern of the maxillary arch depending on the number of orthodontic miniscrews","volume":"83","author":"Bechtold","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bechtold\n TE,\n \n \n Kim\n JW,\n \n \n Choi\n TH,\n \n \n Park\n YC,\n \n \n Lee\n KJ.\n \n \n Distalization pattern of the maxillary arch depending on the number of orthodontic miniscrews. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:266\u2013273."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b26","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"43","article-title":"Skeletal versus conventional intraoral anchorage for the treatment of Class II malocclusion: dentoalveolar and skeletal effects","volume":"15","author":"Mariani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mariani\n L,\n \n \n Maino\n G,\n \n \n Caprioglio\n A.\n \n \n Skeletal versus conventional intraoral anchorage for the treatment of Class II malocclusion: dentoalveolar and skeletal effects. Prog Orthod. 2014;15:43."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b27","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"45","article-title":"A comparison of treatment effects of total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plate vs buccal miniscrews","volume":"88","author":"Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee\n SK,\n \n \n Abbas\n NH,\n \n \n Bayome\n M,\n \n et al.\n A comparison of treatment effects of total arch distalization using modified C-palatal plate vs buccal miniscrews. Angle Orthod. 2018;88:45\u201351."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b28","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"375","article-title":"Measurement accuracy of a computer-assisted three-dimensional analysis and a conventional two-dimensional method","volume":"81","author":"Olmez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Olmez\n H,\n \n \n Gorgulu\n S,\n \n \n Akin\n E,\n \n \n Bengi\n AO,\n \n \n Tekdemir\n I,\n \n \n Ors\n F.\n \n \n Measurement accuracy of a computer-assisted three-dimensional analysis and a conventional two-dimensional method. Angle Orthod. 2011;81:375\u2013382."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"417","article-title":"Role of posterior transverse interarch discrepancy in Class II, division 1 malocclusion during the mixed dentition phase","volume":"110","author":"Tollaro","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tollaro\n I,\n \n \n Baccetti\n T,\n \n \n Franchi\n L,\n \n \n Tanasescu\n CD.\n \n \n Role of posterior transverse interarch discrepancy in Class II, division 1 malocclusion during the mixed dentition phase. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996;110:417\u2013422."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b02","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"21","article-title":"Transverse maxillary deficiency in Class II and Class III malocclusions: a cephalometric and morphometric study on postero-anterior films","volume":"8","author":"Franchi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Franchi\n L,\n \n \n Baccetti\n T.\n \n \n Transverse maxillary deficiency in Class II and Class III malocclusions: a cephalometric and morphometric study on postero-anterior films. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2005;8:21\u201328."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"152","article-title":"Facioskeletal and dental changes resulting from rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"36","author":"Starnbach","year":"1966","unstructured":"Starnbach\n H,\n \n \n Bayne\n D,\n \n \n Cleall\n J,\n \n \n Subtelny\n JD.\n \n \n Facioskeletal and dental changes resulting from rapid maxillary expansion. Angle Orthod. 1966;36:152\u2013164."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b04","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"41","article-title":"Skeletal and dental changes accompanying rapid midpalatal suture opening","volume":"58","author":"Wertz","year":"1970","unstructured":"Wertz\n RA.\n \n \n Skeletal and dental changes accompanying rapid midpalatal suture opening. Am J Orthod. 1970;58:41\u201366."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"759","article-title":"Midpalatal suture maturation: classification method for individual assessment before rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"144","author":"Angelieri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Angelieri\n F,\n \n \n Cevidanes\n LH,\n \n \n Franchi\n L,\n \n \n Gon\u00e7alves\n JR,\n \n \n Benavides\n E,\n \n \n McNamara\n JA\n Jr\n \n . Midpalatal suture maturation: classification method for individual assessment before rapid maxillary expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;144:759\u2013769."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b06","series-title":"AJO-DO Clin Companion","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessment of midpalatal suture maturation for rapid palatal expansion therapy","volume":"4","author":"Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park\n JH.\n \n \n Assessment of midpalatal suture maturation for rapid palatal expansion therapy. AJO-DO Clin Companion2024;4:1\u20132."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b07","series-title":"J Orofac Orthop","first-page":"43","article-title":"Comparison of the short-term effects of tooth-bone-borne and tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion in older adolescents","volume":"85","author":"Gokturk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gokturk\n M,\n \n \n Yavan\n MA.\n \n \n Comparison of the short-term effects of tooth-bone-borne and tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion in older adolescents\n .\n \n J Orofac Orthop\n . 2024;85:43\u201355."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"713","article-title":"Nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion results in acceptable stability in young adults","volume":"86","author":"Choi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Choi\n SH,\n \n \n Shi\n KK,\n \n \n Cha\n JY,\n \n \n Park\n YC,\n \n \n Lee\n KJ.\n \n \n Nonsurgical miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion results in acceptable stability in young adults. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:713\u2013720."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b09","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"313","article-title":"Stability of dental, alveolar, and skeletal changes after miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion","volume":"47","author":"Lim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lim\n HM,\n \n \n Park\n YC,\n \n \n Lee\n KJ,\n \n \n Kim\n KH,\n \n \n Choi\n YJ.\n \n \n Stability of dental, alveolar, and skeletal changes after miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion. Korean J Orthod. 2017;47:313\u2013322."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b10","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"706","article-title":"The pendulum appliance for Class II non-compliance therapy","volume":"26","author":"Hilgers","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hilgers\n JJ.\n \n \n The pendulum appliance for Class II non-compliance therapy. J Clin Orthod. 1992;26:706\u2013714."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"249","article-title":"Distal molar movement using the pendulum appliance. Part 1: clinical and radiological evaluation","volume":"67","author":"Byloff","year":"1997","unstructured":"Byloff\n FK,\n \n \n Darendeliler\n MA.\n \n \n Distal molar movement using the pendulum appliance. Part 1: clinical and radiological evaluation. Angle Orthod. 1997;67:249\u2013260."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b12","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"171","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of molar distalization therapy using pendulum and distal screw appliances","volume":"45","author":"Caprioglio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caprioglio\n A,\n \n \n Cafagna\n A,\n \n \n Fontana\n M,\n \n \n Cozzani\n M.\n \n \n Comparative evaluation of molar distalization therapy using pendulum and distal screw appliances. Korean J Orthod. 2015;45:171\u2013179."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"481","article-title":"Evaluation of maxillary molar distalization with the distal jet: a comparison with other contemporary methods","volume":"72","author":"Bolla","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bolla\n E,\n \n \n Muratore\n F,\n \n \n Carano\n A,\n \n \n Bowman\n SJ.\n \n \n Evaluation of maxillary molar distalization with the distal jet: a comparison with other contemporary methods. Angle Orthod. 2002;72:481\u2013494."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"178","article-title":"Posttreatment evaluation of the distal jet appliance","volume":"120","author":"Ngantung","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ngantung\n V,\n \n \n Nanda\n RS,\n \n \n Bowman\n SJ.\n \n \n Posttreatment evaluation of the distal jet appliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;120:178\u2013185."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"545","article-title":"Distalization of maxillary molars with the bone-supported pendulum: a clinical study","volume":"131","author":"Escobar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Escobar\n SA,\n \n \n Tellez\n PA,\n \n \n Moncada\n CA,\n \n \n Villegas\n CA,\n \n \n Latorre\n CM,\n \n \n Oberti\n G.\n \n \n Distalization of maxillary molars with the bone-supported pendulum: a clinical study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131:545\u2013549."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"194","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of the hybrid pendulum in comparison with the conventional Pendulum appliance","volume":"90","author":"Bozkaya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bozkaya\n E,\n \n \n Tortop\n T,\n \n \n Y\u00fcksel\n S,\n \n \n Kayg\u0131s\u0131z\n E.\n \n \n Evaluation of the effects of the hybrid pendulum in comparison with the conventional Pendulum appliance. Angle Orthod. 2020;90:194\u2013201."},{"key":"i1945-7103-95-2-157-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"161.e1\u2013161","article-title":"Comparison of 2 distalization systems supported by intraosseous screws","volume":"131","author":"Gelgor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gelgor\n IE,\n \n \n Karaman\n AI,\n \n \n Buyukyilmaz\n T.\n \n \n Comparison of 2 distalization systems supported by intraosseous screws. 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Angle Orthod. 2011;81:375\u2013382."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/95\/2\/article-p157.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/95\/2\/157\/3489016\/i1945-7103-95-2-157.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/95\/2\/article-p157.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/95\/2\/article-p157.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:44:57Z","timestamp":1780065897000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/95\/2\/article-p157.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/042024-308.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1945-7103","0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}}}