{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:46:01Z","timestamp":1791837961604,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the success rate, treatment duration, and pain perceived during forced eruption of maxillary palatally impacted canines using the K9 and Ballista springs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty unilateral palatal canine impactions of moderate and difficult category as determined by KPG index (score between 10 and 19) were enrolled. Group 1 comprised canine impactions managed with K9 springs, and Group 2 comprised Ballista springs. Block randomization and opaque sealed envelopes were used for allocation. The success rate and treatment duration (application of force to ligation of the impacted canine into the initial alignment archwire) were recorded. Pain perception was evaluated on a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS) and modified McGill Pain Questionnaire. Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test were used to compare the groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The success rate for eruption of palatally impacted canines was 100%. The average treatment duration was 296.13 \u00b1 96.45 days and 311.93 \u00b1 94.34 days, respectively for Group 1 and Group 2. VAS scale scores for pain were greater for Group 2 compared to Group1, and the differences were statistically significant at all time intervals except at T1. The frequency of none and mild pain was significantly greater at all time intervals in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The impacted canines of moderate and difficult category were erupted with a 100% success rate and similar treatment duration with both interventions. The pain scores of Ballista springs were greater after 24 hours of force application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/042122-304.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T12:07:22Z","timestamp":1665576442000},"page":"33-40","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Success rate, treatment duration, and pain perception in the management of palatally impacted canines using the K9 and Ballista spring: a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satinder Pal","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj Kumar","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sombir","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nameksh Raj","family":"Bhupali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"issue":"(3)","key":"i1945-7103-93-1-33-b01","series-title":"J Am Dent Assoc","first-page":"91","article-title":"Canine impaction identified early with panoramic radiographs","volume":"123","author":"Lindauer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lindauer\n              SJ,\n            \n            \n              Rubenstein\n              LK,\n            \n            \n              Hang\n              WM,\n            \n            \n              Andersen\n              WC,\n            \n            \n              Isaacson\n              RJ.\n            \n          \n          Canine impaction identified early with panoramic radiographs.\n\t\t\t\t\tJ Am Dent Assoc.\n\t\t\t\t\t1992;\n\t\t\t\t\t123(3):\n\t\t\t\t\t91\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t92,\n\t\t\t\t\t95\u201397."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-33-b02","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"79","article-title":"The upper cuspid: its development and impaction","volume":"19","author":"Dewel","year":"1949","unstructured":"Dewel\n              BF.\n            \n          \n          The upper cuspid: its development and impaction.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1949;\n\t\t\t\t\t19:\n\t\t\t\t\t79\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t90."},{"key":"i1945-7103-93-1-33-b03","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol","first-page":"1165","article-title":"A survey of 3, 874 routine full-month radiographs. 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A controlled prospective study","volume":"35","author":"Smailiene","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smailiene\n              D,\n            \n            \n              Kavaliauskiene\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Pacauskiene\n              I,\n            \n            \n              Zasciurinskiene\n              E,\n            \n            \n              Bjerklin\n              K.\n            \n          \n          Palatally impacted maxillary canines: choice of surgical-orthodontic treatment method does not influence post-treatment periodontal status. 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II. A study of impacted teeth","volume":"14","author":"Dachi","year":"1961","unstructured":"Dachi\n              SF,\n            \n            \n              Howell\n              FV.\n            \n          \n          A survey of 3, 874 routine full-month radiographs. II. 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palatally displaced canine as a dental anomaly of genetic origin","volume":"64","author":"Peck","year":"1994","unstructured":"Peck\n              S,\n            \n            \n              Peck\n              L,\n            \n            \n              Kataja\n              M.\n            \n          \n          The palatally displaced canine as a dental anomaly of genetic origin.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle Orthod.\n\t\t\t\t\t1994;\n\t\t\t\t\t64(4):\n\t\t\t\t\t249\u2013\n\t\t\t\t\t256."},{"issue":"(2)","key":"i1945-7103-93-1-33-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"95","article-title":"In defense of the guidance theory of palatal canine displacement","volume":"65","author":"Becker","year":"1995","unstructured":"Becker\n              A.\n            \n          \n          In defense of the guidance theory of palatal canine displacement.\n\t\t\t\t\tAngle 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Cochrane Database Syst Rev.","author":"Parkin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parkin\n              N,\n            \n            \n              Benson\n              PE,\n            \n            \n              Thind\n              B,\n            \n            \n              Shah\n              A,\n            \n            \n              Khalil\n              I,\n            \n            \n              Ghafoor\n              S.\n            \n          \n          Open versus closed surgical exposure of canine teeth that are displaced in the roof of the mouth. 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