{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T09:45:52Z","timestamp":1783763152021,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the treatment effects of maxillary anterior teeth retraction with mini-implant anchorage in young adults with Class II division 1 malocclusion undergoing extraction of the maxillary first premolars with similar patients treated by a fixed functional appliance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-four young adult female patients (mean age 16.5 \u00b1 3.2\u00a0years, overjet \u2265 6\u00a0mm) with a Class II division 1 malocclusion were divided into two groups: group 1 (G1), in which overjet correction was obtained with a fixed functional appliance (FFA), and group 2 (G2), in which upper first premolars were extracted, followed by space closure with MIs as anchor units. Dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes were analyzed on lateral cephalograms taken before (T1) and after (T2) correction of the overjet.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both methods were useful in improving the overjet and interincisal relationships. Extrusion and mesial movement of the lower molar, together with lower incisor proclination, were noted in G1. G2 showed distalization and intrusion of the upper molar. The nasio-labial angle became more obtuse in G2, while lower lip protrusion was seen for G1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The two treatment protocols provided adequate dental compensation for the Class II malocclusion, but did not correct the skeletal discrepancy. There were significant differences in the dental and soft tissue treatment effects between the two treatment protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/042811-302.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,25]],"date-time":"2011-08-25T17:46:48Z","timestamp":1314294408000},"page":"294-303","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Mini-implants vs fixed functional appliances for treatment of young adult Class II female patients"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Madhur","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut, Health Center, Farmington, Conn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Instructor, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut, Health Center, Farmington, Conn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Nagaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reader, Department of Orthodontics, KLE University, Belgaum, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavio","family":"Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut, Health Center, Farmington, Conn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravindra","family":"Nanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Head, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut, Health Center, Farmington, Conn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"177","article-title":"Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8\u201310\u00a0years of age.","volume":"51","author":"McNamara, J. A.","year":"1981","unstructured":"McNamara, J. A.\n          \n          Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8\u201310\u00a0years of age.\n          Angle Orthod\n          1981. 51:177\u2013202."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b02","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics. 2nd ed","first-page":"2","author":"Proffit, W. R.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Proffit, W. R.\n          \n          Contemporary Orthodontics. 2nd ed. St Louis, MoCV Mosby. 1996. 2\u201316."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"146","article-title":"Occlusal stability of adult Class II division 1 treatment with the Herbst appliance.","volume":"138","author":"Bock, N. C.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bock, N. C., J.von Bremen, and S.Ruf. Occlusal stability of adult Class II division 1 treatment with the Herbst appliance.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2010. 138:146\u2013151."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"18","article-title":"Long-term dentoskeletal changes with the Bionator, Herbst, Twin Block, and MARA functional appliances.","volume":"80","author":"Siara-Oldsa, N. J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Siara-Oldsa, N. J., Pangrazio-Kulbershb, V. J.Bergerc, and B.Bayirli. Long-term dentoskeletal changes with the Bionator, Herbst, Twin Block, and MARA functional appliances.Angle Orthod2010. 80:18\u201329."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"28","article-title":"Dentofacial and soft tissue changes in Class II div 1 cases treated with and without extractions.","volume":"107","author":"Bishara, S. E.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bishara, S. E., D. M.Cummins, J. R.Jakobsen, and A. R.Zaher. Dentofacial and soft tissue changes in Class II div 1 cases treated with and without extractions.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1995. 107:28\u201337."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b06","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"298","article-title":"Treatment of Class II malocclusions with removable appliances. Part 4. Class II div 2 treatment.","volume":"168","author":"Rock, W. P.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rock, W. P.\n          \n          Treatment of Class II malocclusions with removable appliances. Part 4. Class II div 2 treatment.\n          Br Dent J\n          1990. 168:298\u2013302."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"18","article-title":"Treatment effects of mini-implants for en-masse retraction of anterior teeth in bialveolar dental protrusion patients: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"134","author":"Upadhyay, M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Upadhyay, M., S.Yadav, K.Nagaraj, and S.Patil. Treatment effects of mini-implants for en-masse retraction of anterior teeth in bialveolar dental protrusion patients: a randomized controlled trial.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2008. 134:18\u201329."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"316","article-title":"An improved version of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth.","volume":"72","author":"Baccetti, T.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baccetti, T., L.Franchi, and J. A.McNamaraJr. An improved version of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth.Angle Orthod2002. 72:316\u2013323."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"68","article-title":"Changes in soft tissue profile during and after orthodontic treatment.","volume":"9","author":"Finnoy, J. P.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Finnoy, J. P., P. J.Wisth, and O. E.Boe. Changes in soft tissue profile during and after orthodontic treatment.Eur J Orthod1987. 9:68\u201378."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"220","article-title":"Changes in facial profile during orthodontic treatment with extraction of four first premolars.","volume":"95","author":"Drobocky, O. B.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Drobocky, O. B. and R. J.Smith. Changes in facial profile during orthodontic treatment with extraction of four first premolars.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1989. 95:220\u2013230."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"7","article-title":"A cephalometric comparison of treatment with the Twin-block and stainless steel crown Herbst appliances followed by fixed appliance therapy.","volume":"126","author":"Schaefer, A. T.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schaefer, A. T., J. A.McNamaraJr, L.Franchi, and T.Baccetti. A cephalometric comparison of treatment with the Twin-block and stainless steel crown Herbst appliances followed by fixed appliance therapy.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2004. 126:7\u201315."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b12","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"167","article-title":"Effects of headgear Herbst and mandibular step-by-step advancement versus conventional Herbst appliance and maximal jumping of the mandible.","volume":"24","author":"Du, X.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Du, X., U.H\u00e4gg, and A. B. M.Rabie. Effects of headgear Herbst and mandibular step-by-step advancement versus conventional Herbst appliance and maximal jumping of the mandible.Eur J Orthod2002. 24:167\u2013174."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"195","article-title":"A comparative study of sagittal correction with the Herbst appliance in two different ethnic groups.","volume":"19","author":"Wong, G. W. K.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wong, G. W. K., L. L. Y.So, and U.H\u00e4gg. A comparative study of sagittal correction with the Herbst appliance in two different ethnic groups.Eur J Orthod1997. 19:195\u2013204."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"113","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of craniofacial changes with Jasper Jumper therapy.","volume":"64","author":"Cope, J. B.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cope, J. B., P. H.Buschang, D. D.Cope, J.Parker, and H. O.Blackwood. Quantitative evaluation of craniofacial changes with Jasper Jumper therapy.Angle Orthod1994. 64:113\u2013122."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"286","article-title":"Treatment effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance on patients with Class II malocclusion.","volume":"123","author":"Pangarzio-Kulberesh, V.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pangarzio-Kulberesh, V., J. L.Berger, D. S.Chermak, R.Kaczynski, E. S.Simon, and A.Haerian. Treatment effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance on patients with Class II malocclusion.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2003. 123:286\u2013295."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"341","article-title":"Treatment of Class II malocclusions with the Jasper Jumper appliance\u2014a preliminary report.","volume":"108","author":"Weiland, F. J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weiland, F. J. and H. P.Bantleon. Treatment of Class II malocclusions with the Jasper Jumper appliance\u2014a preliminary report.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1995. 108:341\u2013350."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"641","article-title":"The correction of interarch malocclusions using a fixed force module.","volume":"108","author":"Jasper, J. J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jasper, J. J. and J. A.McNamaraJr. The correction of interarch malocclusions using a fixed force module.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1995. 108:641\u2013650."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b18","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"271","article-title":"The use of the Jasper Jumper for the correction of Class II malocclusion in the young permanent dentition.","volume":"20","author":"Stucki, N.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stucki, N. and B.Ingervall. The use of the Jasper Jumper for the correction of Class II malocclusion in the young permanent dentition.Eur J Orthod1998. 20:271\u2013281."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"615","article-title":"Comparison of treatment outcomes between skeletal anchorage and extraoral anchorage in adults with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.","volume":"134","author":"Yao, C. C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yao, C. C., E. H.Lai, J. Z.Chang, I.Chen, and Y. J.Chen. Comparison of treatment outcomes between skeletal anchorage and extraoral anchorage in adults with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2008. 134:615\u2013624."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"96","article-title":"Vertical-dimension control during en-masse retraction with mini-implant anchorage.","volume":"138","author":"Upadhyay, M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Upadhyay, M., S.Yadav, and R.Nanda. Vertical-dimension control during en-masse retraction with mini-implant anchorage.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2010. 138:96\u2013108."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"430","article-title":"A comparison of results of second molar and first premolar extraction treatment.","volume":"98","author":"Staggers, J. A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Staggers, J. A.\n          \n          A comparison of results of second molar and first premolar extraction treatment.\n          Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          1990. 98:430\u2013436."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b22","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"594","article-title":"Effects of first bicuspid extractions on facial height in high-angle cases.","volume":"27","author":"Cusimano, C.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cusimano, C., R. P.McLaughlin, and J. H.Zernik. Effects of first bicuspid extractions on facial height in high-angle cases.J Clin Orthod1993. 27:594\u2013598."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"438","article-title":"Clinical ramifications of posterior and anterior facial height changes between treated and untreated Class II samples.","volume":"105","author":"Vaden, J. L.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Vaden, J. L., E. F.Harris, and P. M.Sinclair. Clinical ramifications of posterior and anterior facial height changes between treated and untreated Class II samples.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1994. 105:438\u2013443."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"277","article-title":"Longitudinal study of periodontal condition associated with orthodontic treatment in adolescents.","volume":"76","author":"Alstad, S.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Alstad, S. and B.Zachrisson. Longitudinal study of periodontal condition associated with orthodontic treatment in adolescents.Am J Orthod1979. 76:277\u2013285."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b25","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"199","article-title":"Soft tissue response to upper incisor retraction in boys.","volume":"1","author":"Wisth, P. J.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Wisth, P. J.\n          \n          Soft tissue response to upper incisor retraction in boys.\n          Br J Orthod\n          1974. 1:199\u2013204."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"177","article-title":"Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8\u201310\u00a0years of age.","volume":"51","author":"McNamara, J. A.","year":"1981","unstructured":"McNamara, J. A.\n          \n          Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8\u201310\u00a0years of age.\n          Angle Orthod\n          1981. 51:177\u2013202."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b02","series-title":"Contemporary Orthodontics. 2nd ed","first-page":"2","author":"Proffit, W. R.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Proffit, W. R.\n          \n          Contemporary Orthodontics. 2nd ed. St Louis, MoCV Mosby. 1996. 2\u201316."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b03","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"146","article-title":"Occlusal stability of adult Class II division 1 treatment with the Herbst appliance.","volume":"138","author":"Bock, N. C.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bock, N. C., J.von Bremen, and S.Ruf. Occlusal stability of adult Class II division 1 treatment with the Herbst appliance.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2010. 138:146\u2013151."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"18","article-title":"Long-term dentoskeletal changes with the Bionator, Herbst, Twin Block, and MARA functional appliances.","volume":"80","author":"Siara-Oldsa, N. J.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Siara-Oldsa, N. J., Pangrazio-Kulbershb, V. J.Bergerc, and B.Bayirli. Long-term dentoskeletal changes with the Bionator, Herbst, Twin Block, and MARA functional appliances.Angle Orthod2010. 80:18\u201329."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"28","article-title":"Dentofacial and soft tissue changes in Class II div 1 cases treated with and without extractions.","volume":"107","author":"Bishara, S. E.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bishara, S. E., D. M.Cummins, J. R.Jakobsen, and A. R.Zaher. Dentofacial and soft tissue changes in Class II div 1 cases treated with and without extractions.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1995. 107:28\u201337."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b06","series-title":"Br Dent J","first-page":"298","article-title":"Treatment of Class II malocclusions with removable appliances. Part 4. Class II div 2 treatment.","volume":"168","author":"Rock, W. P.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rock, W. P.\n          \n          Treatment of Class II malocclusions with removable appliances. Part 4. Class II div 2 treatment.\n          Br Dent J\n          1990. 168:298\u2013302."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"18","article-title":"Treatment effects of mini-implants for en-masse retraction of anterior teeth in bialveolar dental protrusion patients: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"134","author":"Upadhyay, M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Upadhyay, M., S.Yadav, K.Nagaraj, and S.Patil. Treatment effects of mini-implants for en-masse retraction of anterior teeth in bialveolar dental protrusion patients: a randomized controlled trial.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2008. 134:18\u201329."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b08","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"316","article-title":"An improved version of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth.","volume":"72","author":"Baccetti, T.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baccetti, T., L.Franchi, and J. A.McNamaraJr. An improved version of cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth.Angle Orthod2002. 72:316\u2013323."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b09","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"68","article-title":"Changes in soft tissue profile during and after orthodontic treatment.","volume":"9","author":"Finnoy, J. P.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Finnoy, J. P., P. J.Wisth, and O. E.Boe. Changes in soft tissue profile during and after orthodontic treatment.Eur J Orthod1987. 9:68\u201378."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"220","article-title":"Changes in facial profile during orthodontic treatment with extraction of four first premolars.","volume":"95","author":"Drobocky, O. B.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Drobocky, O. B. and R. J.Smith. Changes in facial profile during orthodontic treatment with extraction of four first premolars.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1989. 95:220\u2013230."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"7","article-title":"A cephalometric comparison of treatment with the Twin-block and stainless steel crown Herbst appliances followed by fixed appliance therapy.","volume":"126","author":"Schaefer, A. T.","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schaefer, A. T., J. A.McNamaraJr, L.Franchi, and T.Baccetti. A cephalometric comparison of treatment with the Twin-block and stainless steel crown Herbst appliances followed by fixed appliance therapy.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2004. 126:7\u201315."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b12","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"167","article-title":"Effects of headgear Herbst and mandibular step-by-step advancement versus conventional Herbst appliance and maximal jumping of the mandible.","volume":"24","author":"Du, X.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Du, X., U.H\u00e4gg, and A. B. M.Rabie. Effects of headgear Herbst and mandibular step-by-step advancement versus conventional Herbst appliance and maximal jumping of the mandible.Eur J Orthod2002. 24:167\u2013174."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b13","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"195","article-title":"A comparative study of sagittal correction with the Herbst appliance in two different ethnic groups.","volume":"19","author":"Wong, G. W. K.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wong, G. W. K., L. L. Y.So, and U.H\u00e4gg. A comparative study of sagittal correction with the Herbst appliance in two different ethnic groups.Eur J Orthod1997. 19:195\u2013204."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"113","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of craniofacial changes with Jasper Jumper therapy.","volume":"64","author":"Cope, J. B.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cope, J. B., P. H.Buschang, D. D.Cope, J.Parker, and H. O.Blackwood. Quantitative evaluation of craniofacial changes with Jasper Jumper therapy.Angle Orthod1994. 64:113\u2013122."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"286","article-title":"Treatment effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance on patients with Class II malocclusion.","volume":"123","author":"Pangarzio-Kulberesh, V.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pangarzio-Kulberesh, V., J. L.Berger, D. S.Chermak, R.Kaczynski, E. S.Simon, and A.Haerian. Treatment effects of the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance on patients with Class II malocclusion.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2003. 123:286\u2013295."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"341","article-title":"Treatment of Class II malocclusions with the Jasper Jumper appliance\u2014a preliminary report.","volume":"108","author":"Weiland, F. J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Weiland, F. J. and H. P.Bantleon. Treatment of Class II malocclusions with the Jasper Jumper appliance\u2014a preliminary report.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1995. 108:341\u2013350."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"641","article-title":"The correction of interarch malocclusions using a fixed force module.","volume":"108","author":"Jasper, J. J.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jasper, J. J. and J. A.McNamaraJr. The correction of interarch malocclusions using a fixed force module.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1995. 108:641\u2013650."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b18","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"271","article-title":"The use of the Jasper Jumper for the correction of Class II malocclusion in the young permanent dentition.","volume":"20","author":"Stucki, N.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stucki, N. and B.Ingervall. The use of the Jasper Jumper for the correction of Class II malocclusion in the young permanent dentition.Eur J Orthod1998. 20:271\u2013281."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"615","article-title":"Comparison of treatment outcomes between skeletal anchorage and extraoral anchorage in adults with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.","volume":"134","author":"Yao, C. C.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yao, C. C., E. H.Lai, J. Z.Chang, I.Chen, and Y. J.Chen. Comparison of treatment outcomes between skeletal anchorage and extraoral anchorage in adults with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2008. 134:615\u2013624."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"96","article-title":"Vertical-dimension control during en-masse retraction with mini-implant anchorage.","volume":"138","author":"Upadhyay, M.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Upadhyay, M., S.Yadav, and R.Nanda. Vertical-dimension control during en-masse retraction with mini-implant anchorage.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2010. 138:96\u2013108."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"430","article-title":"A comparison of results of second molar and first premolar extraction treatment.","volume":"98","author":"Staggers, J. A.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Staggers, J. A.\n          \n          A comparison of results of second molar and first premolar extraction treatment.\n          Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          1990. 98:430\u2013436."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b22","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"594","article-title":"Effects of first bicuspid extractions on facial height in high-angle cases.","volume":"27","author":"Cusimano, C.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cusimano, C., R. P.McLaughlin, and J. H.Zernik. Effects of first bicuspid extractions on facial height in high-angle cases.J Clin Orthod1993. 27:594\u2013598."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b23","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"438","article-title":"Clinical ramifications of posterior and anterior facial height changes between treated and untreated Class II samples.","volume":"105","author":"Vaden, J. L.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Vaden, J. L., E. F.Harris, and P. M.Sinclair. Clinical ramifications of posterior and anterior facial height changes between treated and untreated Class II samples.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1994. 105:438\u2013443."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b24","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"277","article-title":"Longitudinal study of periodontal condition associated with orthodontic treatment in adolescents.","volume":"76","author":"Alstad, S.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Alstad, S. and B.Zachrisson. Longitudinal study of periodontal condition associated with orthodontic treatment in adolescents.Am J Orthod1979. 76:277\u2013285."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-2-294-b25","series-title":"Br J Orthod","first-page":"199","article-title":"Soft tissue response to upper incisor retraction in boys.","volume":"1","author":"Wisth, P. J.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Wisth, P. 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