{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:23:54Z","timestamp":1790123034902,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To examine the current trends in surgical-orthodontic treatment for patients with Class III malocclusion using time-series analysis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The records of 2994 consecutive patients who underwent orthognathic surgery from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2015, at Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea, were reviewed. Clinical data from each surgical and orthodontic treatment record included patient's sex, age at the time of surgery, malocclusion classification, type of orthognathic surgical procedure, place where the orthodontic treatment was performed, orthodontic treatment modality, and time elapsed for pre- and postoperative orthodontic treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Out of the orthognathic surgery patients, 86% had Class III malocclusion. Among them, two-jaw surgeries have become by far the most common orthognathic surgical treatment these days. The age at the time of surgery and the number of new patients had seasonal variations, which demonstrated opposing patterns. There was neither positive nor negative correlation between pre- and postoperative orthodontic treatment time. Elapsed orthodontic treatment time for both before and after Class III orthognathic surgeries has been decreasing over the years.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Results of the time series analysis might provide clinicians with some insights into current surgical and orthodontic management.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/043016-349.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,11]],"date-time":"2016-08-11T09:40:40Z","timestamp":1470908440000},"page":"269-278","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Modern trends in Class III orthognathic treatment: A time series analysis"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Chang-Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Hee","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byoung-Moo","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin-Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"806","article-title":"Spectrum and management of dentofacial deformities in a multiethnic Asian population","volume":"76","author":"Chew \n              MT.","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chew \n              MT. \n            \n          \n          Spectrum and management of dentofacial deformities in a multiethnic Asian population. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:806\u2013809."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b02","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"80","article-title":"Age, extraction rate and jaw surgery rate in Korean orthodontic clinics and small dental hospitals","volume":"42","author":"Jung \n              MH.","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jung \n              MH. \n            \n          \n          Age, extraction rate and jaw surgery rate in Korean orthodontic clinics and small dental hospitals. Korean J Orthod. 2012;42:80\u201386."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b03","series-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"173","article-title":"Prevalence and treatment of dentofacial deformities on a multiethnic population: a retrospective study","volume":"18","author":"Sato \n              FR,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sato \n              FR, \n            \n            \n              Mannarino \n              FS, \n            \n            \n              Asprino \n              L, \n            \n            \n              de Moraes \n              M. \n            \n          \n          Prevalence and treatment of dentofacial deformities on a multiethnic population: a retrospective study. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;18:173\u2013179."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b04","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"193","article-title":"Recognition of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment","volume":"24","author":"Lee \n              SJ,","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lee \n              SJ, \n            \n            \n              Kim \n              TW, \n            \n            \n              Suhr \n              CH. \n            \n          \n          Recognition of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment. Korean J Orthod. 1994;24:193\u2013198."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"724","article-title":"A more accurate soft-tissue prediction model for Class III 2-jaw surgeries","volume":"146","author":"Lee \n              YS,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee \n              YS, \n            \n            \n              Suh \n              HY, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              SJ, \n            \n            \n              Donatelli \n              RE. \n            \n          \n          A more accurate soft-tissue prediction model for Class III 2-jaw surgeries. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2014;146:724\u2013733."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b06","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"e553","article-title":"A more accurate method of predicting soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery","volume":"70","author":"Suh \n              HY,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Suh \n              HY, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              SJ, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              YS, \n            \n            et al. \n          A more accurate method of predicting soft tissue changes after mandibular setback surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70:e553\u2013e562."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b07","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"342","article-title":"Use of mini-implants to avoid maxillary surgery for Class III mandibular prognathic patient: a long-term post-retention case","volume":"44","author":"Suh \n              HY,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suh \n              HY, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              SJ, \n            \n            \n              Park \n              HS. \n            \n          \n          Use of mini-implants to avoid maxillary surgery for Class III mandibular prognathic patient: a long-term post-retention case. Korean J Orthod. 2014;44:342\u2013349."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"300","article-title":"Class III surgical-orthodontic treatment: a cephalometric study","volume":"130","author":"Johnston \n              C,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Johnston \n              C, \n            \n            \n              Burden \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Kennedy \n              D, \n            \n            \n              Harradine \n              N, \n            \n            \n              Stevenson \n              M. \n            \n          \n          Class III surgical-orthodontic treatment: a cephalometric study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:300\u2013309."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"273","article-title":"Stability and predictability of orthognathic surgery","volume":"126","author":"Bailey \n              LJ,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bailey \n              LJ, \n            \n            \n              Cevidanes \n              LH, \n            \n            \n              Proffit \n              WR. \n            \n          \n          Stability and predictability of orthognathic surgery. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126:273\u2013277."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b10","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1442","article-title":"Orthognathic surgery: is there a future?","volume":"116","author":"Zins \n              JE,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zins \n              JE, \n            \n            \n              Bruno \n              J, \n            \n            \n              Moreira-Gonzalez \n              A, \n            \n            \n              Bena \n              J. \n            \n          \n          Orthognathic surgery: is there a future?\n          Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;116:1442\u20131450."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b11","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"555","article-title":"Follow-up: orthognathic surgery. Is there a future? A national survey","volume":"122","author":"Zins \n              JE,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zins \n              JE, \n            \n            \n              Morrison \n              CM, \n            \n            \n              Gonzalez \n              AM, \n            \n            \n              Altus \n              GD, \n            \n            \n              Bena \n              J. \n            \n          \n          Follow-up: orthognathic surgery. Is there a future? A national survey. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;122:555\u2013562."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b12","article-title":"A Little Book of R For Time Series. Release 0.2","author":"Coghlan \n              A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Coghlan \n              A. \n            \n          \n          A Little Book of R For Time Series. Release 0.2. Available at: https:\/\/media.readthedocs.org\/pdf\/a-little-book-of-r-for-timeseries\/latest\/a-little-book-of-r-for-time-series.pdf. 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Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing;2016."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b15","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"607","article-title":"2014 JCO study of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment procedures, part 1: results and trends","volume":"48","author":"Keim \n              RG,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Keim \n              RG, \n            \n            \n              Gottlieb \n              EL, \n            \n            \n              Vogels \n              DS\n              III, \n            \n            \n              Vogels \n              PB. \n            \n          \n          2014 JCO study of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment procedures, part 1: results and trends. J Clin Orthod. 2014;48:607\u2013630."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"740","article-title":"Transverse implications of maxillary premolar extraction in Class III presurgical orthodontic treatment","volume":"129","author":"Lee \n              SJ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee \n              SJ, \n            \n            \n              Kim \n              TW, \n            \n            \n              Nahm \n              DS. \n            \n          \n          Transverse implications of maxillary premolar extraction in Class III presurgical orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129:740\u2013748."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"311","article-title":"Classification of the skeletal variation in normal occlusion","volume":"75","author":"Kim \n              JY,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim \n              JY, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              SJ, \n            \n            \n              Kim \n              TW, \n            \n            \n              Nahm \n              DS, \n            \n            \n              Chang \n              YI. \n            \n          \n          Classification of the skeletal variation in normal occlusion. Angle Orthod. 2005;75:311\u2013319."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"679","article-title":"Do Class III patients have a different growth spurt than the general population?","volume":"142","author":"Lee \n              YS,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee \n              YS, \n            \n            \n              Lee \n              SJ, \n            \n            \n              An \n              H, \n            \n            \n              Donatelli \n              RE, \n            \n            \n              Kim \n              SH. \n            \n          \n          Do Class III patients have a different growth spurt than the general population?\n          Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2012;142:679\u2013689."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b19","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"743","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of maxillomandibular advancement and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for the treatment of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"71","author":"Boyd \n              SB,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boyd \n              SB, \n            \n            \n              Walters \n              AS, \n            \n            \n              Song \n              Y, \n            \n            \n              Wang \n              L. \n            \n          \n          Comparative effectiveness of maxillomandibular advancement and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for the treatment of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea. 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A national survey","volume":"122","author":"Zins \n              JE,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zins \n              JE, \n            \n            \n              Morrison \n              CM, \n            \n            \n              Gonzalez \n              AM, \n            \n            \n              Altus \n              GD, \n            \n            \n              Bena \n              J. \n            \n          \n          Follow-up: orthognathic surgery. Is there a future? A national survey. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;122:555\u2013562."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-269-b12","article-title":"A Little Book of R For Time Series. Release 0.2","author":"Coghlan \n              A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"Coghlan \n              A. \n            \n          \n          A Little Book of R For Time Series. Release 0.2. Available at: https:\/\/media.readthedocs.org\/pdf\/a-little-book-of-r-for-timeseries\/latest\/a-little-book-of-r-for-time-series.pdf. 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