{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:51:41Z","timestamp":1787025101517,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To develop models for predicting changes in lip position of Class I extraction patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of 46 white female adults and 109 white female adolescents were examined. Mean pretreatment ages for the adolescent and adult groups were 12.2 \u00b1 1.2 years and 23.0 \u00b1 8.5 years, respectively. Subjects were treated with conventional edgewise mechanics. Multivariate prediction models were derived from a randomly selected sample of 119 subjects and validated on the remaining 36 subjects.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Adolescents demonstrated significant vertical and horizontal skeletal growth and treatment changes, while adults showed only small increases in anterior face height. While significant retraction of the upper and lower incisors occurred in both groups, the amounts were greater in adults than in adolescents. Ratios for horizontal hard tissue to soft tissue movements ranged from 1.4:1 to 1.1:1 and 1.3:1 to 1:1 for the upper (Ls) and lower (Li) lips, respectively. There were moderate relationships between horizontal lip and underlying hard tissue movements (correlations ranged from .57 to .78 for Ls and from .58 to .86 for Li). Multiple regressions to predict lip movements showed moderately strong relationships for the upper lip (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .79 to .81) and strong relationships for the lower lip (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .89 to .90). Two to three variables were necessary to predict vertical lip movements (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .82 to .87). The validation sample showed no systematic biases and similar levels of accuracy.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Upper and lower lip retraction in four first premolar extraction cases can be predicted with moderately high levels of accuracy in white female adolescents and adults.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/050208-247.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,23]],"date-time":"2008-10-23T13:03:04Z","timestamp":1224766984000},"page":"413-421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Prediction of Lip Response to Four First Premolar Extractions in White Female Adolescents and Adults"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Hodges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"a\u2009Private Practice, Dallas, Tex."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul Emile","family":"Rossouw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"b\u2009Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip M.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"c\u2009Clinic Director, Department of Orthodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim C.","family":"Boley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"d\u2009Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"d\u2009Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Buschang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"d\u2009Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Tex."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-079-03-0413-b1","series-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"666","article-title":"Recognition of profile change after simulated orthognathic surgery.","volume":"45","author":"Burcal, R. G.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Burcal, R. G., D. M.Laskin, and T. P.Sperry. Recognition of profile change after simulated orthognathic surgery.J Oral Maxillofac Surg1987. 45:666\u2013670."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-03-0413-b2","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"375","article-title":"Profile changes following orthodontic treatment of bimaxillary protrusion in adults with the Begg appliance.","volume":"11","author":"Lew, K.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lew, K.\n          \n          Profile changes following orthodontic treatment of bimaxillary protrusion in adults with the Begg appliance.\n          Eur J Orthod\n          1989. 11:375\u2013381."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-03-0413-b3","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"285","article-title":"Changes in soft tissue profile of African-Americans following extraction treatment.","volume":"65","author":"Diels, R. M.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Diels, R. M., V.Kalra, N.DeloachJr,, M.Powers, and S. S.Nelson. 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The effect of anterior tooth retraction on lip position of orthodontically treated adult Indonesians.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2001. 120:304\u2013307."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-03-0413-b6","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"165","article-title":"Soft-tissue profile changes in Class II treatment.","volume":"72","author":"Roos, N.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Roos, N.\n          \n          Soft-tissue profile changes in Class II treatment.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1977. 72:165\u2013174."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-03-0413-b7","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"391","article-title":"The role of computerized video imaging in predicting adult extraction treatment outcomes.","volume":"68","author":"Le, T. N.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Le, T. N., G. T.Sameshima, J. E.Grubb, and P. M.Sinclair. 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Ethnic differences in upper lip response to incisor retraction.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2005. 127:683\u2013691."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-03-0413-b10","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"45","article-title":"Incisor tooth retraction and subsequent profile change in postadolescent female patients.","volume":"61","author":"Hershey, H. G.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Hershey, H. G.\n          \n          Incisor tooth retraction and subsequent profile change in postadolescent female patients.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1972. 61:45\u201354."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-03-0413-b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"481","article-title":"Soft-tissue changes associated with maxillary incisor retraction.","volume":"81","author":"Rains, M. D.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rains, M. D. and R. S.Nanda. 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Comparison of three methods of profile change prediction in the adult orthodontic patient.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop1987. 92:396\u2013402."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-03-0413-b14","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"384","article-title":"Changes in the nasolabial angle related to maxillary incisor retraction.","volume":"82","author":"Lo, F. D.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lo, F. D. and S. W.Hunter. Changes in the nasolabial angle related to maxillary incisor retraction.Am J Orthod1982. 82:384\u2013391."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-03-0413-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"141","article-title":"Variations in profile change and their significance in treatment timing.","volume":"30","author":"King, E. W.","year":"1960","unstructured":"King, E. 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Predicting upper lip response to 4-piece maxillary LeFort I osteotomy.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2001. 120:124\u2013133."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-03-0413-b18","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"177","article-title":"Growth changes in the soft tissue facial profile.","volume":"60","author":"Nanda, R. S.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nanda, R. S., H.Meng, S.Kapila, and J.Goorhuis. Growth changes in the soft tissue facial profile.Angle Orthod1990. 60:177\u2013190."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-03-0413-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"481","article-title":"A longitudinal study of soft tissue facial structures and their profile characteristics, defined in relation to underlying skeletal structures.","volume":"45","author":"Subtelny, J. D.","year":"1959","unstructured":"Subtelny, J. D.\n          \n          A longitudinal study of soft tissue facial structures and their profile characteristics, defined in relation to underlying skeletal structures.\n          Am J Orthod\n          1959. 45:481\u2013507."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-03-0413-b20","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"405","article-title":"Vertical growth of the lips: a serial cephalometric study.","volume":"75","author":"Vig, P. S.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Vig, P. S. and A.Cohen. Vertical growth of the lips: a serial cephalometric study.Am J Orthod1979. 75:405\u2013415."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-03-0413-b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"209","article-title":"Longitudinal soft-tissue profile changes: a study of three analyses.","volume":"88","author":"Bishara, S. E.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bishara, S. E., T. J.Hession, and L. C.Peterson. 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L.\n          \n          The mandibular incisor\u2014its role in facial esthetics.\n          Angle Orthod\n          1955. 25:32\u201341."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-03-0413-b28","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"129","article-title":"Change in lip contour with maxillary incisor retraction.","volume":"52","author":"Waldman, B. H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Waldman, B. H.\n          \n          Change in lip contour with maxillary incisor retraction.\n          Angle Orthod\n          1982. 52:129\u2013134."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-03-0413-b29","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"199","article-title":"Predicting soft tissue profile changes concurrent with orthodontic treatment.","volume":"60","author":"Yogosawa, F.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Yogosawa, F.\n          \n          Predicting soft tissue profile changes concurrent with orthodontic treatment.\n          Angle Orthod\n          1990. 60:199\u2013206."},{"key":"i0003-3219-079-03-0413-b30","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"674","article-title":"Soft tissue adaptability to hard tissues in facial profiles.","volume":"113","author":"Kasai, K.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kasai, K.\n          \n          Soft tissue adaptability to hard tissues in facial profiles.\n          Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop\n          1998. 113:674\u2013684."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/79\/3\/article-p413.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/79\/3\/413\/1389353\/050208-247_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/79\/3\/article-p413.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/79\/3\/article-p413.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T20:47:17Z","timestamp":1747342037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/79\/3\/article-p413.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/050208-247.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]}}}