{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T17:02:38Z","timestamp":1780074158036,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association between vertical facial morphology and overjet in untreated Class II subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The lateral cephalograms of 140 untreated Class II subjects (68 males and 72 females) between 8 and 11\u00a0years of age were divided into three groups based on their overjet value as measured on study casts: Group I normal overjet (less than 3\u00a0mm), Group II increased overjet (more than 3\u00a0mm but less than or equal to 6\u00a0mm), and Group III extreme overjet (more than 6\u00a0mm). Mean values and standard deviations of 28 variables measured on lateral cephalograms were calculated. Differences between the three groups were tested using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni tests. Additionally, cephalometric differences between groups and available normal values for the Syrian population were evaluated using an independent\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subjects with normal overjet showed a horizontal facial pattern and posterior inclination of the maxilla, whereas increased overjet subjects exhibited a neutral facial pattern. In contrast, subjects with extreme overjet had a vertical facial pattern and anterior inclination of the maxilla. The mandible was retrognathic and the maxilla was normally positioned in the three groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A positive association was found between the overjet and the tendency toward a hyperdivergent pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/050711-322.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,14]],"date-time":"2011-09-14T10:49:44Z","timestamp":1315997384000},"page":"432-440","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The relationship between vertical facial morphology and overjet in untreated Class II subjects"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Humam","family":"Saltaji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Student, Orthodontic Graduate Program, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Flores-Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor and Head of the Division of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Major","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair, Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Youssef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Dean, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"437","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of malocclusion among senior high school students in upstate New York.","volume":"51","author":"Ast, D. B.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Ast, D. B., J. P.Carlos, and D. C.Cons. Prevalence and characteristics of malocclusion among senior high school students in upstate New York.Am J Orthod1965. 51:437\u2013445."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b02","series-title":"Damascus Univ J","first-page":"151","article-title":"The prevalence of dentofacial deformities in Syria.","volume":"12","author":"Youssef, M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Youssef, M.\n          \n          The prevalence of dentofacial deformities in Syria.\n          Damascus Univ J\n          1996. 12:151\u2013186."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b03","series-title":"The Saudi Dental Journal","first-page":"23","article-title":"Cephalometric characteristics of Class II division 1 malocclusion in a Saudi population living in the western region.","volume":"23","author":"Hassan, A. H.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hassan, A. H.\n          \n          Cephalometric characteristics of Class II division 1 malocclusion in a Saudi population living in the western region.\n          The Saudi Dental Journal\n          2011. 23:23\u201327."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"859","article-title":"Anteroposterior and vertical components of Class II division 1 and division 2 malocclusion.","volume":"79","author":"Al-Khateeb, E. A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Al-Khateeb, E. A. and S. N.Al-Khateeb. Anteroposterior and vertical components of Class II division 1 and division 2 malocclusion.Angle Orthod2009. 79:859\u2013866."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"177","article-title":"Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8\u201310\u00a0years of age.","volume":"51","author":"McNamara\n              Jr, J. A.","year":"1981","unstructured":"McNamara\n              Jr, J. A.\n          . Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8\u201310\u00a0years of age.Angle Orthod1981. 51:177\u2013202."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"111","article-title":"Cephalometric characteristics of Class II division 1 and Class II division 2 malocclusions: a comparative study in children.","volume":"67","author":"Pancherz, H.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pancherz, H., K.Zieber, and B.Hoyer. Cephalometric characteristics of Class II division 1 and Class II division 2 malocclusions: a comparative study in children.Angle Orthod1997. 67:111\u2013120."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b07","series-title":"The Characteristics of Craniofacial Complex of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion Patients in the Permanent Dentition [master's thesis]","author":"Al-Sairafi, E.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Al-Sairafi, E.\n          \n          The Characteristics of Craniofacial Complex of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion Patients in the Permanent Dentition [master's thesis]. Latakia, SyriaTishreen University. 2009."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b08","series-title":"Dental Cosmos","first-page":"248","article-title":"Classification of malocclusion.","volume":"41","author":"Angle, E. H.","year":"1899","unstructured":"Angle, E. H.\n          \n          Classification of malocclusion.\n          Dental Cosmos\n          1899. 41:248\u2013264."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"295","article-title":"Ambiguities of Angle's classification.","volume":"59","author":"Rinchuse, D. J.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Rinchuse, D. J. and D. J.Rinchuse. Ambiguities of Angle's classification.Angle Orthod1972. 59:295\u2013298."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b10","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"211","article-title":"Craniofacial morphology of Japanese girls with Class II division 1 malocclusion.","volume":"28","author":"Ishii, N.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ishii, N., T.Deguchi, and N. P.Hunt. Craniofacial morphology of Japanese girls with Class II division 1 malocclusion.J Orthod2001. 28:211\u2013215."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"656","article-title":"Turkkaharaman H: Cephalometric evaluation of nongrowing females with skeletal and dental Class II, division 1 malocclusion.","volume":"75","author":"Sayin, \u00d6","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sayin, \u00d6\n          . Turkkaharaman H: Cephalometric evaluation of nongrowing females with skeletal and dental Class II, division 1 malocclusion.Angle Orthod2004. 75:656\u2013660."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b12","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"269","article-title":"Overjet as a predictor of sagittal skeletal relationships.","volume":"30","author":"Zupan\u010di\u010d, S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zupan\u010di\u010d, S., M.Pohar, F.Far\u010dnik, and M.Ovsenik. Overjet as a predictor of sagittal skeletal relationships.Eur J Orthod2008. 30:269\u2013273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b13","series-title":"Craniofacial Morphology of Subjects With Neutral Occlusion in Syria [master's thesis]","author":"Al-Salti, M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Al-Salti, M.\n          \n          Craniofacial Morphology of Subjects With Neutral Occlusion in Syria [master's thesis]. Damascus, Syria Damascus University. 2000."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b14","series-title":"Psychol Bull","first-page":"155","article-title":"A power primer.","volume":"112","author":"Cohen, J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cohen, J.\n          \n          A power primer.\n          Psychol Bull\n          1992. 112:155\u2013159."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b15","series-title":"Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students","first-page":"122","author":"Dahlberg, G.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Dahlberg, G.\n          \n          Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students. London, UKGeorge Allen & Unwin. 1940. 122\u2013132."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"334","article-title":"Morphology and growth in convex profile facial patterns: a longitudinal study.","volume":"69","author":"Karlsen, A. T.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Karlsen, A. T. and O.Krogstad. Morphology and growth in convex profile facial patterns: a longitudinal study.Angle Orthod1999. 69:334\u2013344."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"127","article-title":"Malocclusion and facial morphology: is there a relationship?","volume":"55","author":"Siriwat, P. P.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Siriwat, P. P. and J. R.Jarabak. Malocclusion and facial morphology: is there a relationship?Angle Orthod1985. 55:127\u2013138."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b01","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"437","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of malocclusion among senior high school students in upstate New York.","volume":"51","author":"Ast, D. B.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Ast, D. B., J. P.Carlos, and D. C.Cons. Prevalence and characteristics of malocclusion among senior high school students in upstate New York.Am J Orthod1965. 51:437\u2013445."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b02","series-title":"Damascus Univ J","first-page":"151","article-title":"The prevalence of dentofacial deformities in Syria.","volume":"12","author":"Youssef, M.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Youssef, M.\n          \n          The prevalence of dentofacial deformities in Syria.\n          Damascus Univ J\n          1996. 12:151\u2013186."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b03","series-title":"The Saudi Dental Journal","first-page":"23","article-title":"Cephalometric characteristics of Class II division 1 malocclusion in a Saudi population living in the western region.","volume":"23","author":"Hassan, A. H.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hassan, A. H.\n          \n          Cephalometric characteristics of Class II division 1 malocclusion in a Saudi population living in the western region.\n          The Saudi Dental Journal\n          2011. 23:23\u201327."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"859","article-title":"Anteroposterior and vertical components of Class II division 1 and division 2 malocclusion.","volume":"79","author":"Al-Khateeb, E. A.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Al-Khateeb, E. A. and S. N.Al-Khateeb. Anteroposterior and vertical components of Class II division 1 and division 2 malocclusion.Angle Orthod2009. 79:859\u2013866."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b05","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"177","article-title":"Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8\u201310\u00a0years of age.","volume":"51","author":"McNamara\n              Jr, J. A.","year":"1981","unstructured":"McNamara\n              Jr, J. A.\n          . Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8\u201310\u00a0years of age.Angle Orthod1981. 51:177\u2013202."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b06","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"111","article-title":"Cephalometric characteristics of Class II division 1 and Class II division 2 malocclusions: a comparative study in children.","volume":"67","author":"Pancherz, H.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pancherz, H., K.Zieber, and B.Hoyer. Cephalometric characteristics of Class II division 1 and Class II division 2 malocclusions: a comparative study in children.Angle Orthod1997. 67:111\u2013120."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b07","series-title":"The Characteristics of Craniofacial Complex of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion Patients in the Permanent Dentition [master's thesis]","author":"Al-Sairafi, E.","year":"2009","unstructured":"Al-Sairafi, E.\n          \n          The Characteristics of Craniofacial Complex of Class II Division 1 Malocclusion Patients in the Permanent Dentition [master's thesis]. Latakia, SyriaTishreen University. 2009."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b08","series-title":"Dental Cosmos","first-page":"248","article-title":"Classification of malocclusion.","volume":"41","author":"Angle, E. H.","year":"1899","unstructured":"Angle, E. H.\n          \n          Classification of malocclusion.\n          Dental Cosmos\n          1899. 41:248\u2013264."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b09","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"295","article-title":"Ambiguities of Angle's classification.","volume":"59","author":"Rinchuse, D. J.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Rinchuse, D. J. and D. J.Rinchuse. Ambiguities of Angle's classification.Angle Orthod1972. 59:295\u2013298."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b10","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"211","article-title":"Craniofacial morphology of Japanese girls with Class II division 1 malocclusion.","volume":"28","author":"Ishii, N.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ishii, N., T.Deguchi, and N. P.Hunt. Craniofacial morphology of Japanese girls with Class II division 1 malocclusion.J Orthod2001. 28:211\u2013215."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"656","article-title":"Turkkaharaman H: Cephalometric evaluation of nongrowing females with skeletal and dental Class II, division 1 malocclusion.","volume":"75","author":"Sayin, \u00d6","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sayin, \u00d6\n          . Turkkaharaman H: Cephalometric evaluation of nongrowing females with skeletal and dental Class II, division 1 malocclusion.Angle Orthod2004. 75:656\u2013660."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b12","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"269","article-title":"Overjet as a predictor of sagittal skeletal relationships.","volume":"30","author":"Zupan\u010di\u010d, S.","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zupan\u010di\u010d, S., M.Pohar, F.Far\u010dnik, and M.Ovsenik. Overjet as a predictor of sagittal skeletal relationships.Eur J Orthod2008. 30:269\u2013273."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b13","series-title":"Craniofacial Morphology of Subjects With Neutral Occlusion in Syria [master's thesis]","author":"Al-Salti, M.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Al-Salti, M.\n          \n          Craniofacial Morphology of Subjects With Neutral Occlusion in Syria [master's thesis]. Damascus, Syria Damascus University. 2000."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b14","series-title":"Psychol Bull","first-page":"155","article-title":"A power primer.","volume":"112","author":"Cohen, J.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cohen, J.\n          \n          A power primer.\n          Psychol Bull\n          1992. 112:155\u2013159."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b15","series-title":"Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students","first-page":"122","author":"Dahlberg, G.","year":"1940","unstructured":"Dahlberg, G.\n          \n          Statistical Methods for Medical and Biological Students. London, UKGeorge Allen & Unwin. 1940. 122\u2013132."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b16","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"334","article-title":"Morphology and growth in convex profile facial patterns: a longitudinal study.","volume":"69","author":"Karlsen, A. T.","year":"1999","unstructured":"Karlsen, A. T. and O.Krogstad. Morphology and growth in convex profile facial patterns: a longitudinal study.Angle Orthod1999. 69:334\u2013344."},{"key":"i0003-3219-82-3-432-b17","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"127","article-title":"Malocclusion and facial morphology: is there a relationship?","volume":"55","author":"Siriwat, P. P.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Siriwat, P. P. and J. R.Jarabak. Malocclusion and facial morphology: is there a relationship?Angle Orthod1985. 55:127\u2013138."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/82\/3\/article-p432.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/82\/3\/article-p432.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/82\/3\/article-p432.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:04:18Z","timestamp":1780070658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/82\/3\/article-p432.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/050711-322.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219","1945-7103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"},{"value":"1945-7103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}}}