{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:43:31Z","timestamp":1787161411651,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To examine the relationship between sagittal facial pattern and dehiscence\/fenestration presence in conjunction with buccolingual tooth inclination by using cone beam computed tomography.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n The study was carried out on the cone beam computed tomography scans of the following three groups of patients (n = 20 in each group): Class I, Class II, Class III. Buccolingual tooth inclination, buccal dehiscence\/fenestration presence, and lingual dehiscence\/fenestration presence were evaluated on each tooth. Analysis of variance, Kruskall-Wallis H, Scheffe, and chi-square tests were used for statistical comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Differences (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05) were observed between the groups for inclination of upper incisors and all lower teeth except for second molars. Dehiscence prevalence in the upper buccal and posterior buccal regions was higher (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < .05) in the Class I group when compared with the other groups. Lower buccal and anterior buccal regions showed higher (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .0001) dehiscence prevalence in all groups. No difference was observed in fenestration prevalence between the groups. The upper buccal and anterior buccal regions showed higher (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .0001) fenestration prevalence in all groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Orthodontists must consider concealed alveolar defects in treatment planning to avoid gingival recession or tooth mobility.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/050818-344.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,11]],"date-time":"2019-02-11T11:05:20Z","timestamp":1549883120000},"page":"544-551","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Appraisal of the relationship between tooth inclination, dehiscence, fenestration, and sagittal skeletal pattern with cone beam computed tomography"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"\u0130pek","family":"Co\u015fkun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice, Istanbul, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bur\u00e7ak","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ba\u015fkent University, Ankara, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"672","article-title":"Peridental bone changes after orthodontic tooth movement with fixed appliances: a cone-beam computed tomographic study","volume":"87","author":"J\u00e4ger \n F,","year":"2017","unstructured":"J\u00e4ger \n F, \n \n \n Mah \n JK, \n \n \n Bumann \n A. \n \n \n Peridental bone changes after orthodontic tooth movement with fixed appliances: a cone-beam computed tomographic study. Angle Orthod2017;87:672\u2013680."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b02","series-title":"Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, 4th Edition","first-page":"3","article-title":"The anatomy of periodontal tissues","author":"Lindhe \n J,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lindhe \n J, \n \n \n Karring \n T, \n \n \n Araujo \n M. \n \n \n The anatomy of periodontal tissues. In: Lindhe J, Karring T, Lang NP, eds. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, 4th Edition. Copenhagen, Denmark: Blackwell Munksgaard;2003:3\u201348."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b03","series-title":"Clinical Periodontology, 9th Edition","first-page":"45","article-title":"The tooth-supporting structures","author":"Carranza \n FA,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Carranza \n FA, \n \n \n Bernard \n GW. \n \n \n The tooth-supporting structures. In: Newman MG, Takei HH, Carranza FA, eds. Clinical Periodontology, 9th Edition. Philadephia: Saunders;2002:45\u201352."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"868","article-title":"Dehiscence and fenestration in patients with different vertical growth patterns assessed with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"82","author":"Enhos \n S,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Enhos \n S, \n \n \n Uysal \n T, \n \n \n Yagci \n A, \n \n \n Veli \n I, \n \n \n Ucar \n FI, \n \n \n Ozer \n T. \n \n \n Dehiscence and fenestration in patients with different vertical growth patterns assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:868\u2013874."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b05","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"192","article-title":"Alveolar bone morphology under the perspective of the computed tomography: defining the biological limits of tooth movement","volume":"15","author":"Garib \n DG,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garib \n DG, \n \n \n Yatebe \n MS, \n \n \n Ozawa \n TO, \n \n \n Silva-Filho \n OG. \n \n \n Alveolar bone morphology under the perspective of the computed tomography: defining the biological limits of tooth movement. Dental Press J Orthod. 2010;15:192\u2013205."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b06","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"168","article-title":"Martin Palomo J. Measuring buccolingual inclination of mandibular canines and first molars using CBCT","volume":"14","author":"Shewinvanakitkul \n W,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shewinvanakitkul \n W, \n \n \n Hans \n MG, \n \n \n Narendran \n S, \n \n \n Martin Palomo J. Measuring buccolingual inclination of mandibular canines and first molars using CBCT. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2011;14:168\u2013174."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"296","article-title":"The six keys to normal occlusion","volume":"62","author":"Andrews \n LF.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Andrews \n LF. \n \n \n The six keys to normal occlusion. Am J Orthod. 1972;62:296\u2013309."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b08","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"245","article-title":"Alveolar bone thickness around maxillary central incisors of different inclination assessed with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"45","author":"Tian \n YL,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tian \n YL, \n \n \n Liu \n F, \n \n \n Sun \n HJ, \n \n et al. \n Alveolar bone thickness around maxillary central incisors of different inclination assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Korean J Orthod. 2015;45:245\u2013252."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"133.e1","article-title":"Dehiscence and fenestration in patients with class I and class II division 1 malocclusion assessed with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"138","author":"Evangelista \n K,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Evangelista \n K, \n \n \n Vasconcelos \n KF, \n \n \n Bumann \n A, \n \n \n Hirsch \n E, \n \n \n Nitka \n M, \n \n \n Silva \n MA. \n \n \n Dehiscence and fenestration in patients with class I and class II division 1 malocclusion assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:133.e1\u2013133.e7."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"67","article-title":"Dehiscence and fenestration in skeletal Class I, II and III malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"82","author":"Yagci \n A,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yagci \n A, \n \n \n Veli \n I, \n \n \n Uysal \n T, \n \n \n Ucar \n FI, \n \n \n Ozer \n T, \n \n \n Enhos \n S. \n \n \n Dehiscence and fenestration in skeletal Class I, II and III malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:67\u201374."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"557","article-title":"Relationship between facial types and tooth and bone characteristics of the mandible obtained by CT scanning","volume":"68","author":"Tsunori \n M,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tsunori \n M, \n \n \n Mashita \n M, \n \n \n Kasai \n K. \n \n \n Relationship between facial types and tooth and bone characteristics of the mandible obtained by CT scanning. Angle Orthod. 1998;68:557\u2013562."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b12","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"15","article-title":"Relationship among facial type, buccolingual molar inclination and cortical bone thickness of the mandible","volume":"23","author":"Masumoto \n T,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Masumoto \n T, \n \n \n Hayashi \n I, \n \n \n Kawamura \n A, \n \n \n Tanaka \n K, \n \n \n Kasai \n K. \n \n \n Relationship among facial type, buccolingual molar inclination and cortical bone thickness of the mandible. Eur J Orthod. 2001;23:15\u201323."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"66","article-title":"Rino Neto J. Correlation between buccolingual tooth inclination and alveolar bone thickness in subjects with class III dentofacial deformities","volume":"152","author":"Sendyk \n M,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sendyk \n M, \n \n \n de Paiva \n JB, \n \n \n Abr\u00e3o \n J, \n \n \n Rino Neto J. Correlation between buccolingual tooth inclination and alveolar bone thickness in subjects with class III dentofacial deformities. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;152:66\u201379."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"598","article-title":"Buccolingual inclination of first molars in untreated adults: a CBCT study","volume":"87","author":"Alkhatib \n R,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alkhatib \n R, \n \n \n Chung \n CH. \n \n \n Buccolingual inclination of first molars in untreated adults: a CBCT study. Angle Orthod. 2017;87:598\u2013602."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"681","article-title":"Changes in the buccolingual inclination of first molars with growth in untreated subjects: a longitudinal study","volume":"87","author":"Sayania \n B,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sayania \n B, \n \n \n Merchant \n M, \n \n \n Josephs \n P, \n \n \n Chung \n CH. \n \n \n Changes in the buccolingual inclination of first molars with growth in untreated subjects: a longitudinal study. Angle Orthod. 2017;87:681\u2013687."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"476","article-title":"Trabecular and cortical bone as risk factors for orthodontic relapse","volume":"130","author":"Rothe \n LE,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rothe \n LE, \n \n \n Bollen \n AM, \n \n \n Little \n RM, \n \n et al. \n Trabecular and cortical bone as risk factors for orthodontic relapse. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:476\u2013484."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b17","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"226","article-title":"Change in maximum occlusal force in association with maxillofacial growth","volume":"10","author":"Usui \n T,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Usui \n T, \n \n \n Uematsu \n S, \n \n \n Kanegae \n H, \n \n \n Morimoto \n T, \n \n \n Kurihara \n S. \n \n \n Change in maximum occlusal force in association with maxillofacial growth. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2007;10:226\u2013234."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"495","article-title":"Cortical bone thickness at common miniscrew implant placement sites","volume":"139","author":"Farnsworth \n D,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Farnsworth \n D, \n \n \n Rossouw \n PE, \n \n \n Ceen \n RF, \n \n \n Buschang \n PH. \n \n \n Cortical bone thickness at common miniscrew implant placement sites. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139:495\u2013503."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"672","article-title":"Peridental bone changes after orthodontic tooth movement with fixed appliances: a cone-beam computed tomographic study","volume":"87","author":"J\u00e4ger \n F,","year":"2017","unstructured":"J\u00e4ger \n F, \n \n \n Mah \n JK, \n \n \n Bumann \n A. \n \n \n Peridental bone changes after orthodontic tooth movement with fixed appliances: a cone-beam computed tomographic study. Angle Orthod2017;87:672\u2013680."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b02","series-title":"Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, 4th Edition","first-page":"3","article-title":"The anatomy of periodontal tissues","author":"Lindhe \n J,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lindhe \n J, \n \n \n Karring \n T, \n \n \n Araujo \n M. \n \n \n The anatomy of periodontal tissues. In: Lindhe J, Karring T, Lang NP, eds. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, 4th Edition. Copenhagen, Denmark: Blackwell Munksgaard;2003:3\u201348."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b03","series-title":"Clinical Periodontology, 9th Edition","first-page":"45","article-title":"The tooth-supporting structures","author":"Carranza \n FA,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Carranza \n FA, \n \n \n Bernard \n GW. \n \n \n The tooth-supporting structures. In: Newman MG, Takei HH, Carranza FA, eds. Clinical Periodontology, 9th Edition. Philadephia: Saunders;2002:45\u201352."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"868","article-title":"Dehiscence and fenestration in patients with different vertical growth patterns assessed with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"82","author":"Enhos \n S,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Enhos \n S, \n \n \n Uysal \n T, \n \n \n Yagci \n A, \n \n \n Veli \n I, \n \n \n Ucar \n FI, \n \n \n Ozer \n T. \n \n \n Dehiscence and fenestration in patients with different vertical growth patterns assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:868\u2013874."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b05","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"192","article-title":"Alveolar bone morphology under the perspective of the computed tomography: defining the biological limits of tooth movement","volume":"15","author":"Garib \n DG,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Garib \n DG, \n \n \n Yatebe \n MS, \n \n \n Ozawa \n TO, \n \n \n Silva-Filho \n OG. \n \n \n Alveolar bone morphology under the perspective of the computed tomography: defining the biological limits of tooth movement. Dental Press J Orthod. 2010;15:192\u2013205."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b06","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"168","article-title":"Martin Palomo J. Measuring buccolingual inclination of mandibular canines and first molars using CBCT","volume":"14","author":"Shewinvanakitkul \n W,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shewinvanakitkul \n W, \n \n \n Hans \n MG, \n \n \n Narendran \n S, \n \n \n Martin Palomo J. Measuring buccolingual inclination of mandibular canines and first molars using CBCT. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2011;14:168\u2013174."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"296","article-title":"The six keys to normal occlusion","volume":"62","author":"Andrews \n LF.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Andrews \n LF. \n \n \n The six keys to normal occlusion. Am J Orthod. 1972;62:296\u2013309."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b08","series-title":"Korean J Orthod","first-page":"245","article-title":"Alveolar bone thickness around maxillary central incisors of different inclination assessed with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"45","author":"Tian \n YL,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tian \n YL, \n \n \n Liu \n F, \n \n \n Sun \n HJ, \n \n et al. \n Alveolar bone thickness around maxillary central incisors of different inclination assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Korean J Orthod. 2015;45:245\u2013252."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"133.e1","article-title":"Dehiscence and fenestration in patients with class I and class II division 1 malocclusion assessed with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"138","author":"Evangelista \n K,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Evangelista \n K, \n \n \n Vasconcelos \n KF, \n \n \n Bumann \n A, \n \n \n Hirsch \n E, \n \n \n Nitka \n M, \n \n \n Silva \n MA. \n \n \n Dehiscence and fenestration in patients with class I and class II division 1 malocclusion assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138:133.e1\u2013133.e7."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"67","article-title":"Dehiscence and fenestration in skeletal Class I, II and III malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"82","author":"Yagci \n A,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yagci \n A, \n \n \n Veli \n I, \n \n \n Uysal \n T, \n \n \n Ucar \n FI, \n \n \n Ozer \n T, \n \n \n Enhos \n S. \n \n \n Dehiscence and fenestration in skeletal Class I, II and III malocclusions assessed with cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod. 2012;82:67\u201374."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b11","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"557","article-title":"Relationship between facial types and tooth and bone characteristics of the mandible obtained by CT scanning","volume":"68","author":"Tsunori \n M,","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tsunori \n M, \n \n \n Mashita \n M, \n \n \n Kasai \n K. \n \n \n Relationship between facial types and tooth and bone characteristics of the mandible obtained by CT scanning. Angle Orthod. 1998;68:557\u2013562."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b12","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"15","article-title":"Relationship among facial type, buccolingual molar inclination and cortical bone thickness of the mandible","volume":"23","author":"Masumoto \n T,","year":"2001","unstructured":"Masumoto \n T, \n \n \n Hayashi \n I, \n \n \n Kawamura \n A, \n \n \n Tanaka \n K, \n \n \n Kasai \n K. \n \n \n Relationship among facial type, buccolingual molar inclination and cortical bone thickness of the mandible. Eur J Orthod. 2001;23:15\u201323."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b13","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"66","article-title":"Rino Neto J. Correlation between buccolingual tooth inclination and alveolar bone thickness in subjects with class III dentofacial deformities","volume":"152","author":"Sendyk \n M,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sendyk \n M, \n \n \n de Paiva \n JB, \n \n \n Abr\u00e3o \n J, \n \n \n Rino Neto J. Correlation between buccolingual tooth inclination and alveolar bone thickness in subjects with class III dentofacial deformities. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017;152:66\u201379."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"598","article-title":"Buccolingual inclination of first molars in untreated adults: a CBCT study","volume":"87","author":"Alkhatib \n R,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alkhatib \n R, \n \n \n Chung \n CH. \n \n \n Buccolingual inclination of first molars in untreated adults: a CBCT study. Angle Orthod. 2017;87:598\u2013602."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"681","article-title":"Changes in the buccolingual inclination of first molars with growth in untreated subjects: a longitudinal study","volume":"87","author":"Sayania \n B,","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sayania \n B, \n \n \n Merchant \n M, \n \n \n Josephs \n P, \n \n \n Chung \n CH. \n \n \n Changes in the buccolingual inclination of first molars with growth in untreated subjects: a longitudinal study. Angle Orthod. 2017;87:681\u2013687."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b16","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"476","article-title":"Trabecular and cortical bone as risk factors for orthodontic relapse","volume":"130","author":"Rothe \n LE,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rothe \n LE, \n \n \n Bollen \n AM, \n \n \n Little \n RM, \n \n et al. \n Trabecular and cortical bone as risk factors for orthodontic relapse. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;130:476\u2013484."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b17","series-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res","first-page":"226","article-title":"Change in maximum occlusal force in association with maxillofacial growth","volume":"10","author":"Usui \n T,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Usui \n T, \n \n \n Uematsu \n S, \n \n \n Kanegae \n H, \n \n \n Morimoto \n T, \n \n \n Kurihara \n S. \n \n \n Change in maximum occlusal force in association with maxillofacial growth. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2007;10:226\u2013234."},{"key":"i0003-3219-89-4-544-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"495","article-title":"Cortical bone thickness at common miniscrew implant placement sites","volume":"139","author":"Farnsworth \n D,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Farnsworth \n D, \n \n \n Rossouw \n PE, \n \n \n Ceen \n RF, \n \n \n Buschang \n PH. \n \n \n Cortical bone thickness at common miniscrew implant placement sites. 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