{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:23:05Z","timestamp":1789622585200,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess if subjects with a clinical diagnosis of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) have a similar prevalence of orthodontic history as a population of TMD-free individuals and to assess if those subjects who have a history of ideal orthodontics have fewer symptoms than those with a history of nonideal orthodontics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two groups of age- and sex-matched individuals belonging to either a study (\u201cTMD\u201d) or a control group were recruited. Subjects who underwent orthodontic treatment were classified as having a history of ideal or nonideal orthodontics based on the current presence of normal values in five reference occlusal features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The correlation with a history of orthodontic treatment was not clinically significant for any of the TMD diagnoses (ie, muscle pain, joint pain, disc displacement, arthrosis), with Phi (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03a6<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) coefficient values within the \u22120.120 to 0.058 range. Within the subset of patients with a history of orthodontics, the correlation of ideal or nonideal orthodontic treatment with TMD diagnoses was, in general, not clinically relevant or was weakly relevant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings confirmed the substantial absence of clinically significant effects of orthodontics as far as TMD is concerned. The very low correlation values of a negative or positive history of ideal or nonideal orthodontics with the different TMD diagnoses suggest that orthodontic treatment could not have a true role for TMD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/051015-318.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,29]],"date-time":"2015-10-29T11:19:27Z","timestamp":1446117567000},"page":"649-654","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Orthodontics is temporomandibular disorder\u2013neutral"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Manfredini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Temporomandibular Disorders Clinic, Section of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Stellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Head, Department of Neuroscience, School of Dentistry, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Gracco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Researcher, School of Dentistry, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Lombardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Researcher, Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca Guarda","family":"Nardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head, Temporomandibular Disorders Clinic, Section of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Siciliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Head, Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"r1","series-title":"J Orofac Pain","first-page":"93","article-title":"The etiology of temporomandibular disorders: implications for treatment","volume":"15","author":"Greene\n              CS.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Greene\n              CS. \n          \n          The etiology of temporomandibular disorders: implications for treatment. J Orofac Pain. 2001;15:93\u2013105."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"310","article-title":"Dental malocclusion is not related to temporomandibular joint clicking: a logistic regression analysis in a patient population","volume":"84","author":"Manfredini\n              D,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Manfredini\n              D, \n            \n              Perinetti\n              G, \n            \n              Guarda-Nardini\n              L. \n          \n          Dental malocclusion is not related to temporomandibular joint clicking: a logistic regression analysis in a patient population. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:310\u2013315."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"J Orofac Pain","first-page":"153","article-title":"Role of psychosocial factors in the etiology of bruxism","volume":"23","author":"Manfredini\n              D,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Manfredini\n              D, \n            \n              Lobbezoo\n              F. \n          \n          Role of psychosocial factors in the etiology of bruxism. J Orofac Pain. 2009;23:153\u2013166."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"J Pain","first-page":"T63","article-title":"Pain sensitivity and autonomic factors associated with development of TMD: the OPPERA prospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Greenspan\n              JD,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Greenspan\n              JD, \n            \n              Slade\n              GD, \n            \n              Bair\n              E, \n            et al. \n          Pain sensitivity and autonomic factors associated with development of TMD: the OPPERA prospective cohort study. J Pain. 2013;14(12 suppl):T63\u2013T74, e1\u2013e6."},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Int J Prosthod","first-page":"43","article-title":"A study of influence of occlusal factors and parafunctional habits on the prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD","volume":"15","author":"Celic\n              R,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Celic\n              R, \n            \n              Jerolimov\n              V, \n            \n              Panduric\n              J. \n          \n          A study of influence of occlusal factors and parafunctional habits on the prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD. Int J Prosthod. 2002;15:43\u201348."},{"key":"r6","series-title":"J Public Health Dent","first-page":"157","article-title":"Association between mandibular retrognathia and TMJ disorders in adult females","volume":"64","author":"Miller\n              JR,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Miller\n              JR, \n            \n              Burgess\n              JA, \n            \n              Critchlow\n              CW. \n          \n          Association between mandibular retrognathia and TMJ disorders in adult females. J Public Health Dent. 2004;64:157\u2013163."},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"109","article-title":"A 20-year follow-up of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and malocclusions in subjects with and without orthodontic treatment in childhood","volume":"73","author":"Egermark\n              I,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Egermark\n              I, \n            \n              Magnusson\n              T, \n            \n              Carlsson\n              GE. \n          \n          A 20-year follow-up of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and malocclusions in subjects with and without orthodontic treatment in childhood. Angle Orthod. 2003;73:109\u2013115."},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"752","article-title":"TMD before and after correction of dentofacial deformities by orthodontic and orthognathic treatment","volume":"42","author":"Abrahamsson\n              C,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abrahamsson\n              C, \n            \n              Henrikson\n              T, \n            \n              Nilner\n              M, \n            \n              Sunzel\n              B, \n            \n              Bonermark\n              I, \n            \n              Ekberg\n              EC. \n          \n          TMD before and after correction of dentofacial deformities by orthodontic and orthognathic treatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;42:752\u2013758."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"518","article-title":"Occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMD): still unsolved question","volume":"81","author":"Alanen\n              P.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Alanen\n              P. \n          \n          Occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMD): still unsolved question? J Dent Res. 2002;81:518\u2013519."},{"key":"r10","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"131","article-title":"Effects of correction of Class II malocclusion on the kinesiographic pattern of young adolescents: a case- control study","volume":"14","author":"Monaco\n              A,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Monaco\n              A, \n            \n              Petrucci\n              A, \n            \n              Marzo\n              G, \n            \n              Necozione\n              S, \n            \n              Gatto\n              R, \n            \n              Sgolastra\n              F. \n          \n          Effects of correction of Class II malocclusion on the kinesiographic pattern of young adolescents: a case- control study. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2013;14:131\u2013134."},{"key":"r11","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"502","article-title":"The dental occlusion as a suspected cause for TMDs: epidemiological and etiological considerations","volume":"39","author":"T\u00fcrp\n              JC,","year":"2012","unstructured":"T\u00fcrp\n              JC, \n            \n              Schindler\n              H. \n          \n          The dental occlusion as a suspected cause for TMDs: epidemiological and etiological considerations. J Oral Rehabil. 2012;39:502\u2013512."},{"key":"r12","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"296","article-title":"Establishing better biological models to understand occlusion","volume":"40","author":"Pullinger\n              A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pullinger\n              A. \n          \n          Establishing better biological models to understand occlusion. I:TM joint anatomic relationships. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40:296\u2013318."},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD003812","article-title":"Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders","volume":"1","author":"Koh\n              H,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koh\n              H, \n            \n              Robinson\n              PG. \n          \n          Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;1:CD003812."},{"key":"r14","series-title":"J Orofac Pain","first-page":"9","article-title":"Application of principles of evidence-based medicine to occlusal treatment for temporomandibular disorders: are there lessons to be learned","volume":"18","author":"Forssell\n              H,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Forssell\n              H, \n            \n              Kalso\n              E. \n          \n          Application of principles of evidence-based medicine to occlusal treatment for temporomandibular disorders: are there lessons to be learned? J Orofac Pain. 2004;18:9\u201322."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"107","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders","volume":"83","author":"McNamara\n              JA\n              Jr.","year":"1997","unstructured":"McNamara\n              JA\n              Jr. \n          \n          Orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997;83:107\u2013117."},{"key":"r16","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD006541","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006541.pub2","article-title":"Orthodontics for treating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders","volume":"7","author":"Luther\n              F,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Luther\n              F, \n            \n              Layton\n              S, \n            \n              McDonald\n              F. \n          \n          Orthodontics for treating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;7:CD006541. doi: 10.1002\/14651858.CD006541.pub2."},{"key":"r17","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"411","article-title":"The role of orthodontics in temporomandibular disorders","volume":"37","author":"Michelotti\n              A,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Michelotti\n              A, \n            \n              Iodice\n              G. \n          \n          The role of orthodontics in temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil. 2010;37:411\u2013429."},{"key":"r18","series-title":"J Craniomandib Disord","first-page":"301","article-title":"Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique","volume":"6","author":"Dworkin\n              SF,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dworkin\n              SF, \n            \n              LeResche\n              L. \n          \n          Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique. J Craniomandib Disord. 1992;6:301\u2013355."},{"key":"r19","series-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent","first-page":"119","article-title":"The prevalence of malocclusal traits and their correlations in mixed dentition children: results from the Italian OHSAR Survey","volume":"6","author":"Perinetti\n              G,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Perinetti\n              G, \n            \n              Cordella\n              C, \n            \n              Pellegrini\n              F, \n            \n              Esposito\n              P. \n          \n          The prevalence of malocclusal traits and their correlations in mixed dentition children: results from the Italian OHSAR Survey. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2008;6:119\u2013129."},{"key":"r20","series-title":"J Craniomandib Sleep Pract","first-page":"45","article-title":"Jaw clenching effects in relation to two extreme occlusal features: patterns of diagnoses in a TMD patient population","volume":"32","author":"Manfredini\n              D,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Manfredini\n              D, \n            \n              Vano\n              M, \n            \n              Peretta\n              R, \n            \n              Guarda-Nardini\n              L. \n          \n          Jaw clenching effects in relation to two extreme occlusal features: patterns of diagnoses in a TMD patient population. J Craniomandib Sleep Pract. 2014;32:45\u201350."},{"key":"r21","series-title":"J Orofac Pain","first-page":"163","article-title":"Occlusal factors are not related with self-reported bruxism","volume":"26","author":"Manfredini\n              D,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manfredini\n              D, \n            \n              Visscher\n              C, \n            \n              Guarda-Nardini\n              L, \n            \n              Lobbezoo\n              F. \n          \n          Occlusal factors are not related with self-reported bruxism. J Orofac Pain. 2012;26:163\u2013167."},{"key":"r22","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"749","article-title":"Correlation of RDC\/TMD axis I diagnoses and axis II pain-related disability. A multicenter study","volume":"15","author":"Manfredini\n              D,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Manfredini\n              D, \n            \n              Ahlberg\n              J, \n            \n              Winocur\n              E, \n            \n              Guarda-Nardini\n              L, \n            \n              Lobbezoo\n              F. \n          \n          Correlation of RDC\/TMD axis I diagnoses and axis II pain-related disability. A multicenter study. Clin Oral Investig. 2011;15:749\u2013756."},{"key":"r23","series-title":"Psychological Statistics","author":"McNemar\n              Q.","year":"1962","unstructured":"McNemar\n              Q. \n          \n          Psychological Statistics. New York, New York: Wiley; 1962."},{"key":"r24","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"66","article-title":"Quantification and validation of predictive values of occlusal variables in temporomandibular disorders using a multifactorial analysis","volume":"83","author":"Pullinger\n              AG,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pullinger\n              AG, \n            \n              Seligman\n              DA. \n          \n          Quantification and validation of predictive values of occlusal variables in temporomandibular disorders using a multifactorial analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2000;83:66\u201375."},{"key":"r25","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"446","article-title":"Dental occlusion: a critical reflection on past, present and future concepts","volume":"35","author":"T\u00fcrp\n              JC,","year":"2008","unstructured":"T\u00fcrp\n              JC, \n            \n              Greene\n              CS, \n            \n              Strub\n              JR. \n          \n          Dental occlusion: a critical reflection on past, present and future concepts. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35:446\u2013453."},{"key":"r26","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"101","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders assessment: medicolegal considerations in the evidence-based era","volume":"38","author":"Manfredini\n              D,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Manfredini\n              D, \n            \n              Bucci\n              MB, \n            \n              Montagna\n              F, \n            \n              Guarda-Nardini\n              L. \n          \n          Temporomandibular disorders assessment: medicolegal considerations in the evidence-based era. J Oral Rehabil. 2011;38:101\u2013119."},{"key":"r27","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol","first-page":"489","article-title":"Treating temporomandibular disorders with permanent mandibular repositioning: is it medically necessary","volume":"119","author":"Greene\n              CS,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Greene\n              CS, \n            \n              Obrez\n              A. \n          \n          Treating temporomandibular disorders with permanent mandibular repositioning: is it medically necessary? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2015;119:489\u2013498."},{"key":"r28","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"61","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of clinical symptoms in TMD patients who underwent occlusal reconstruction by orthodontic treatment","volume":"22","author":"Imai\n              T,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Imai\n              T, \n            \n              Okamoto\n              T, \n            \n              Kaneko\n              T, \n            \n              Umeda\n              K, \n            \n              Yamamoto\n              T, \n            \n              Nakamura\n              S. \n          \n          Long-term follow-up of clinical symptoms in TMD patients who underwent occlusal reconstruction by orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2000;22:61\u201367."},{"key":"r29","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"129","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders, occlusion and orthodontic treatment","volume":"30","author":"Henrikson\n              T,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Henrikson\n              T, \n            \n              Nilner\n              M. \n          \n          Temporomandibular disorders, occlusion and orthodontic treatment. J Orthod. 2003;30:129\u2013137."},{"key":"r30","series-title":"TMD and its medicolegal considerations in contemporary orthodontic practice","first-page":"133","author":"Jerrold\n              L,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jerrold\n              L, \n            \n              Kandasamy\n              S, \n            \n              Manfredini\n              D. \n          \n          TMD and its medicolegal considerations in contemporary orthodontic practice. In: KandasamyS, RinchuseD, GreeneCS, StockstillJW, eds. TMD and Orthodontics. A Clinical Guide for the Orthodontist. New York, New York: Springer; 2015:133\u2013141."},{"key":"r1","series-title":"J Orofac Pain","first-page":"93","article-title":"The etiology of temporomandibular disorders: implications for treatment","volume":"15","author":"Greene\n              CS.","year":"2001","unstructured":"Greene\n              CS. \n          \n          The etiology of temporomandibular disorders: implications for treatment. J Orofac Pain. 2001;15:93\u2013105."},{"key":"r2","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"310","article-title":"Dental malocclusion is not related to temporomandibular joint clicking: a logistic regression analysis in a patient population","volume":"84","author":"Manfredini\n              D,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Manfredini\n              D, \n            \n              Perinetti\n              G, \n            \n              Guarda-Nardini\n              L. \n          \n          Dental malocclusion is not related to temporomandibular joint clicking: a logistic regression analysis in a patient population. Angle Orthod. 2014;84:310\u2013315."},{"key":"r3","series-title":"J Orofac Pain","first-page":"153","article-title":"Role of psychosocial factors in the etiology of bruxism","volume":"23","author":"Manfredini\n              D,","year":"2009","unstructured":"Manfredini\n              D, \n            \n              Lobbezoo\n              F. \n          \n          Role of psychosocial factors in the etiology of bruxism. J Orofac Pain. 2009;23:153\u2013166."},{"key":"r4","series-title":"J Pain","first-page":"T63","article-title":"Pain sensitivity and autonomic factors associated with development of TMD: the OPPERA prospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Greenspan\n              JD,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Greenspan\n              JD, \n            \n              Slade\n              GD, \n            \n              Bair\n              E, \n            et al. \n          Pain sensitivity and autonomic factors associated with development of TMD: the OPPERA prospective cohort study. J Pain. 2013;14(12 suppl):T63\u2013T74, e1\u2013e6."},{"key":"r5","series-title":"Int J Prosthod","first-page":"43","article-title":"A study of influence of occlusal factors and parafunctional habits on the prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD","volume":"15","author":"Celic\n              R,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Celic\n              R, \n            \n              Jerolimov\n              V, \n            \n              Panduric\n              J. \n          \n          A study of influence of occlusal factors and parafunctional habits on the prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD. Int J Prosthod. 2002;15:43\u201348."},{"key":"r6","series-title":"J Public Health Dent","first-page":"157","article-title":"Association between mandibular retrognathia and TMJ disorders in adult females","volume":"64","author":"Miller\n              JR,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Miller\n              JR, \n            \n              Burgess\n              JA, \n            \n              Critchlow\n              CW. \n          \n          Association between mandibular retrognathia and TMJ disorders in adult females. J Public Health Dent. 2004;64:157\u2013163."},{"key":"r7","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"109","article-title":"A 20-year follow-up of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and malocclusions in subjects with and without orthodontic treatment in childhood","volume":"73","author":"Egermark\n              I,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Egermark\n              I, \n            \n              Magnusson\n              T, \n            \n              Carlsson\n              GE. \n          \n          A 20-year follow-up of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and malocclusions in subjects with and without orthodontic treatment in childhood. Angle Orthod. 2003;73:109\u2013115."},{"key":"r8","series-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"752","article-title":"TMD before and after correction of dentofacial deformities by orthodontic and orthognathic treatment","volume":"42","author":"Abrahamsson\n              C,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abrahamsson\n              C, \n            \n              Henrikson\n              T, \n            \n              Nilner\n              M, \n            \n              Sunzel\n              B, \n            \n              Bonermark\n              I, \n            \n              Ekberg\n              EC. \n          \n          TMD before and after correction of dentofacial deformities by orthodontic and orthognathic treatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;42:752\u2013758."},{"key":"r9","series-title":"J Dent Res","first-page":"518","article-title":"Occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMD): still unsolved question","volume":"81","author":"Alanen\n              P.","year":"2002","unstructured":"Alanen\n              P. \n          \n          Occlusion and temporomandibular disorders (TMD): still unsolved question? J Dent Res. 2002;81:518\u2013519."},{"key":"r10","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"131","article-title":"Effects of correction of Class II malocclusion on the kinesiographic pattern of young adolescents: a case- control study","volume":"14","author":"Monaco\n              A,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Monaco\n              A, \n            \n              Petrucci\n              A, \n            \n              Marzo\n              G, \n            \n              Necozione\n              S, \n            \n              Gatto\n              R, \n            \n              Sgolastra\n              F. \n          \n          Effects of correction of Class II malocclusion on the kinesiographic pattern of young adolescents: a case- control study. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2013;14:131\u2013134."},{"key":"r11","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"502","article-title":"The dental occlusion as a suspected cause for TMDs: epidemiological and etiological considerations","volume":"39","author":"T\u00fcrp\n              JC,","year":"2012","unstructured":"T\u00fcrp\n              JC, \n            \n              Schindler\n              H. \n          \n          The dental occlusion as a suspected cause for TMDs: epidemiological and etiological considerations. J Oral Rehabil. 2012;39:502\u2013512."},{"key":"r12","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"296","article-title":"Establishing better biological models to understand occlusion","volume":"40","author":"Pullinger\n              A.","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pullinger\n              A. \n          \n          Establishing better biological models to understand occlusion. I:TM joint anatomic relationships. J Oral Rehabil. 2013;40:296\u2013318."},{"key":"r13","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD003812","article-title":"Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders","volume":"1","author":"Koh\n              H,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koh\n              H, \n            \n              Robinson\n              PG. \n          \n          Occlusal adjustment for treating and preventing temporomandibular joint disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;1:CD003812."},{"key":"r14","series-title":"J Orofac Pain","first-page":"9","article-title":"Application of principles of evidence-based medicine to occlusal treatment for temporomandibular disorders: are there lessons to be learned","volume":"18","author":"Forssell\n              H,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Forssell\n              H, \n            \n              Kalso\n              E. \n          \n          Application of principles of evidence-based medicine to occlusal treatment for temporomandibular disorders: are there lessons to be learned? J Orofac Pain. 2004;18:9\u201322."},{"key":"r15","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod","first-page":"107","article-title":"Orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders","volume":"83","author":"McNamara\n              JA\n              Jr.","year":"1997","unstructured":"McNamara\n              JA\n              Jr. \n          \n          Orthodontic treatment and temporomandibular disorders. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997;83:107\u2013117."},{"key":"r16","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD006541","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006541.pub2","article-title":"Orthodontics for treating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders","volume":"7","author":"Luther\n              F,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Luther\n              F, \n            \n              Layton\n              S, \n            \n              McDonald\n              F. \n          \n          Orthodontics for treating temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;7:CD006541. doi: 10.1002\/14651858.CD006541.pub2."},{"key":"r17","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"411","article-title":"The role of orthodontics in temporomandibular disorders","volume":"37","author":"Michelotti\n              A,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Michelotti\n              A, \n            \n              Iodice\n              G. \n          \n          The role of orthodontics in temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil. 2010;37:411\u2013429."},{"key":"r18","series-title":"J Craniomandib Disord","first-page":"301","article-title":"Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique","volume":"6","author":"Dworkin\n              SF,","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dworkin\n              SF, \n            \n              LeResche\n              L. \n          \n          Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders: review, criteria, examinations and specifications, critique. J Craniomandib Disord. 1992;6:301\u2013355."},{"key":"r19","series-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent","first-page":"119","article-title":"The prevalence of malocclusal traits and their correlations in mixed dentition children: results from the Italian OHSAR Survey","volume":"6","author":"Perinetti\n              G,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Perinetti\n              G, \n            \n              Cordella\n              C, \n            \n              Pellegrini\n              F, \n            \n              Esposito\n              P. \n          \n          The prevalence of malocclusal traits and their correlations in mixed dentition children: results from the Italian OHSAR Survey. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2008;6:119\u2013129."},{"key":"r20","series-title":"J Craniomandib Sleep Pract","first-page":"45","article-title":"Jaw clenching effects in relation to two extreme occlusal features: patterns of diagnoses in a TMD patient population","volume":"32","author":"Manfredini\n              D,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Manfredini\n              D, \n            \n              Vano\n              M, \n            \n              Peretta\n              R, \n            \n              Guarda-Nardini\n              L. \n          \n          Jaw clenching effects in relation to two extreme occlusal features: patterns of diagnoses in a TMD patient population. J Craniomandib Sleep Pract. 2014;32:45\u201350."},{"key":"r21","series-title":"J Orofac Pain","first-page":"163","article-title":"Occlusal factors are not related with self-reported bruxism","volume":"26","author":"Manfredini\n              D,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manfredini\n              D, \n            \n              Visscher\n              C, \n            \n              Guarda-Nardini\n              L, \n            \n              Lobbezoo\n              F. \n          \n          Occlusal factors are not related with self-reported bruxism. J Orofac Pain. 2012;26:163\u2013167."},{"key":"r22","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"749","article-title":"Correlation of RDC\/TMD axis I diagnoses and axis II pain-related disability. A multicenter study","volume":"15","author":"Manfredini\n              D,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Manfredini\n              D, \n            \n              Ahlberg\n              J, \n            \n              Winocur\n              E, \n            \n              Guarda-Nardini\n              L, \n            \n              Lobbezoo\n              F. \n          \n          Correlation of RDC\/TMD axis I diagnoses and axis II pain-related disability. A multicenter study. Clin Oral Investig. 2011;15:749\u2013756."},{"key":"r23","series-title":"Psychological Statistics","author":"McNemar\n              Q.","year":"1962","unstructured":"McNemar\n              Q. \n          \n          Psychological Statistics. New York, New York: Wiley; 1962."},{"key":"r24","series-title":"J Prosthet Dent","first-page":"66","article-title":"Quantification and validation of predictive values of occlusal variables in temporomandibular disorders using a multifactorial analysis","volume":"83","author":"Pullinger\n              AG,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pullinger\n              AG, \n            \n              Seligman\n              DA. \n          \n          Quantification and validation of predictive values of occlusal variables in temporomandibular disorders using a multifactorial analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2000;83:66\u201375."},{"key":"r25","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"446","article-title":"Dental occlusion: a critical reflection on past, present and future concepts","volume":"35","author":"T\u00fcrp\n              JC,","year":"2008","unstructured":"T\u00fcrp\n              JC, \n            \n              Greene\n              CS, \n            \n              Strub\n              JR. \n          \n          Dental occlusion: a critical reflection on past, present and future concepts. J Oral Rehabil. 2008;35:446\u2013453."},{"key":"r26","series-title":"J Oral Rehabil","first-page":"101","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders assessment: medicolegal considerations in the evidence-based era","volume":"38","author":"Manfredini\n              D,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Manfredini\n              D, \n            \n              Bucci\n              MB, \n            \n              Montagna\n              F, \n            \n              Guarda-Nardini\n              L. \n          \n          Temporomandibular disorders assessment: medicolegal considerations in the evidence-based era. J Oral Rehabil. 2011;38:101\u2013119."},{"key":"r27","series-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol","first-page":"489","article-title":"Treating temporomandibular disorders with permanent mandibular repositioning: is it medically necessary","volume":"119","author":"Greene\n              CS,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Greene\n              CS, \n            \n              Obrez\n              A. \n          \n          Treating temporomandibular disorders with permanent mandibular repositioning: is it medically necessary? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2015;119:489\u2013498."},{"key":"r28","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"61","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of clinical symptoms in TMD patients who underwent occlusal reconstruction by orthodontic treatment","volume":"22","author":"Imai\n              T,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Imai\n              T, \n            \n              Okamoto\n              T, \n            \n              Kaneko\n              T, \n            \n              Umeda\n              K, \n            \n              Yamamoto\n              T, \n            \n              Nakamura\n              S. \n          \n          Long-term follow-up of clinical symptoms in TMD patients who underwent occlusal reconstruction by orthodontic treatment. Eur J Orthod. 2000;22:61\u201367."},{"key":"r29","series-title":"J Orthod","first-page":"129","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders, occlusion and orthodontic treatment","volume":"30","author":"Henrikson\n              T,","year":"2003","unstructured":"Henrikson\n              T, \n            \n              Nilner\n              M. \n          \n          Temporomandibular disorders, occlusion and orthodontic treatment. J Orthod. 2003;30:129\u2013137."},{"key":"r30","series-title":"TMD and its medicolegal considerations in contemporary orthodontic practice","first-page":"133","author":"Jerrold\n              L,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jerrold\n              L, \n            \n              Kandasamy\n              S, \n            \n              Manfredini\n              D. \n          \n          TMD and its medicolegal considerations in contemporary orthodontic practice. In: KandasamyS, RinchuseD, GreeneCS, StockstillJW, eds. TMD and Orthodontics. A Clinical Guide for the Orthodontist. New York, New York: Springer; 2015:133\u2013141."}],"container-title":["The Angle Orthodontist"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/86\/4\/article-p649.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/meridian.allenpress.com\/angle-orthodontist\/article-pdf\/86\/4\/649\/1397205\/051015-318_1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/86\/4\/article-p649.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/downloadpdf\/journals\/angl\/86\/4\/article-p649.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T15:36:47Z","timestamp":1780069007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/angle-orthodontist.kglmeridian.com\/view\/journals\/angl\/86\/4\/article-p649.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/051015-318.1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0003-3219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0003-3219","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]}}}