{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T22:23:46Z","timestamp":1791671026521,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs1\">\n                    <jats:title>Objective:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine three-dimensional (3D) effects of three different rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliances on facial soft tissues.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs2\">\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-two children (18 boys, 24 girls) who required RME treatment were included in this study. Patients were randomly divided into three equal groups: banded RME, acrylic splint RME, and modified acrylic splint RME. For each patient, 3D images were obtained before treatment (T1) and at the end of the 3-month retention (T2) with the 3dMD system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs3\">\n                    <jats:title>Results:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      When three RME appliances were compared in terms of the effects on the facial soft tissues, there were no significant differences among them. The mouth and nasal width showed a significant increase in all groups. Although the effect of the acrylic splint RME appliances on total face height was less than that of the banded RME, there was no significant difference between the appliances. The effect of the modified acrylic splint appliance on the upper lip was significant according to the volumetric measurements (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"abs4\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:\u2002<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were no significant differences among three RME appliances on the facial soft tissues. The modified acrylic splint RME produced a more protrusive effect on the upper lip.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2319\/051115-319.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,18]],"date-time":"2015-09-18T11:19:40Z","timestamp":1442575180000},"page":"590-598","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effects of different rapid maxillary expansion appliances on facial soft tissues using three-dimensional imaging"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Sedat","family":"Alt\u0131ndi\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private practice, Kayseri, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebubekir","family":"Toy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faruk Ayhan","family":"Ba\u015f\u00e7ift\u00e7i","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"200","article-title":"The treatment of maxillary deficiency by opening the midpalatal suture","volume":"35","author":"Haas\n              AJ.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Haas\n              AJ. \n          \n          The treatment of maxillary deficiency by opening the midpalatal suture. Angle Orthod. 1965;35:200\u2013217."},{"key":"b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"41","article-title":"Skeletal and dental changes accompanying rapid midpalatal suture opening","volume":"58","author":"Wertz\n              RA.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Wertz\n              RA. \n          \n          Skeletal and dental changes accompanying rapid midpalatal suture opening. Am J Orthod. 1970;58:41\u201366."},{"key":"b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"178","article-title":"Forces produced by rapid maxillary expansion: III. Forces present during retention","volume":"35","author":"Zimring\n              JF,","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zimring\n              JF, \n            \n              Isaacson\n              RJ. \n          \n          Forces produced by rapid maxillary expansion: III. Forces present during retention. Angle Orthod. 1965;35:178\u2013186."},{"key":"b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"851","article-title":"CBCT of skeletal changes following rapid maxillary expansion to increase arch-length with a development-dependent bonded or banded appliance","volume":"83","author":"Kanomi\n              R,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kanomi\n              R, \n            \n              Deguchi\n              T, \n            \n              Kakuno\n              E, \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T, \n            \n              Roberts\n              WE. \n          \n          CBCT of skeletal changes following rapid maxillary expansion to increase arch-length with a development-dependent bonded or banded appliance. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:851\u2013857."},{"key":"b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"257","article-title":"The biomechanics of rapid maxillary sutural expansion","volume":"118","author":"Braun\n              S,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Braun\n              S, \n            \n              Bottrel\n              A, \n            \n              Lee\n              KG, \n            \n              Lunazzi\n              JJ, \n            \n              Legan\n              H. \n          \n          The biomechanics of rapid maxillary sutural expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:257\u2013261."},{"key":"b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"569","article-title":"Skeletal and dental changes in the sagittal, vertical, and transverse dimensions after rapid palatal expansion","volume":"126","author":"Chung\n              CH,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chung\n              CH, \n            \n              Font\n              B. \n          \n          Skeletal and dental changes in the sagittal, vertical, and transverse dimensions after rapid palatal expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126:569\u2013575."},{"key":"b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"171","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion in the primary and mixed dentitions: a cephalometric evaluation","volume":"100","author":"Silva Filho\n              OG,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Silva Filho\n              OG, \n            \n              Villas Boas\n              MC, \n            \n              Capelozza Filho\n              L. \n          \n          Rapid maxillary expansion in the primary and mixed dentitions: a cephalometric evaluation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991;100:171\u2013181."},{"key":"b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"321","article-title":"Skeletal and dental changes after maxillary expansion in the mixed dentition","volume":"111","author":"Sandikcioglu\n              M,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sandikcioglu\n              M, \n            \n              Hazar\n              S. \n          \n          Skeletal and dental changes after maxillary expansion in the mixed dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997;111:321\u2013327."},{"key":"b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"327","article-title":"Craniofacial morphometry by photographic evaluations","volume":"103","author":"Ferrario\n              VF,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ferrario\n              VF, \n            \n              Sforza\n              C, \n            \n              Miani\n              A, \n            \n              Tartaglia\n              G. \n          \n          Craniofacial morphometry by photographic evaluations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;103:327\u2013337."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"507","article-title":"Digital three-dimensional photogrammetry: evaluation of anthropometric precision and accuracy using a Genex 3D camera system","volume":"41","author":"Weinberg\n              SM,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weinberg\n              SM, \n            \n              Scott\n              NM, \n            \n              Neiswanger\n              K, \n            \n              Brandon\n              CA, \n            \n              Marazita\n              ML. \n          \n          Digital three-dimensional photogrammetry: evaluation of anthropometric precision and accuracy using a Genex 3D camera system. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2004;41:507\u2013518."},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"612","article-title":"Completing the 3-dimensional picture","volume":"133","author":"Lane\n              C,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lane\n              C, \n            \n              Harrell W\n              Jr. \n          \n          Completing the 3-dimensional picture. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:612\u2013620."},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Eur J Dent","first-page":"132","article-title":"Three-dimensional imaging techniques: a literature review","volume":"8","author":"Karatas\n              OH,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karatas\n              OH, \n            \n              Toy\n              E. \n          \n          Three-dimensional imaging techniques: a literature review. Eur J Dent. 2014;8:132\u2013140."},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"67","article-title":"A hygienic appliance for rapid expansion","volume":"2","author":"Biederman\n              W.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Biederman\n              W. \n          \n          A hygienic appliance for rapid expansion. J Clin Orthod. 1968;2:67\u201370."},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Orthodontic and Orthopedic Treatment in the Mixed Dentition","author":"McNamara JA\n              Jr,","year":"2001","unstructured":"McNamara JA\n              Jr, \n            \n              Burdon\n              WL. \n          \n          Orthodontic and Orthopedic Treatment in the Mixed Dentition. Ann Arbor, MI: Needham Press; 2001."},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"61","article-title":"Effects of a modified acrylic bonded rapid maxillary expansion appliance and vertical chin cap on dentofacial structures","volume":"72","author":"Basciftci\n              FA,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Basciftci\n              FA, \n            \n              Karaman\n              AI. \n          \n          Effects of a modified acrylic bonded rapid maxillary expansion appliance and vertical chin cap on dentofacial structures. Angle Orthod. 2002;72:61\u201371."},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Anthropometry of the Head and Face","author":"Farkas\n              LG.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Farkas\n              LG. \n          \n          Anthropometry of the Head and Face. New York, NY, USA: Raven Press;1994."},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"2017","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of soft tissue changes in the orofacial region after tooth-borne and bone-borne surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"17","author":"Nada\n              RM,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nada\n              RM, \n            \n              van Loon\n              B, \n            \n              Maal\n              TJ, \n            et al. \n          Three-dimensional evaluation of soft tissue changes in the orofacial region after tooth-borne and bone-borne surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion. Clin Oral Investig. 2013;17:2017\u20132024."},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"72","article-title":"Clinical application of 3D imaging for assessment of treatment outcomes","volume":"17","author":"Cevidanes\n              LH,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cevidanes\n              LH, \n            \n              Oliveira\n              AE, \n            \n              Grauer\n              D, \n            \n              Styner\n              M, \n            \n              Proffit\n              WR. \n          \n          Clinical application of 3D imaging for assessment of treatment outcomes. Semin Orthod. 2011;17:72\u201380."},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"763","article-title":"Precision and accuracy of the 3dMD photogrammetric system in craniomaxillofacial application","volume":"21","author":"L\u00fcbbers\n              HT,","year":"2010","unstructured":"L\u00fcbbers\n              HT, \n            \n              Medinger\n              L, \n            \n              Kruse\n              A, \n            \n              Gr\u00e4tz\n              KW, \n            \n              Matthews\n              F. \n          \n          Precision and accuracy of the 3dMD photogrammetric system in craniomaxillofacial application. J Craniofac Surg. 2010;21:763\u2013767."},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Ann Plast Surg","first-page":"471","article-title":"Validating three-dimensional imaging of the breast","volume":"54","author":"Losken\n              A,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Losken\n              A, \n            \n              Seify\n              H, \n            \n              Denson\n              DD, \n            \n              Paredes AA\n              Jr, \n            \n              Carlson\n              GW. \n          \n          Validating three-dimensional imaging of the breast. Ann Plast Surg. 2005;54:471\u2013476."},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"462","article-title":"Skeletal changes in vertical and anterior displacement of the maxilla with bonded rapid palatal expansion appliances","volume":"95","author":"Sarver\n              DM,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sarver\n              DM, \n            \n              Johnston\n              MW. \n          \n          Skeletal changes in vertical and anterior displacement of the maxilla with bonded rapid palatal expansion appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989;95:462\u2013466."},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"15","article-title":"Comparison of Hyrax and bonded expansion appliances","volume":"67","author":"Asanza\n              S,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Asanza\n              S, \n            \n              Cisneros\n              GJ, \n            \n              Nieberg\n              LG. \n          \n          Comparison of Hyrax and bonded expansion appliances. Angle Orthod. 1997;67:15\u201322."},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"367","article-title":"Soft tissue profile changes after rapid maxillary expansion with a bonded expander","volume":"34","author":"Dos Santos\n              BM,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dos Santos\n              BM, \n            \n              Stuani\n              AS, \n            \n              Faria\n              G, \n            \n              Quintao\n              CC, \n            \n              Sasso Stuani\n              MB. \n          \n          Soft tissue profile changes after rapid maxillary expansion with a bonded expander. Eur J Orthod. 2012;34:367\u2013373."},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"448","article-title":"Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of changes in the naso-maxillary complex associated with two types of maxillary expanders","volume":"82","author":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh\n              V,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pangrazio-Kulbersh\n              V, \n            \n              Wine\n              P, \n            \n              Haughey\n              M, \n            \n              Pajtas\n              B, \n            \n              Kaczynski\n              R. \n          \n          Cone beam computed tomography evaluation of changes in the naso-maxillary complex associated with two types of maxillary expanders. Angle Orthod. 2011;82:448\u2013457."},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"995","article-title":"Changes in soft tissue nasal widths associated with rapid maxillary expansion in prepubertal and postpubertal subjects","volume":"80","author":"Johnson\n              BM,","year":"2010","unstructured":"Johnson\n              BM, \n            \n              McNamara JA\n              Jr, \n            \n              Bandeen\n              RL, \n            \n              Baccetti\n              T. \n          \n          Changes in soft tissue nasal widths associated with rapid maxillary expansion in prepubertal and postpubertal subjects. Angle Orthod. 2010;80:995\u20131001."},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"563","article-title":"Photographic analysis of facial changes associated with maxillary expansion","volume":"116","author":"Berger\n              JL,","year":"1999","unstructured":"Berger\n              JL, \n            \n              Pangrazio-Kulbersh\n              V, \n            \n              Thomas\n              BW, \n            \n              Kaczynski\n              R. \n          \n          Photographic analysis of facial changes associated with maxillary expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;116:563\u2013571."},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Dental Press J Orthod","first-page":"157","article-title":"Evaluation of immediate soft tissue changes after rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"17","author":"Kim\n              KB,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim\n              KB, \n            \n              Adams\n              D, \n            \n              Ara\u00fajo\n              EA, \n            \n              Behrents\n              RG. \n          \n          Evaluation of immediate soft tissue changes after rapid maxillary expansion. Dental Press J Orthod. 2012;17:157\u2013164."},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"398","article-title":"Effects of rapid palatal expansion on the sagittal and vertical dimensions of the maxilla: a study on cephalograms derived from cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"144","author":"Habeeb\n              M,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Habeeb\n              M, \n            \n              Boucher\n              N, \n            \n              Chung\n              CH. \n          \n          Effects of rapid palatal expansion on the sagittal and vertical dimensions of the maxilla: a study on cephalograms derived from cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;144:398\u2013403."},{"key":"b01","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"200","article-title":"The treatment of maxillary deficiency by opening the midpalatal suture","volume":"35","author":"Haas\n              AJ.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Haas\n              AJ. \n          \n          The treatment of maxillary deficiency by opening the midpalatal suture. Angle Orthod. 1965;35:200\u2013217."},{"key":"b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"41","article-title":"Skeletal and dental changes accompanying rapid midpalatal suture opening","volume":"58","author":"Wertz\n              RA.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Wertz\n              RA. \n          \n          Skeletal and dental changes accompanying rapid midpalatal suture opening. Am J Orthod. 1970;58:41\u201366."},{"key":"b03","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"178","article-title":"Forces produced by rapid maxillary expansion: III. Forces present during retention","volume":"35","author":"Zimring\n              JF,","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zimring\n              JF, \n            \n              Isaacson\n              RJ. \n          \n          Forces produced by rapid maxillary expansion: III. Forces present during retention. Angle Orthod. 1965;35:178\u2013186."},{"key":"b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"851","article-title":"CBCT of skeletal changes following rapid maxillary expansion to increase arch-length with a development-dependent bonded or banded appliance","volume":"83","author":"Kanomi\n              R,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kanomi\n              R, \n            \n              Deguchi\n              T, \n            \n              Kakuno\n              E, \n            \n              Takano-Yamamoto\n              T, \n            \n              Roberts\n              WE. \n          \n          CBCT of skeletal changes following rapid maxillary expansion to increase arch-length with a development-dependent bonded or banded appliance. Angle Orthod. 2013;83:851\u2013857."},{"key":"b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"257","article-title":"The biomechanics of rapid maxillary sutural expansion","volume":"118","author":"Braun\n              S,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Braun\n              S, \n            \n              Bottrel\n              A, \n            \n              Lee\n              KG, \n            \n              Lunazzi\n              JJ, \n            \n              Legan\n              H. \n          \n          The biomechanics of rapid maxillary sutural expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;118:257\u2013261."},{"key":"b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"569","article-title":"Skeletal and dental changes in the sagittal, vertical, and transverse dimensions after rapid palatal expansion","volume":"126","author":"Chung\n              CH,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chung\n              CH, \n            \n              Font\n              B. \n          \n          Skeletal and dental changes in the sagittal, vertical, and transverse dimensions after rapid palatal expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126:569\u2013575."},{"key":"b07","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"171","article-title":"Rapid maxillary expansion in the primary and mixed dentitions: a cephalometric evaluation","volume":"100","author":"Silva Filho\n              OG,","year":"1991","unstructured":"Silva Filho\n              OG, \n            \n              Villas Boas\n              MC, \n            \n              Capelozza Filho\n              L. \n          \n          Rapid maxillary expansion in the primary and mixed dentitions: a cephalometric evaluation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1991;100:171\u2013181."},{"key":"b08","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"321","article-title":"Skeletal and dental changes after maxillary expansion in the mixed dentition","volume":"111","author":"Sandikcioglu\n              M,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sandikcioglu\n              M, \n            \n              Hazar\n              S. \n          \n          Skeletal and dental changes after maxillary expansion in the mixed dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997;111:321\u2013327."},{"key":"b09","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"327","article-title":"Craniofacial morphometry by photographic evaluations","volume":"103","author":"Ferrario\n              VF,","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ferrario\n              VF, \n            \n              Sforza\n              C, \n            \n              Miani\n              A, \n            \n              Tartaglia\n              G. \n          \n          Craniofacial morphometry by photographic evaluations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1993;103:327\u2013337."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"507","article-title":"Digital three-dimensional photogrammetry: evaluation of anthropometric precision and accuracy using a Genex 3D camera system","volume":"41","author":"Weinberg\n              SM,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weinberg\n              SM, \n            \n              Scott\n              NM, \n            \n              Neiswanger\n              K, \n            \n              Brandon\n              CA, \n            \n              Marazita\n              ML. \n          \n          Digital three-dimensional photogrammetry: evaluation of anthropometric precision and accuracy using a Genex 3D camera system. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2004;41:507\u2013518."},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"612","article-title":"Completing the 3-dimensional picture","volume":"133","author":"Lane\n              C,","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lane\n              C, \n            \n              Harrell W\n              Jr. \n          \n          Completing the 3-dimensional picture. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008;133:612\u2013620."},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Eur J Dent","first-page":"132","article-title":"Three-dimensional imaging techniques: a literature review","volume":"8","author":"Karatas\n              OH,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karatas\n              OH, \n            \n              Toy\n              E. \n          \n          Three-dimensional imaging techniques: a literature review. Eur J Dent. 2014;8:132\u2013140."},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Clin Orthod","first-page":"67","article-title":"A hygienic appliance for rapid expansion","volume":"2","author":"Biederman\n              W.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Biederman\n              W. \n          \n          A hygienic appliance for rapid expansion. J Clin Orthod. 1968;2:67\u201370."},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Orthodontic and Orthopedic Treatment in the Mixed Dentition","author":"McNamara JA\n              Jr,","year":"2001","unstructured":"McNamara JA\n              Jr, \n            \n              Burdon\n              WL. \n          \n          Orthodontic and Orthopedic Treatment in the Mixed Dentition. Ann Arbor, MI: Needham Press; 2001."},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"61","article-title":"Effects of a modified acrylic bonded rapid maxillary expansion appliance and vertical chin cap on dentofacial structures","volume":"72","author":"Basciftci\n              FA,","year":"2002","unstructured":"Basciftci\n              FA, \n            \n              Karaman\n              AI. \n          \n          Effects of a modified acrylic bonded rapid maxillary expansion appliance and vertical chin cap on dentofacial structures. Angle Orthod. 2002;72:61\u201371."},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Anthropometry of the Head and Face","author":"Farkas\n              LG.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Farkas\n              LG. \n          \n          Anthropometry of the Head and Face. New York, NY, USA: Raven Press;1994."},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Clin Oral Investig","first-page":"2017","article-title":"Three-dimensional evaluation of soft tissue changes in the orofacial region after tooth-borne and bone-borne surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion","volume":"17","author":"Nada\n              RM,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nada\n              RM, \n            \n              van Loon\n              B, \n            \n              Maal\n              TJ, \n            et al. \n          Three-dimensional evaluation of soft tissue changes in the orofacial region after tooth-borne and bone-borne surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion. Clin Oral Investig. 2013;17:2017\u20132024."},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"72","article-title":"Clinical application of 3D imaging for assessment of treatment outcomes","volume":"17","author":"Cevidanes\n              LH,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cevidanes\n              LH, \n            \n              Oliveira\n              AE, \n            \n              Grauer\n              D, \n            \n              Styner\n              M, \n            \n              Proffit\n              WR. \n          \n          Clinical application of 3D imaging for assessment of treatment outcomes. Semin Orthod. 2011;17:72\u201380."},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"763","article-title":"Precision and accuracy of the 3dMD photogrammetric system in craniomaxillofacial application","volume":"21","author":"L\u00fcbbers\n              HT,","year":"2010","unstructured":"L\u00fcbbers\n              HT, \n            \n              Medinger\n              L, \n            \n              Kruse\n              A, \n            \n              Gr\u00e4tz\n              KW, \n            \n              Matthews\n              F. \n          \n          Precision and accuracy of the 3dMD photogrammetric system in craniomaxillofacial application. J Craniofac Surg. 2010;21:763\u2013767."},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Ann Plast Surg","first-page":"471","article-title":"Validating three-dimensional imaging of the breast","volume":"54","author":"Losken\n              A,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Losken\n              A, \n            \n              Seify\n              H, \n            \n              Denson\n              DD, \n            \n              Paredes AA\n              Jr, \n            \n              Carlson\n              GW. \n          \n          Validating three-dimensional imaging of the breast. Ann Plast Surg. 2005;54:471\u2013476."},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"462","article-title":"Skeletal changes in vertical and anterior displacement of the maxilla with bonded rapid palatal expansion appliances","volume":"95","author":"Sarver\n              DM,","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sarver\n              DM, \n            \n              Johnston\n              MW. \n          \n          Skeletal changes in vertical and anterior displacement of the maxilla with bonded rapid palatal expansion appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989;95:462\u2013466."},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"15","article-title":"Comparison of Hyrax and bonded expansion appliances","volume":"67","author":"Asanza\n              S,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Asanza\n              S, \n            \n              Cisneros\n              GJ, \n            \n              Nieberg\n              LG. \n          \n          Comparison of Hyrax and bonded expansion appliances. 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