{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T16:04:47Z","timestamp":1780070687692,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"The Angle Orthodontist (EH Angle Education & Research Foundation)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n To identify which dental and\/or cephalometric variables were predictors of postretention mandibular dental arch stability in patients who underwent treatment with transpalatal arch and lip bumper during mixed dentition followed by full fixed appliances in the permanent dentition.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n Thirty-one patients were divided into stable and relapse groups based on the postretention presence or absence of relapse. Intercuspid, interpremolar, and intermolar widths; arch length and perimeter; crowding; and lower incisor proclination were evaluated before treatment (T0), after lip bumper treatment (T1), after fixed appliance treatment (T2), and a minimum of 3 years after removal of the full fixed appliance (T3). Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of changes between T0 and T1, as predictive variables, on the occurrence of relapse at T3.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results:<\/jats:bold>\n The model explained 53.5 % of the variance in treatment stability and correctly classified 80.6 % of the sample. Of the seven prediction variables, intermolar and interpremolar changes between T0 and T1 (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .024 and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .034, respectively) were statistically significant. For every millimeter of increase in intermolar and interpremolar widths there was a 1.52 and 2.70 times increase, respectively, in the odds of having stability. There was also weak evidence for the effect of sex (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = .047).\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n The best predictors of an average 4-year postretention mandibular dental arch stability after treatment with a lip bumper followed by full fixed appliances were intermolar and interpremolar width increases during lip bumper therapy. The amount of relapse in this crowding could be considered clinically irrelevant.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2319\/051216-379.1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,21]],"date-time":"2016-09-21T09:39:16Z","timestamp":1474450756000},"page":"209-214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Predictors of postretention stability of mandibular dental arch dimensions in patients treated with a lip bumper during mixed dentition followed by fixed appliances"],"prefix":"10.2319","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Gaetana","family":"Raucci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate student, Orthodontic Postgraduate Program, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Pach\u00eaco-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Elyasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD student, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizia","family":"d'Apuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD student, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Flores-Mir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor and Chair of the Graduate Orthodontic Program, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Perillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Head of Orthodontic Unit and Chair of the Orthodontic Postgraduate Program, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1164","reference":[{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b01","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"67","article-title":"Stability of class II subdivision malocclusion treatment with 3 and 4 premolar extractions","volume":"15","author":"Janson \n G,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Janson \n G, \n \n \n Araki \n J, \n \n \n Estelita \n S, \n \n \n Camardella \n LT. \n \n \n Stability of class II subdivision malocclusion treatment with 3 and 4 premolar extractions. Prog Orthod. 2014;15:67."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"52","article-title":"The effects of lip bumper therapy in the mixed dentition","volume":"111","author":"Davidovitch \n M,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Davidovitch \n M, \n \n \n McInnis \n D, \n \n \n Lindauer \n SJ. \n \n \n The effects of lip bumper therapy in the mixed dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997;111:52\u201358."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b03","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"18","article-title":"Non extraction short-term arch changes","volume":"5","author":"Ferro \n F,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ferro \n F, \n \n \n Perillo \n L, \n \n \n Ferro \n A. \n \n \n Non extraction short-term arch changes. Prog Orthod. 2004;5:18\u201343."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"57","article-title":"An evaluation of buccal shield treatment: a clinical and cephalometric study","volume":"77","author":"Moin \n K,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moin \n K, \n \n \n Bishara \n SE. \n \n \n An evaluation of buccal shield treatment: a clinical and cephalometric study. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:57\u201363."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"106","article-title":"Effect of lip bumpers on mandibular arch dimensions","volume":"135","author":"Hashish \n DI,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hashish \n DI, \n \n \n Mostafa \n YA. \n \n \n Effect of lip bumpers on mandibular arch dimensions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;135:106\u2013109."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"247","article-title":"Perioral forces and dental changes resulting from mandibular lip bumper treatment","volume":"113","author":"O'Donnell \n S,","year":"1998","unstructured":"O'Donnell \n S, \n \n \n Nanda \n RS, \n \n \n Ghosh \n J. \n \n \n Perioral forces and dental changes resulting from mandibular lip bumper treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113:247\u2013255."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"25","article-title":"The effect of a maxillary lip bumper on tooth position","volume":"22","author":"Hasler \n R,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hasler \n R, \n \n \n Ingervall \n B. \n \n \n The effect of a maxillary lip bumper on tooth position. Eur J Orthod. 2000;22:25\u201332."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b08","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"192","article-title":"Class II malocclusion division 1: a new classification method by cephalometric analysis","volume":"13","author":"Perillo \n L,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Perillo \n L, \n \n \n Padricelli \n G, \n \n \n Isola \n G, \n \n \n Femiano \n F, \n \n \n Chiodini \n P, \n \n \n Matarese \n G. \n \n \n Class II malocclusion division 1: a new classification method by cephalometric analysis. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2012;13:192\u2013196."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b09","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"261","article-title":"Evaluation of long-term effects in patients treated with Fr\u00e4nkel-2 appliance","volume":"12","author":"Perillo \n L,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Perillo \n L, \n \n \n Castaldo \n MI, \n \n \n Cannavale \n R, \n \n et al. \n Evaluation of long-term effects in patients treated with Fr\u00e4nkel-2 appliance. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2011;12:261\u2013266."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"175","article-title":"Equilibrium Theory visited: Factors influencing position of the teeth","volume":"48","author":"Proffit \n WR.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Proffit \n WR. \n \n \n Equilibrium Theory visited: Factors influencing position of the teeth. Angle Orthod. 1978;48:175\u2013186."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b11","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"24","article-title":"Predictors of long-term stability of maxillary dental arch dimensions in patients treated with a transpalatal arch followed by fixed appliances","volume":"16","author":"Raucci \n G,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raucci \n G, \n \n \n Elyasi \n M, \n \n \n Pach\u00eaco-Pereira \n C, \n \n et al. \n Predictors of long-term stability of maxillary dental arch dimensions in patients treated with a transpalatal arch followed by fixed appliances. Prog Orthod. 2015;16:24."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"310","article-title":"Long-term stability of combined rapid palatal expansion-lip bumper therapy followed by full fixed appliances","volume":"128","author":"Ferris \n T,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ferris \n T, \n \n \n Alexander \n RG, \n \n \n Boley \n J, \n \n \n Buschang \n PH. \n \n \n Long-term stability of combined rapid palatal expansion-lip bumper therapy followed by full fixed appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:310\u2013325."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"36","article-title":"Long-term stability of lip bumper therapy followed by fixed appliance","volume":"76","author":"Solomon \n MJ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Solomon \n MJ, \n \n \n English \n JD, \n \n \n Magness \n WB, \n \n \n McKee \n CJ. \n \n \n Long-term stability of lip bumper therapy followed by fixed appliance. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:36\u201342."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","article-title":"Short- and long-term evaluation of mandibular dental arch dimensional changes in patients treated with a lip bumper during mixed dentition followed by fixed appliances","author":"Raucci \n G,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raucci \n G, \n \n \n Pach\u00eaco-Pereira \n C, \n \n \n Elyasi \n M, \n \n \n d'Apuzzo \n F, \n \n \n Flores-Mir \n C, \n \n \n Perillo \n L. \n \n \n Short- and long-term evaluation of mandibular dental arch dimensional changes in patients treated with a lip bumper during mixed dentition followed by fixed appliances. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:753\u2013760."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"554","article-title":"The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment","volume":"68","author":"Little \n RM.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Little \n RM. \n \n \n The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment. Am J Orthod. 1975;68:554\u2013563."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b16","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"119","article-title":"The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopaedics","volume":"11","author":"Baccetti \n T,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA\n Jr. \n \n \n The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopaedics. Semin Orthod. 2005;11:119\u2013129."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"194","article-title":"Arch perimeter changes on rapid palatal expansion","volume":"97","author":"Adkins \n MD,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Adkins \n MD, \n \n \n Nanda \n RS, \n \n \n Currier \n GF. \n \n \n Arch perimeter changes on rapid palatal expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990;97:194\u2013199."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"10","article-title":"Arch width development in class II patients treated with the Frankel appliance","volume":"82","author":"McDougall \n PD,","year":"1982","unstructured":"McDougall \n PD, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA\n Jr, \n \n \n Dierkes \n MJ. \n \n \n Arch width development in class II patients treated with the Frankel appliance. Am J Orthod. 1982;82:10\u201322."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Oral Surg","first-page":"175","article-title":"The Frankfort-mandibular plane angle in orthodontic diagnosis, classification, treatment planning, and prognosis","volume":"32","author":"Tweed \n CH.","year":"1946","unstructured":"Tweed \n CH. \n \n \n The Frankfort-mandibular plane angle in orthodontic diagnosis, classification, treatment planning, and prognosis. Am J Orthod Oral Surg. 1946;32:175\u2013230."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b20","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"30","article-title":"Photobiomodulation accelerates orthodontic alignment in the early phase of treatment","volume":"14","author":"Kau \n CH,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kau \n CH, \n \n \n Kantarci \n A, \n \n \n Shaughnessy \n T, \n \n et al. \n Photobiomodulation accelerates orthodontic alignment in the early phase of treatment. Prog Orthod. 2013;14:30."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b01","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"67","article-title":"Stability of class II subdivision malocclusion treatment with 3 and 4 premolar extractions","volume":"15","author":"Janson \n G,","year":"2014","unstructured":"Janson \n G, \n \n \n Araki \n J, \n \n \n Estelita \n S, \n \n \n Camardella \n LT. \n \n \n Stability of class II subdivision malocclusion treatment with 3 and 4 premolar extractions. Prog Orthod. 2014;15:67."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b02","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"52","article-title":"The effects of lip bumper therapy in the mixed dentition","volume":"111","author":"Davidovitch \n M,","year":"1997","unstructured":"Davidovitch \n M, \n \n \n McInnis \n D, \n \n \n Lindauer \n SJ. \n \n \n The effects of lip bumper therapy in the mixed dentition. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1997;111:52\u201358."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b03","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"18","article-title":"Non extraction short-term arch changes","volume":"5","author":"Ferro \n F,","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ferro \n F, \n \n \n Perillo \n L, \n \n \n Ferro \n A. \n \n \n Non extraction short-term arch changes. Prog Orthod. 2004;5:18\u201343."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b04","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"57","article-title":"An evaluation of buccal shield treatment: a clinical and cephalometric study","volume":"77","author":"Moin \n K,","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moin \n K, \n \n \n Bishara \n SE. \n \n \n An evaluation of buccal shield treatment: a clinical and cephalometric study. Angle Orthod. 2007;77:57\u201363."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b05","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"106","article-title":"Effect of lip bumpers on mandibular arch dimensions","volume":"135","author":"Hashish \n DI,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hashish \n DI, \n \n \n Mostafa \n YA. \n \n \n Effect of lip bumpers on mandibular arch dimensions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;135:106\u2013109."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b06","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"247","article-title":"Perioral forces and dental changes resulting from mandibular lip bumper treatment","volume":"113","author":"O'Donnell \n S,","year":"1998","unstructured":"O'Donnell \n S, \n \n \n Nanda \n RS, \n \n \n Ghosh \n J. \n \n \n Perioral forces and dental changes resulting from mandibular lip bumper treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998;113:247\u2013255."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b07","series-title":"Eur J Orthod","first-page":"25","article-title":"The effect of a maxillary lip bumper on tooth position","volume":"22","author":"Hasler \n R,","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hasler \n R, \n \n \n Ingervall \n B. \n \n \n The effect of a maxillary lip bumper on tooth position. Eur J Orthod. 2000;22:25\u201332."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b08","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"192","article-title":"Class II malocclusion division 1: a new classification method by cephalometric analysis","volume":"13","author":"Perillo \n L,","year":"2012","unstructured":"Perillo \n L, \n \n \n Padricelli \n G, \n \n \n Isola \n G, \n \n \n Femiano \n F, \n \n \n Chiodini \n P, \n \n \n Matarese \n G. \n \n \n Class II malocclusion division 1: a new classification method by cephalometric analysis. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2012;13:192\u2013196."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b09","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent","first-page":"261","article-title":"Evaluation of long-term effects in patients treated with Fr\u00e4nkel-2 appliance","volume":"12","author":"Perillo \n L,","year":"2011","unstructured":"Perillo \n L, \n \n \n Castaldo \n MI, \n \n \n Cannavale \n R, \n \n et al. \n Evaluation of long-term effects in patients treated with Fr\u00e4nkel-2 appliance. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2011;12:261\u2013266."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b10","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"175","article-title":"Equilibrium Theory visited: Factors influencing position of the teeth","volume":"48","author":"Proffit \n WR.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Proffit \n WR. \n \n \n Equilibrium Theory visited: Factors influencing position of the teeth. Angle Orthod. 1978;48:175\u2013186."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b11","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"24","article-title":"Predictors of long-term stability of maxillary dental arch dimensions in patients treated with a transpalatal arch followed by fixed appliances","volume":"16","author":"Raucci \n G,","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raucci \n G, \n \n \n Elyasi \n M, \n \n \n Pach\u00eaco-Pereira \n C, \n \n et al. \n Predictors of long-term stability of maxillary dental arch dimensions in patients treated with a transpalatal arch followed by fixed appliances. Prog Orthod. 2015;16:24."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b12","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"310","article-title":"Long-term stability of combined rapid palatal expansion-lip bumper therapy followed by full fixed appliances","volume":"128","author":"Ferris \n T,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ferris \n T, \n \n \n Alexander \n RG, \n \n \n Boley \n J, \n \n \n Buschang \n PH. \n \n \n Long-term stability of combined rapid palatal expansion-lip bumper therapy followed by full fixed appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005;128:310\u2013325."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b13","series-title":"Angle Orthod","first-page":"36","article-title":"Long-term stability of lip bumper therapy followed by fixed appliance","volume":"76","author":"Solomon \n MJ,","year":"2006","unstructured":"Solomon \n MJ, \n \n \n English \n JD, \n \n \n Magness \n WB, \n \n \n McKee \n CJ. \n \n \n Long-term stability of lip bumper therapy followed by fixed appliance. Angle Orthod. 2006;76:36\u201342."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b14","series-title":"Angle Orthod","article-title":"Short- and long-term evaluation of mandibular dental arch dimensional changes in patients treated with a lip bumper during mixed dentition followed by fixed appliances","author":"Raucci \n G,","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raucci \n G, \n \n \n Pach\u00eaco-Pereira \n C, \n \n \n Elyasi \n M, \n \n \n d'Apuzzo \n F, \n \n \n Flores-Mir \n C, \n \n \n Perillo \n L. \n \n \n Short- and long-term evaluation of mandibular dental arch dimensional changes in patients treated with a lip bumper during mixed dentition followed by fixed appliances. Angle Orthod. 2016;86:753\u2013760."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b15","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"554","article-title":"The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment","volume":"68","author":"Little \n RM.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Little \n RM. \n \n \n The irregularity index: a quantitative score of mandibular anterior alignment. Am J Orthod. 1975;68:554\u2013563."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b16","series-title":"Semin Orthod","first-page":"119","article-title":"The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopaedics","volume":"11","author":"Baccetti \n T,","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baccetti \n T, \n \n \n Franchi \n L, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA\n Jr. \n \n \n The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopaedics. Semin Orthod. 2005;11:119\u2013129."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b17","series-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop","first-page":"194","article-title":"Arch perimeter changes on rapid palatal expansion","volume":"97","author":"Adkins \n MD,","year":"1990","unstructured":"Adkins \n MD, \n \n \n Nanda \n RS, \n \n \n Currier \n GF. \n \n \n Arch perimeter changes on rapid palatal expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1990;97:194\u2013199."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b18","series-title":"Am J Orthod","first-page":"10","article-title":"Arch width development in class II patients treated with the Frankel appliance","volume":"82","author":"McDougall \n PD,","year":"1982","unstructured":"McDougall \n PD, \n \n \n McNamara \n JA\n Jr, \n \n \n Dierkes \n MJ. \n \n \n Arch width development in class II patients treated with the Frankel appliance. Am J Orthod. 1982;82:10\u201322."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b19","series-title":"Am J Orthod Oral Surg","first-page":"175","article-title":"The Frankfort-mandibular plane angle in orthodontic diagnosis, classification, treatment planning, and prognosis","volume":"32","author":"Tweed \n CH.","year":"1946","unstructured":"Tweed \n CH. \n \n \n The Frankfort-mandibular plane angle in orthodontic diagnosis, classification, treatment planning, and prognosis. Am J Orthod Oral Surg. 1946;32:175\u2013230."},{"key":"i0003-3219-87-2-209-b20","series-title":"Prog Orthod","first-page":"30","article-title":"Photobiomodulation accelerates orthodontic alignment in the early phase of treatment","volume":"14","author":"Kau \n CH,","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kau \n CH, \n \n \n Kantarci \n A, \n \n \n Shaughnessy \n T, \n \n et al. \n Photobiomodulation accelerates orthodontic alignment in the early phase of treatment. 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